Homer and the Sculptors

The Archaeology of Greece and Rome ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417099.003.0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Nigel Spivey

Keyword(s):

Eighth Century ◽

Classical Literature ◽

Founding Father ◽

Divine Inspiration ◽

Greek Art ◽

In The Beginning

‘In the beginning, Homer was just a very good poet living in Ionia’ (Snodgrass 1998: 11). That premise is more controversial than perhaps it seems at first sight: if Homer appeared to his contemporaries an extraordinary genius, a poet uniquely privileged with divine inspiration, then one might indeed argue that he directly catalysed the coming of Greek literacy, and the development of figure scenes in early Greek art.1 But suppose, for present purposes, that the reputation of an eighth-century BC Homer was local to Ionia, and that the poet died (as one legend had it)poor and obscure. So his genius was only recognised/created/celebrated later; and so ‘a very good poet’ became Homer the great founding father of Classical literature. How important was it that visible form was given to this transfiguration? We can argue about what Homer did for artists. What did artists do for ‘Homer’?

Download Full-text

The Birth and Flowering of Japanese Historiography: From Chronicles to Tales to Historical Interpretation

10.1093/oso/9780199236428.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

John R. Bentley

Keyword(s):

Eighth Century ◽

Historical Interpretation ◽

The Third ◽

Its Analysis ◽

Natural Outcome ◽

In The Beginning

This chapter explains how early Japanese historiography seemed to burst suddenly on the historical stage in the beginning decades of the eighth century. Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) was presented to Empress Genmei in the first month of 712, while Nihon shoki (Chronicle of Japan), Japan's first official historical chronicle, was presented to Empress Gensho in the fifth month of 720. The capital had been moved to a new site, in Nara, in the third month of 710, so the compilation of new histories is perhaps a natural outcome of this move to imitate China by building a permanent capital. However, neither this chronology nor its analysis should be taken at face value. Most scholars agree that the decree of Great King Tenmu issued in the third month of 681 was the impetus for the compilation of both Kojiki and Nihon shoki.

Download Full-text

M. M. Bakhtin’s Hermeneutic Theory

Theological Herald ◽

10.31802/2500-1450-2020-36-1-244-263 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 244-263

Author(s):

Димитрий Барицкий

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Literary Criticism ◽

Theory Of Knowledge ◽

Stable Form ◽

Classical Literature ◽

Important Place ◽

In The Beginning

Основная цель, которую ставит перед собор автор статьи, - привлечь внимание к герменевтической теории м. м. Бахтина и указать на её актуальность в рамках такого направления филологического анализа текста, как религиозное литературоведение. в статье в систематическом виде изложены основные положения герменевтической теории учёного. в начале рассматривается общая теория познания м. м. Бахтина, важное место в которой занимают понятия «монологизм» и «диалогизм». После особое внимание направляется на его концепцию структуры содержательной стороны произведения, и здесь изучаются понятия «знак», «значение» и «смысл». отдельно выделяются критерии, которые, по мнению м. м. Бахтина, сообщают смыслу текста стабильную форму, а также приводится критика учёным литературоведческого структурализма. Помимо этого, автор обращает внимание на ту методологию интерпретации произведения, которая складываются на основе предложенной теории текста. в заключение даётся оценка тому эвристическому потенциалу, которым может обладать герменевтическая теория м. м. Бахтина в контексте анализа произведений мировой классической литературы. The main goal of the author of the article is to draw attention to M. M. Bakhtin’s hermeneutic theory and to point out its relevance in the framework of such a direction of philological analysis of the text as «religious literary criticism». The article presents the main terms of the hermeneutical theory of the scientist in a systematic way. In the beginning, we consider the general theory of knowledge of M. M. Bakhtin, an important place in the framework of which is occupied by such concepts as «monologism» and «dialogism». After that, special attention is paid to the scientist’s concept of the structure of the content side of the work, in which such concepts as «sign», «signification» and «meaning» play an important role. The criteria that, according to M. M. Bakhtin, give the meaning of the text a stable form are singled out separately, and academic criticism of literary structuralism is also given. In addition, the author pays attention to the methodology of interpretation of the work, which is formed on the basis of the proposed theory of the text. In conclusion, we assess the heuristic potential that M. M. Bakhtin’s hermeneutical theory can have in the context of analyzing works of world classical literature.

Download Full-text

Poet and painter in eighth-century Greece

Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society ◽

10.1017/s0068673500004168 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 118-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.M. Snodgrass

Keyword(s):

Visual Arts ◽

Eighth Century ◽

Epic Poetry ◽

Vase Painting ◽

Short Supply ◽

Opposite Conclusion ◽

Greek Art ◽

The Relationship ◽

New Discovery

The relationship between poetry and the visual arts is seldom close and never simple. But special difficulties attend the study of it in the eighth century before Christ in Greece, when evidence is not only in excessively short supply but, when it does come, is almost by definition ambiguous. On the whole question of the interpretation of Late Geometric vase-painting and other eighth-century art, there are well-established opposing positions: each new discovery finds a different interpretation on the part of what may be called the optimists – those who seek for correspondences between the Homeric epics and the visual arts – and of the sceptics, who habitually argue that there is no evidence for anything of the kind. Each party appears to have found an outlet for the promulgation of its view, inasmuch as many general or semi-popular accounts of Geometric and other early Greek art present it as having a major mythological content derived from epic poetry; while many closer scholarly studies, deploying an array of iconographical learning and strict logic, nowadays reach the opposite conclusion, that there is little or no narrative content of any kind, mythological or otherwise, and no significant contact with epic, until the end of the Geometric period.

Download Full-text

The missing heritage. On Lazarsfeld's contribution to the development of Analytical Sociology

SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE ◽

10.3280/sr2012-097005 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Carmelo Lombardo

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Mutual Effect ◽

Generative Models ◽

Columbia University ◽

World War ◽

Founding Father ◽

Social Phenomena ◽

Middle Range ◽

Analytical Sociology ◽

In The Beginning

In the contemporary scenario of sociological thought an increasingly central role has been played by a theoretical movement called analytical sociology. This is a very important attempt which reconnects to the kind of sociology that Robert Merton and Paul Lazarsfeld tried to develop at Columbia University after World War II. In the Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology, recently edited by Peter Hëdstrom and Peter Bearman, a middle range sociology is presented, following the Columbia tradition. But, strangely, the Handbook refers only to Merton as founding father of the Columbia tradition, and does not take into consideration Lazarsfeld's contribution. On the contrary, the role played by Lazarsfeld in the beginning of generative models for explaining social phenomena is highly relevant. His attention towards the inter-subjective dimension of decision testifies his interest for phenomena generating mechanisms, also exemplified by his way of working, which refers to an analytical distinction between the concept of mechanism and that of process; a methodological distinction between causality and mutual effect; a conceptual assumption of different kinds of rationality, i.e. the idea that actors act reasonably and intentionally.

Download Full-text

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100299 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 110-111

Author(s):

Sarah A. Luse

Keyword(s):

Clinical Medicine ◽

Cell Organelles ◽

Riboflavin Deficiency ◽

Drug Induced ◽

New Era ◽

Health And Disease ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Cellular Pathology ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

Download Full-text

A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0315 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 1775-1786 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lucía I. Méndez ◽

Gabriela Simon-Cereijido

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Language Impairment ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Language ◽

Vocabulary Skills ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Study Participants ◽

L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

Download Full-text