John James Audubon’s prospectus for The birds of America

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
P. B. Logan ◽  
M. A. Sidor
Keyword(s):  
Title Page ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
John James Audubon ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
The Individual ◽  
General Scope

The prospectus for The birds of America, which was used by John James Audubon as a marketing tool while canvassing for potential subscribers, went through a series of editions between 1827 and 1838. From a single folded sheet describing the general scope of the work and its price, the prospectus grew to 16 pages that incorporated a separate title-page, the names of subscribers, favourable reviews, and a list of the individual prints that had been published. As the project came to a close, Audubon encapsulated the salient details in advertisements printed in publications in England and America. Six editions, based on 16 extant copies, were identified by W. H. Fries in 1973. Since that time, additional information has become available about the various editions, including ones of which Fries was not aware. A summary and reclassification of the editions is appropriate to assist in better understanding the history and rarity of this publication.

scholarly journals Beyond two-point statistics: using the minimum spanning tree as a tool for cosmology

2019 ◽  
Vol 491 (2) ◽  
pp. 1709-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Naidoo ◽  
Lorne Whiteway ◽  
Elena Massara ◽  
Davide Gualdi ◽  
Ofer Lahav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Unique Graph ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Cosmological studies of large-scale structure have relied on two-point statistics, not fully exploiting the rich structure of the cosmic web. In this paper we show how to capture some of this cosmic web information by using the minimum spanning tree (MST), for the first time using it to estimate cosmological parameters in simulations. Discrete tracers of dark matter such as galaxies, N-body particles or haloes are used as nodes to construct a unique graph, the MST, that traces skeletal structure. We study the dependence of the MST on cosmological parameters using haloes from a suite of COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) simulations with a box size of $250\ h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$, varying the amplitude of scalar fluctuations (As), matter density (Ωm), and neutrino mass (∑mν). The power spectrum P and bispectrum B are measured for wavenumbers between 0.125 and 0.5 $h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, while a corresponding lower cut of ∼12.6 $h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$ is applied to the MST. The constraints from the individual methods are fairly similar but when combined we see improved 1σ constraints of $\sim 17{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\sim 12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) on Ωm and $\sim 12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) on As with respect to P (P + B) thus showing the MST is providing additional information. The MST can be applied to current and future spectroscopic surveys (BOSS, DESI, Euclid, PSF, WFIRST, and 4MOST) in 3D and photometric surveys (DES and LSST) in tomographic shells to constrain parameters and/or test systematics.

scholarly journals Quantifying changes and trends in glacier area and volume in the Austrian Ötztal Alps (1969-1997-2006)

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abermann ◽  
A. Lambrecht ◽  
A. Fischer ◽  
M. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Length Change ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract. In this study we apply a simple and reliable method to derive recent changes in glacier area and volume by taking advantage of high resolution LIDAR (light detection and ranging) DEMs (digital elevation models) from the year 2006. Together with two existing glacier inventories (1969 and 1997) the new dataset enables us to quantify area and volume changes over the past 37 years at three dates. This has been done for 81 glaciers (116 km2) in the Ötztal Alps which accounts for almost one third of Austria's glacier extent. Glacier area and volume have reduced drastically with significant differences within the individual size classes. Between 1997 and 2006 an overall area loss of 10.5 km2 or 8.2% occurred. Volume has reduced by 1.0 km3 which accounts for a mean thickness change of −8.2 m. The availability of three comparable inventories allows a comprehensive size and altitude dependent analysis of glacier changes but lacks a high temporal resolution. For the comparison of rates of changes between the two different periods (1969 to 1997 with 1997 to 2006) we propose two approaches in this study: a) to estimate mean overall rates of changes (including a period of advance) and b) to extract periods of net-retreat by using additional information (length change and mass balance measurements). Analysis of the resulting acceleration factors reveals that the retreat of volume and mean thickness changes has accelerated significantly more than that of area changes.

How much is a calorie worth? A study of willingness to pay for calorie labels in restaurant menus

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
SANA RAFIQ
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Caloric Consumption ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe asked individuals about their willingness to pay (WTP) either: (1) for a mandate requiring restaurants to post calorie information on their menus; or (2) to avoid such a mandate. On average, more people were in in favor of the mandate and were willing to pay four times more than those who were against it, thereby leading to a Kaldor–Hicks improvement from this policy. To ensure robustness, we tested the impact of providing three types of information during individuals’ WTP determinations: (1) visual examples of the proposed calorie labels; (2) data on their effectiveness at the individual level; and (3) data on their wider social and economic benefits. For those in favor, providing a simple visual of the label had no impact on WTP. Data on the individual effectiveness of the labels increased the WTP, while evidence on broader obesity reduction and economic benefits reduced it. For opponents, WTP did not change with provision of additional information except when provided with information on social and economic benefits. Under this condition, the opponents increased their WTP 12-fold to avoid a mandate of this policy. Finally, we measured individual well-being under this policy and found directionally similar results, confirming a net improvement in aggregate welfare. Our results suggest that messaging that focuses on private benefits (providing calorie information so that individuals can effectively choose to reduce excessive caloric consumption) rather than wider public benefits (reduction in overall health-related costs and obesity) is more likely to be effective.

The Effects of Information and Augmentative Communication Technique on Attitudes Toward Nonspeaking Individuals

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Wood Gorenflo ◽  
Daniel W. Gorenflo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Augmentative Communication ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Communication Aid ◽  
Communication Technique ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Individual

This study investigated the effects of printed factual information and three augmentative communication techniques on attitudes of nondisabled individuals toward nonspeaking persons with physical disabilities. Employing a 3 (augmentative communication techniques) x 2 (presence/absence of information) factorial design, subjects viewed a videotape depicting a nonspeaking adult having a conversation with a normal-speaking individual. Subjects in Condition 1 viewed a tape depicting the nonspeaking individual using unaided communication techniques; Condition 2 subjects viewed the individual using an alphabet board; subjects in Condition 3 viewed the individual using a computer-based voice output communication aid (VOCA). A scale assessing attitudes toward nonspeaking persons, the Attitudes Toward Nonspeaking Persons Scale (ATNP), was developed and validated for purposes of this study and was employed as the dependent measure. Results revealed that subjects expressed more favorable attitudes when provided with the additional information concerning the nonspeaking individual. Attitude favorability also increased with the sophistication of the augmentative communication technique.

scholarly journals Design and implementation of a prototype Human Protein Index.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Taylor ◽  
N L Anderson ◽  
A E Scandora ◽  
K E Willard ◽  
N G Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reference Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

Abstract This paper describes information-handling aspects of the TYCHO I analysis system (Clin, Chem. 27: 1807--1820, 1981), which analyzes two-dimensional electrophoresis gels, matches the individual protein spots with those in a reference pattern, and stores various information--including spot measurements, identifications, treatment profiles, set memberships, and comments--in a computerized database. This and additional information such as amino acid composition and cellular localization is then accessible from an interactive program that includes a pictorial user interface and presents much of the data in graphical form. Use of the TYCHO I system is illustrated by examples drawn from analyses of gel patterns from human leukocytes.

scholarly journals Networked Privacy Beyond the Individual: Four Perspectives to ‘Sharing’

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airi Lampinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Boundary Regulation ◽  
The Individual

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Synthesizing prior work, this paper provides conceptual grounding for understanding the dialectic of challenges and opportunities that social network sites present to social life. With the help of the framework of interpersonal boundary regulation, this paper casts privacy as something people do, together, instead of depicting it as a characteristic or a possession. I illustrate interpersonal aspects of networked privacy by outlining four perspectives to ‘sharing’. These perspectives call for a rethink of networked privacy beyond an individual’s online endeavors.</span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Comparing subjective intoxication with risky single-occasion drinking in a European sample

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241433
Author(s):  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Jakob Manthey ◽  
Jacek Moskalewicz ◽  
Emanuele Scafato ◽  
Lidia Segura García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Harmful Drinking ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risky Single Occasion Drinking

In most epidemiological literature, harmful drinking—a drinking pattern recognized as closely linked to alcohol-attributable diseases—is recorded using the measure risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD), which is based on drinking above a certain quantity. In contrast, subjective intoxication (SI) as an alternative measure can provide additional information, including the drinker’s subjective perceptions and cultural influences on alcohol consumption. However, there is a lack of research comparing both. The current article investigates this comparison, using data from the Standardized European Alcohol Survey from 2015. We analysed the data of 12,512 women and 12,516 men from 17 European countries and one region. We calculated survey-weighted prevalence of SI and RSOD and compared them using Spearman rank correlation and regression models. We examined the role of the required quantity of alcohol needed for the drinker to perceive impairments and analysed additional demographic and sociodemographic characteristics as well as drinking patterns. In the most locations, the prevalence of SI was lower or equal to the prevalence of RSOD. Both prevalence estimates were highly correlated. Almost 8% of the variance in the difference between the individual-level frequencies of the SI and RSOD measures was explained by the individual quantity of alcohol needed to perceive impairments. Sociodemographic characteristics and drinking patterns explained less than 20% in the adjusted perceived quantity of alcohol needed. In conclusion, our results indicated that subjective measures of intoxication are not a preferable indicator of harmful drinking to the more conventional measures of RSOD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Yoga Practice on Practitioners' Environmental Behaviours & Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Aglaia Zafeiroudi ◽  
Mathildi Pipinia ◽  
Georgia Yfantidou ◽  
Sotiriοs Georgomanos
Keyword(s):  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Responsible Behaviour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Environmental Behaviours

Yoga philosophy includes ethical codes of conduct, guidelines, meditation and other practices that respect the Earth, its natural resources, humans and other living beings. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of yoga practice on practitioners' environmental behaviours and sustainability. A total of 195 adults (66 men and 129 women) from two cities in Greece participated in this study. The participants completed the General Environmental Responsible Behaviour scale (Zafeiroudi & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2013) and provided additional information about their personal lifestyles, leisure activity preferences and frequency of participation in outdoor activities. Independent sample T-test analysis was used to investigate differences between practitioners' demographics and the General Environmental Responsible Behaviour scale as the dependent variable. The results indicated statistically significant differences in environmental behaviour scores among practitioners in different yoga demographics. On the basis of yoga philosophy, the study findings suggested that participation in yoga practices strengthens beliefs, behaviours and awareness regarding the environment. The individual values taught by the philosophy of yoga also foster friendlier attitudes and behaviours towards the environment. Moreover, the findings indicated that yoga practice might be an effective supplement and tool to promote green sustainable programs currently run by environmental and social organizations.

scholarly journals Role of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Management of Periodontal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Thomas Eshraghi ◽  
Kyle A. Malloy ◽  
Mehrnaz Tahmasbi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Furcation Defects ◽  
The Individual

The goal of this paper was to review the current literature surrounding the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) related to the diagnosis, prognostic determination, and treatment of periodontal diseases. A literature review was completed to identify peer-reviewed articles related to CBCT and periodontics. The results were filtered to pool only articles specific to CBCT and periodontal diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment/outcomes. The articles were reviewed and findings summarized. Author’s commentary on technological advances and additional potential uses of CBCT in the field of periodontics were included. There is evidence to suggest that CBCT imaging can be more accurate in diagnosing specific periodontal defects (intrabony and furcation defects), and therefore be helpful in the prognostic determination and treatment planning. However, at this time, CBCT cannot be recommended as the standard of care. It is up to the individual clinician to use one’s own judgment as to when the additional information provided by CBCT may be beneficial, while applying the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. With continued technological advances in CBCT imaging (higher resolution, reduced imaging artifacts, lower exposure, etc.) the author’s believe that CBCT usage will become more prominent in diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases.

Discrimination of Reactive Dyes on Cotton Fabric by Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kokot ◽  
Nguyen Anh Tuan ◽  
L. Rintoul
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reactive Dye ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Dyed Fabrics ◽  
Ir Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ft Raman

FT-Raman spectra were obtained from undyed poplin cotton fabric and from the same fabric differently dyed with a bi-functional reactive dye, Cibacron C (molecular structure unknown); the four series of the dyed samples each contained the dye in a different form—unfixed, ammonia-treated/unfixed, fixed, and ammonia-treated/fixed. The spectra were dominated by the dye, but the different states of the dye were not obviously differentiated. Application of principal component analysis showed that the spectral groups of the four different dye states can be discriminated from each other and from that of the undyed cotton. Further, for each series of the dyed fabrics, which contain samples with different amounts of dye, the individual dye concentration subgroups are distinguished. Exploratory quantitative studies suggested that FT-Raman spectroscopy may be a suitable quantitative method for the prediction of % concentration of the unfixed dye on cotton fabrics. A comparison of the FT-Raman results with those from a parallel FT-IR study reported elsewhere indicated that similar qualitative conclusions may be reached with both techniques. However, the FT-Raman approach does provide additional information from the dominating dye spectrum. A comparison of prediction of % concentration of the unfixed dye on the fabric indicated that better partial least-squares (PLS) calibration models may be obtained from the FT-Raman data, but the validation results from a small set of samples suggested only a marginal advantage with the use of the Raman approach.

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