Embodying War, Becoming Warriors: Media, Militarisation and the Case of Islamic State’s Online Propaganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Daniel Møller Ølgaard
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
Text Images

This chapter investigates digital media as new spaces for the promotion and normalisation of war and violence and marks a shift in analytical focus from the content of digital text, images or videos to the wide range of senses and practices involved in providing meaning to these forms of representation. To this end, the chapter presents an embodied reading of Islamic State’s (IS) propaganda video ‘Flames of War’. This draws out, firstly, how the organisation’s online propaganda addresses the embodied and affective sensibilities of spectators to facilitate a felt sense of intimacy and, secondly, how the affective potentials and intensities generated by such experiences are mobilised through the networked dynamic of digital and social media. These, the chapter argues, are distinctive features of how war is experienced on and through digital media, revealing new possibilities for promoting military action for insurgent groups like IS who do not have the communicative capacities that state militaries do.

scholarly journals The Impact of Digital Text

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Hye K. Pae
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This chapter discusses reading on screen and in print, as the emergence of digital age has transformed our reading and attention. Digital reading reshapes the concept of reading with the use of various forms of social media that are full of acronyms and emoticons or emoji. Advantages and disadvantages of reading on screen and in print are reviewed. The effects of digitally-mediated text on information processing and reading comprehension are also discussed. Although reading online has merits, such as convenience, low cost, and easy accessibility, readers are likely to scan through an F-shaped gaze pattern. The use of digital media may have a significant influence on brain networks due to the brain’s adaptability and accommodating abilities. Digital text that includes more images and visual aids than hardcopy text may lead to more balanced brain functions. This may have implications for reduced script relativity in the future.

scholarly journals Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Chan ◽  
Blythe O'Hara ◽  
Philayrath Phongsavan ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Becky Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Evaluation Metrics ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

BACKGROUND Mass media campaigns for public health are increasingly using digital media platforms, such as web-based advertising and social media; however, there is a lack of evidence on how to best use these digital platforms for public health campaigns. To generate this evidence, appropriate campaign evaluations are needed, but with the proliferation of digital media–related metrics, there is no clear consensus on which evaluation metrics should be used. Public health campaigns are diverse in nature, so to facilitate analysis, this review has selected tobacco control campaigns as the scope of the study. OBJECTIVE This literature review aimed to examine how tobacco control campaigns that use traditional and digital media platforms have been evaluated. METHODS Medicine and science databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus), and a marketing case study database (World Advertising Research Center) were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2018. Two authors established the eligibility criteria and reviewed articles for inclusion. Individual campaigns were identified from the articles, and information on campaigns and their evaluations were supplemented with searches on Google, Google Scholar, and social media platforms. Data about campaign evaluations were tabulated and mapped to a conceptual framework. RESULTS In total, 17 campaigns were included in this review, with evaluations reported on by 51 articles, 17 marketing reports, and 4 grey literature reports. Most campaigns were from English-speaking countries, with behavioral change as the primary objective. In the process evaluations, a wide range of metrics were used to assess the reach of digital campaign activities, making comparison between campaigns difficult. Every campaign in the review, except one, reported some type of engagement impact measure, with website visits being the most commonly reported metric (11 of the 17 campaigns). Other commonly reported evaluation measures identified in this review include engagement on social media, changes in attitudes, and number of people contacting smoking cessation services. Of note, only 7 of the 17 campaigns attempted to measure media platform attribution, for example, by asking participants where they recalled seeing the campaign or using unique website tracking codes for ads on different media platforms. CONCLUSIONS One of the key findings of this review is the numerous and diverse range of measures and metrics used in tobacco control campaign evaluations. To address this issue, we propose principles to guide the selection of digital media–related metrics for campaign evaluations, and also outline a conceptual framework to provide a coherent organization to the diverse range of metrics. Future research is needed to specifically investigate whether engagement metrics are associated with desired campaign outcomes, to determine whether reporting of engagement metrics is meaningful in campaign evaluations.

scholarly journals No future for care without new digital media? Making time(s) for mediated informal care practices in later life

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-654
Author(s):  
Daniel López-Gómez ◽  
Roser Beneito-Montagut ◽  
Andrea García-Santesmases
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Care Practices

There is a growing interest in using social media and digital platforms as allies to strengthen social support among the aged. Drawing on ethnographic interviews and observations of 21 people in their 80s, the article foregrounds the multiple and intersecting temporalities of informal mediated care practices in later life through an exploration of the wide range of infrastructures on which they rely, from social media platforms to housing and urban infrastructure. We identify four temporalities of mediated informal care to assert the need to problematize the future-oriented temporalities of new caring media. The article paves the way to consider infrastructures of informal care as making time in multiple forms, irrespective of their newness or oldness, or the futures that every new piece of technology and service may potentially bring to our present.

scholarly journals Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns

10.2196/17432 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e17432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Chan ◽  
Blythe O'Hara ◽  
Philayrath Phongsavan ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Becky Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Evaluation Metrics ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

Background Mass media campaigns for public health are increasingly using digital media platforms, such as web-based advertising and social media; however, there is a lack of evidence on how to best use these digital platforms for public health campaigns. To generate this evidence, appropriate campaign evaluations are needed, but with the proliferation of digital media–related metrics, there is no clear consensus on which evaluation metrics should be used. Public health campaigns are diverse in nature, so to facilitate analysis, this review has selected tobacco control campaigns as the scope of the study. Objective This literature review aimed to examine how tobacco control campaigns that use traditional and digital media platforms have been evaluated. Methods Medicine and science databases (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online [MEDLINE], EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL], and Scopus), and a marketing case study database (World Advertising Research Center) were searched for articles published between 2013 and 2018. Two authors established the eligibility criteria and reviewed articles for inclusion. Individual campaigns were identified from the articles, and information on campaigns and their evaluations were supplemented with searches on Google, Google Scholar, and social media platforms. Data about campaign evaluations were tabulated and mapped to a conceptual framework. Results In total, 17 campaigns were included in this review, with evaluations reported on by 51 articles, 17 marketing reports, and 4 grey literature reports. Most campaigns were from English-speaking countries, with behavioral change as the primary objective. In the process evaluations, a wide range of metrics were used to assess the reach of digital campaign activities, making comparison between campaigns difficult. Every campaign in the review, except one, reported some type of engagement impact measure, with website visits being the most commonly reported metric (11 of the 17 campaigns). Other commonly reported evaluation measures identified in this review include engagement on social media, changes in attitudes, and number of people contacting smoking cessation services. Of note, only 7 of the 17 campaigns attempted to measure media platform attribution, for example, by asking participants where they recalled seeing the campaign or using unique website tracking codes for ads on different media platforms. Conclusions One of the key findings of this review is the numerous and diverse range of measures and metrics used in tobacco control campaign evaluations. To address this issue, we propose principles to guide the selection of digital media–related metrics for campaign evaluations, and also outline a conceptual framework to provide a coherent organization to the diverse range of metrics. Future research is needed to specifically investigate whether engagement metrics are associated with desired campaign outcomes, to determine whether reporting of engagement metrics is meaningful in campaign evaluations.

A conversation: Queer digital media resources and research

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Fischer ◽  
Oliver L. Haimson ◽  
Carmen Rios ◽  
Adrienne Shaw ◽  
Mitali Thakor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
Feminist Politics ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Media And Technology

The following is a panel discussion from QIS2 that in which five experts shared their research on queer media and technology. The panellists discuss a wide range of topics including trans people and surveillance online; trans identity and social media; online communities and feminist politics; the LGBT games archive; and digital vigilantism and sex trafficking. Uniting these diverse themes were a shared attention to the politics of queer visibility online that two of the editors of this special issue explore further in their opening comments.

Digital Media Activities and Connective Actions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. F Lee ◽  
Joseph M Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

This chapter examines the role of digital media activities in the dynamics of the Umbrella Movement. It demonstrates how the participants of the movement engaged in a wide range of digital media activities, some of which were integral to the dynamics of the occupation. Digital media activities allowed participants to construct their own modes of participation. Digital media activities were found to relate to higher degrees of involvement in the Umbrella Movement at the individual level, but higher degrees of involvement were found to relate to lower levels of willingness to listen to the central organizers of the occupation. An analysis of social media contents also found a significant degree of decentralization of the protest campaign. Digital media activities therefore both empowered the movement and introduced forces of decentralization that constrained the organizers’ capability of negotiating with the targets.

Web-Based Financial Reporting: An Interpretative Model for Corporate Communications on Social Media

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-112
Author(s):  
Paola Ramassa ◽  
Costanza Di Fabio
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Financial Communication ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Interpretative Model

This paper aims at contributing to financial reporting literature by proposing a conceptual interpretative model to analyse the corporate use of social media for financial communication purposes. In this perspective, the FIRE model provides a framework to study social media shifting the focus on the distinctive features that might enhance web investor relations. The model highlights these features through four building blocks: (i) firm identity (F); (ii) information posting (I); (iii) reputation (R); and (iv) exchange and diffusion (E). They represent key aspects to explore corporate communication activities and might offer a framework to interpret to what degree corporate web financial reporting exploits the potential of social media. Accordingly, the paper proposes metrics based on this model aimed at capturing the interactivity of corporate communications via social media, with a particular focus on web financial reporting. It tries to show the potential of this model by illustrating an exploratory empirical analysis investigating to what extent companies use social media for financial reporting purposes and whether firms are taking advantage of Twitter distinctive features of interaction and diffusion.

Effects of Image Upload on Social Media as Media Promotion in Journal Publishers

CCIT Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Ani Wulandari ◽  
Marviola Hardini
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Conventional Process ◽  
Promotion System

Digital content is content in various formats, whether written, image, video, audio or combination so that it can be read, displayed or played by a computer and easily sent or hared through digital media. Digital content has abundant benefits, especially in the field of promotion. Where when a place of business or a body wants to introduce a product or service that is owned, it definitely requires content such as images as a promotional media. However, if you have to distribute posters to everyone you meet, it is not in line with current technological advancements because you are still using a conventional process. Therefore, to overcome this problem, social media can be used to process digital content easily and quickly. In this study, there are 3 (three) problems that will be overcome by 2 (two) methods, and 3 (three) solutions are produced. The advantage of digital content in social media is that it can be accessed anytime and anywhere, so it is concluded that the use of digital content in social media is able to overcome problems and is a creativepreneur effort found in the promotion system of a journal publisher.   Keywords—Digital Content, Creativepreneur, ATT Journal, Social Media

RepPer: Perception of Psychiatric Disorders on Twitter in French (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delanys ◽  
Farah Benamara ◽  
Véronique Moriceau ◽  
François Olivier ◽  
Josiane Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Annotation Scheme ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Dataset

BACKGROUND With the advent of digital technology and specifically user generated contents in social media, new ways emerged for studying possible stigma of people in relation with mental health. Several pieces of work studied the discourse conveyed about psychiatric pathologies on Twitter considering mostly tweets in English and a limited number of psychiatric disorders terms. This paper proposes the first study to analyze the use of a wide range of psychiatric terms in tweets in French. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to study how generic, nosographic and therapeutic psychiatric terms are used on Twitter in French. More specifically, our study has three complementary goals: (1) to analyze the types of psychiatric word use namely medical, misuse, irrelevant, (2) to analyze the polarity conveyed in the tweets that use these terms (positive/negative/neural), and (3) to compare the frequency of these terms to those observed in related work (mainly in English ). METHODS Our study has been conducted on a corpus of tweets in French posted between 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018 and collected using dedicated keywords. The corpus has been manually annotated by clinical psychiatrists following a multilayer annotation scheme that includes the type of word use and the opinion orientation of the tweet. Two analysis have been performed. First a qualitative analysis to measure the reliability of the produced manual annotation, then a quantitative analysis considering mainly term frequency in each layer and exploring the interactions between them. RESULTS One of the first result is a resource as an annotated dataset . The initial dataset is composed of 22,579 tweets in French containing at least one of the selected psychiatric terms. From this set, experts in psychiatry randomly annotated 3,040 tweets that corresponds to the resource resulting from our work. The second result is the analysis of the annotations; it shows that terms are misused in 45.3% of the tweets and that their associated polarity is negative in 86.2% of the cases. When considering the three types of term use, 59.5% of the tweets are associated to a negative polarity. Misused terms related to psychotic disorders (55.5%) are more frequent to those related to mood disorders (26.5%). CONCLUSIONS Some psychiatric terms are misused in the corpora we studied; which is consistent with the results reported in related work in other languages. Thanks to the great diversity of studied terms, this work highlighted a disparity in the representations and ways of using psychiatric terms. Moreover, our study is important to help psychiatrists to be aware of the term use in new communication media such as social networks which are widely used. This study has the huge advantage to be reproducible thanks to the framework and guidelines we produced; so that the study could be renewed in order to analyze the evolution of term usage. While the newly build dataset is a valuable resource for other analytical studies, it could also serve to train machine learning algorithms to automatically identify stigma in social media.

“Tradition,” Vernacularism, and Learning to Be a Folk Musician With Social Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 442-466
Author(s):  
Simon Keegan-Phipps ◽  
Lucy Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Shaping

This chapter considers the role of social media (broadly conceived) in the learning experiences of folk musicians in the Anglophone West. The chapter draws on the findings of the Digital Folk project, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK), and begins by summarizing and problematizing the nature of learning as a concept in the folk music context. It briefly explicates the instructive, appropriative, and locative impacts of digital media for folk music learning before exploring in detail two case studies of folk-oriented social media: (1) the phenomenon of abc notation as a transmissive media and (2) the Mudcat Café website as an example of the folk-oriented discussion forum. These case studies are shown to exemplify and illuminate the constructs of traditional transmission and vernacularism as significant influences on the social shaping and deployment of folk-related media technologies. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the need to understand the musical learning process as a culturally performative act and to recognize online learning mechanisms as sites for the (re)negotiation of musical, cultural, local, and personal identities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document