The Epistemic Cultures of Science andWikipedia: A Comparison

Episteme ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Brad Wray
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Epistemic Culture ◽  
Culture Of Science ◽  
Epistemic Goals ◽  
Epistemic Cultures ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTI compare the epistemic culture ofWikipediawith the epistemic culture of science, with special attention to the culture of collaborative research in science. The two cultures differ markedly with respect to (1) the knowledge produced, (2) who produces the knowledge, and (3) the processes by which knowledge is produced.Wikipediahas created a community of inquirers that are governed by norms very different from those that govern scientists. Those who contribute toWikipediado not ground their claims on their reputations as knowers, for they stand to lose nothing if and when their contributions are found to be misleading or false. And the immediacy of the medium encourages gossip and jokes. Hence, though we have some reason to believe that an invisible hand aids scientists in realizing their epistemic goals, we cannot ground our confidence in what is reported onWikipediaon the fact that an invisible hand ensures quality. Nor is the information onWikipediaaptly justified in a manner similar to the way testimony can be justified.

Emotions travelling across cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Annalisa Baicchi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Cognition ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Language Pair ◽  
The Way ◽  
Emotion Language

Abstract This article examines the ‘Adj em +PP’ construction in the English-Italian language pair (e.g., angry at my audacity/arrabbiato per la mia audacia) with the aim of identifying the kinaesthetic embodied schemas that motivate the language of emotions. The analysis of corpus data highlights the interplay between culture and mind, and the cross-linguistic comparison offers some interesting observations that appear to undermine some stereotypes about the way in which emotions are conceived of in the two cultures. Comparative semantics foregrounds the non-diagrammatic rendition in the translation of emotion language and allows for typological hypotheses about cultural cognition and the connection between Talmy’s dichotomy of manner-framed and path-framed languages.

scholarly journals Sir Peter Medawar: science, creativity and the popularization of Karl Popper

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Calver
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Literary Practice ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Public Role ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Way

Sir Peter Medawar was respected by scientists and literati alike. It was perhaps not surprising, then, that he would choose to involve himself in the ‘two cultures’ debate of 1959 and beyond. The focus of his intervention was the philosophy of Sir Karl Popper. However, Medawar's Popper was not the guru of falsification familiar from philosophy textbooks. Medawar's distinctive interpretation of Popper treated him instead as the source of insights into the role of creativity and imagination in scientific inquiry. This paper traces the context for Medawar's adoption of Popperian philosophy, together with its application before the debate. It then examines, within the context of the debate itself, the way in which Medawar attempted to reconcile scientific inquiry with literary practice. Medawar became increasingly convinced that not only was induction epistemologically unsound, but it was also damaging to the public role of the scientist. His construction of Popperianism would, he envisaged, provide a worthy alternative for scientists’ self-image.

Pride

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Angeliki Athanasiadou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy ◽  
The Way

Abstract The aim of the paper1 is to discuss the linguistic and conceptual devices employed for the expression of the emotion of pride in English and Greek culture. The focus will be (a) on the way the emotion of pride is conceptualized in the two cultures, (b) on the way it is expressed, not only in terms of lexical entities but also in terms of expressions in which the two cognitive processes, metaphor and metonymy, feature, and moreover, how the interplay between them is realized, and (c) on the role of the emotion of pride in the English and Greek cultural framework.

scholarly journals Parental Attitudes to Bilingual Education of Children in German-Chinese Families

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Jiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Way

 Language is one of the major ways in which culture is manifested. One can only get inside a culture if one is able to speak, read or write in its language. The earlier one starts to learn a language, the easier it will be. In this context, children from bi-national families are not consciously learning a second language but have to face the two cultures and the two languages of their parents simultaneously and unconsciously from birth. Therefore, it would seem that children from bi-national families have the best opportunity to master the two languages. This article focuses on the way parents from ten German-Chinese families living in Germany or China deal with this issue.

The Two Cultures: Mashing Up Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupriya Ankolekar ◽  
Markus Krozsch ◽  
Denny Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures

Building Cultural Bridges Between China and India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097133362199045
Author(s):  
Dharm P. S. Bhawuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Social Behaviours

Employing one of the established theories from cross-cultural psychology and sociology, first it is shown that both China and India are collectivist cultures. Then the Chinese and Indian worldviews are compared to highlight fundamental similarities between the two cultures. Finally, it is shown how self-cultivation is emphasised in both China and India. Effort is made to show how ideas presented by Confucius and Lao Tsu are captured in the Indian culture and social behaviours. A number of issues are raised for the development of indigenous knowledge from multiple perspectives using various paradigms and methodology. It is hoped that the special issue and this article will stimulate researchers to bridge Chinese and Indian psychologies which may pave the path towards peaceful prosperity.

scholarly journals Immigration and Multiculturalism in Italy: The Religious Experience of the Peruvian Community in the Eternal City

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Verónica Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Popular Religiosity

The present study on the religious experience of the Peruvian community in Rome belongs to the area of studies on immigration, multiculturalism, and religion in Italy. In this article, I analyze the devotion of the Peruvian community in Rome to “the Lord of Miracles”. This pious tradition, which venerates the image of Christ crucified—painted by an Angolan slave—began in 1651 in Lima, during the Viceroyalty of Peru. Today, the sacred image is venerated in countries all over the world that host Peruvian immigrant communities that have set up branches of the Confraternity of the Lord of Miracles. I examine, in particular, the cult of el Señor de los Milagros in Rome in terms of Peruvian popular religiosity and national identity experienced within a transnational context. This essay serves two purposes: The first is to analyze the significance that this religious experience acquires in a foreign environment while maintaining links with its country of origin and its cultural traditions in a multilocal environment. The second aim is to examine the integration of the Peruvian community into Italian society, beginning with religious practice, in this case Roman Catholicism. This kind of religiosity seems not only to favor the encounter between the two cultures but also to render Italian Roman Catholicism multicultural.

I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunwoo Yoon ◽  
Patrick T. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Quasi Experiment

In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.

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