Astroculture and Geocentrism

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-190
Author(s):  
Bleddyn E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Cultural Element

Chapter 4 builds on the continental insights of the previous chapter and reintroduces the human and cultural element to spacepower in Proposition VI, and considers the dangers of ethnocentrism in spacepower analysis, as well as how cultural factors and the geocentrism of strategic cultures on Earth will influence spacepower. Like any other facet of human activity, cultural and bureaucratic elements will be a part of space strategy, and policy. Strategic culture and military culture are already developing with spacepower. However, whether in a semi-independent Space Force or not, every military organisation will develop astroculture within a geocentric context, much like how continental navies had to fight for recognition and resources within a land-dominated strategic culture.

scholarly journals The Meaning of Private in an Age of Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
William Walter Bostock
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mass Surveillance

The private has great significance for the individual as it is where identity is stored. However, the private comes at a cost, particularly in a time of mass surveillance, which is heightened by the present Coronavirus pandemic, and is becoming more and more rare as individuals seek security. At the collective level, whole societies are moving towards privatisation, as the private gives relief from increased surveillance by media, governments and informed individuals and organisations, thus allowing more operational flexibility. Private and public are significant as polar ends of a spectrum in which individuals and collectivities must position themselves on a wide range of issues while maintaining identity. As shown in the case of airport privatisation, the determining process has been influenced by cultural factors such as a desire to avoid surveillance and scrutiny, sociological factors such as contagion, and political factors such as convergence. In all areas of human activity, a rebalancing between private and public may be necessary, and a transdisciplinary approach would be appropriate.

scholarly journals Kant e il carattere dei popoli

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Martinelli Riccardo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feminine Principle

Kant deals with national characters in the second part of his Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view of 1798. Firmly rejecting the climatic theory, he advocates an anti-naturalistic stance. However, Kant is skeptical of Hume’s tenet that nations owe their characters to their different forms of government. In Kant’s view, the most civilized nations are England and France: their characters have to do with purely cultural factors. Complementing each other, the characters of those nations broadly correspond to a masculine and feminine principle, as analyzed by Kant in the previous chapter of his Anthropology. The remaining European and Extra-European nations have a less defined – and, in some cases, mixed – character, that owes something more to the natural dispositions. Yet Kant still manages to avoid naturalistic explanations. In many nations, natural dispositions do prevail over cultural ones, but this simply means that less (and sometimes, nothing) can be said about their characters.

An Introduction to Tourism Impacts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mason
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Inorganic Components

Tourism, as a significant form of human activity, can have major effects on people and places, and these effects are commonly referred to as tourism impacts. Tourism always takes place in a context, which we usually refer to, in a broad sense, as the environment. This environmental context is made up of both human and natural features. The human environment comprises economic, social and cultural factors and processes. The natural environment is a combination of inorganic components such as rocks and water, and inorganic processes such as the erosion of rocks, and with organic elements, which comprise plants and animals and organic processes such as those within an ecosystem.

scholarly journals Safety; a system state or property?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stoop
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
The Military

Safety is frequently addressed as an emergent property of complex and dynamic systems. This contribution advocates the validity and importance of incorporating intrinsic technological hazards and systemic interrelations from a multi-actor perspective in the early phases of design and development. This perspective creates inherent properties in various system states, which may manifest themselves as emergent properties during operations. These safety properties are based on their business models, selectively focusing on primary system components such as infrastructure, vehicles or traffic management. Experiences with major aviation and railway projects highlight the potential of engineering design approaches such as multidisciplinary design optimization, value engineering and vectorial state/space modelling. Such an approach has high change potential for a specific category of high energy density complex socio-technical systems. Management System (SMS) that is predominantly based on Western concepts of management. The influence of national culture on a military organisational culture, the perception and behaviour of the military members, and how management handles safety issues in the organisation were investigated and identified. To discover and understand the basic assumptions of a culture that drive people to a particular behaviour, a qualitative research design, encompassing multiple case studies, was adopted for this study. Analysis of the findings shows that the Indonesian military culture has been much influenced by its national culture. Moreover, the unique characteristics of the Indonesian national and military culture have significant influences on military SMS. Harmony, politeness, hierarchical systems, authoritarian structures, the military class system and the ‘can-do’ culture are some of the cultural factors that impede the promotion of safety culture as well as the implementation of the SMS within the Indonesian military organisation. In addition to those cultural factors, the lack of safety education and training has created an environment in which individual safety awareness is disregarded. The results of this study demonstrate that cultural factors are one of the crucial factors that must be integrated into the organisation’s system in order to achieve safety.<br /><br />

scholarly journals The Influence of Indonesian National and Military Organisational Culture on Safety Management Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Medi Rachman ◽  
Bernard Mees ◽  
Simon Fry
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Military Culture ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
The Military

<p>This paper examines the influence of Indonesian national and military organisational culture on the adoption and implementation of the Safety Management System (SMS) that is predominantly based on Western concepts of management. The influence of national culture on a military organisational culture, the perception and behaviour of the military members, and how management handles safety issues in the organisation were investigated and identified. To discover and understand the basic assumptions of a culture that drive people to a particular behaviour, a qualitative research design, encompassing multiple case studies, was adopted for this study. Analysis of the findings shows that the Indonesian military culture has been much influenced by its national culture. Moreover, the unique characteristics of the Indonesian national and military culture have significant influences on military SMS. Harmony, politeness, hierarchical systems, authoritarian structures, the military class system and the ‘can-do’ culture are some of the cultural factors that impede the promotion of safety culture as well as the implementation of the SMS within the Indonesian military organisation. In addition to those cultural factors, the lack of safety education and training has created an environment in which individual safety awareness is disregarded. The results of this study demonstrate that cultural factors are one of the crucial factors that must be integrated into the organisation’s system in order to achieve safety.</p>

Sati

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Social Causation ◽  
Gender Role Expectations ◽  
Good Wife ◽  
And Gender

Abstract. Sati as an act of ritual suicide has been reported from the Indian subcontinent, especially among the Hindus, for several centuries. Although legally proscribed, these acts occur even now in modern India. The principle behind such acts has been put forward as the principle of good wife. There is little evidence to suggest that women who commit this act suffer from a formal mental illness. Cultural factors and gender role expectations play a significant role in the act and its consequences. Using recent examples, this paper illustrates the cultural factors, which may be seen as contributing to the act of suicide. Other factors embedded in the act also emphasize that not all suicides have underlying psychiatric disorders and clinicians must take social causation into account while preparing any prevention strategies.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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