Between Ambiguous and Probable Interpretation: Aspects of Meaning in the Qur'an (in Arabic)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-155
Author(s):  
Tammam Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Probable Interpretation

scholarly journals Effects of blood loss on organ attenuation on postmortem CT and organ weight at autopsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Heimer ◽  
Vasiliki Chatzaraki ◽  
Wolf Schweitzer ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
Thomas D. Ruder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Postmortem Ct ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
Probable Interpretation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Cases of external hemorrhage are difficult to recognize on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT). Purpose To investigate the effects of blood loss on CT attenuation of the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs on PMCT and to assess the relationship between blood loss and organ weight. Methods A total of 125 cases with blood loss were sex- and age-matched to 125 control cases without blood loss. Individual organ attenuation was measured on transverse CT images. Organ weights of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lung were extracted from the autopsy protocols. Results Organ weight was significantly lower in cases with blood loss (lung 30%, spleen 28%, kidneys 14%, liver 18%) than in controls. CT attenuation of the lungs was significantly lower (30%) in cases with blood loss than in controls. CT attenuation of the spleen and kidneys did not significantly differ between cases and controls. CT attenuation of the liver was significantly higher (25%) in cases with blood loss than in controls. Conclusion Blood loss decreases organ weight and CT attenuation of the lungs but appears to have no significant effect on CT attenuation of the spleen and kidneys. The increased liver attenuation in cases with blood loss compared to controls was an unexpected finding and remains challenging to explain. One probable interpretation refers to different levels of hepatic glycogen; however, further work is warranted to substantiate this hypothesis.

scholarly journals BOLTZMANN–SHANNON ENTROPY: GENERALIZATION AND APPLICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 1471-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. CHAKRABARTI ◽  
I. CHAKRABARTY
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Statistical Equilibrium ◽  
Boltzmann Entropy ◽  
Generalized Entropy ◽  
Physical Importance ◽  
Probable Interpretation

The paper deals with the generalization of both Boltzmann entropy and distribution in the light of most-probable interpretation of statistical equilibrium. The statistical analysis of the generalized entropy and distribution leads to some new interesting results of significant physical importance.

scholarly journals Górnołużyccy villici w pierwszej połowie XIII wieku: włodarze, sołtysi czy wójtowie?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fokt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
13Th Century ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Probable Interpretation ◽  
The One ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Taking Care

Upper Lusatian villici: stewards, town iudices or territorial advocati? The text deals with the problem of the proper interpretation of the institution of villicus, mentioned in Upper Lusatia in the 1st half of the 13th century. The article discusses all the hitherto attempts to identify the actual nature of the Upper Lusatian villici and proposes some new interpretations. The close relations of those villici with chartered towns (namely: Zgorzelec/Görlitz and Ostritz) and the virtual lack of royal estates around them makes it possible to state that they were not, as most scholars have claimed, royal stewards taking care of estates administered directly by the Bohemian kings (in Upper Lusatia such goods probably barely existed at all). Therefore, the most probable interpretation of the villici seems to be the one presented in 1923 by J. Bauermann, who identifi ed them with the sculteti hereditarii of particular towns.

Long Term Tracking of Pedestrians with Groups and Occlusions

2007 ◽  
pp. 151-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Jorge ◽  
Arnaldo J. Abrantes ◽  
João M. Lemos ◽  
Jorge S. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
New Information ◽  
Probable Interpretation ◽  
Recognition Errors ◽  
Consistent Labeling ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trajectories ◽  
Layer Solution

This chapter describes an algorithm for tracking groups of pedestrians in video sequences. The main difficulties addressed in this work concern total occlusions of the objects to be tracked, as well as group merging and splitting. Because there is ambiguity, the algorithm should be able to provide the most probable interpretation of the data. A two layer solution is proposed. The first layer produces a set of spatiotemporal trajectories based on low level operations which manage to track the pedestrians most of the time. The second layer performs a consistent labeling of the detected segments using a statistical model based on Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network is recursively computed during the tracking operation and allows the update of the tracker results every time new information is available. Interpretation/recognition errors can thus be detected after receiving enough information about the group of interacting objects. Experimental tests are included to show the performance of the algorithm in complex situations. This work was supported by FEDER and FCT under project LT (POSI 37844/01).

The initial heat production of stimulated nerve

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (935) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Nodal Region ◽  
Probable Interpretation ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Initial Heat

Non-medullated nerve . In a single impulse at 0 °C the heat production occurs in two phases, positive and negative. Records were made of the heat during repetitive stimulation at various frequencies. With 5 shocks/s the diphasic character of the heat was evident, with 10 shocks/s the instruments were too slow to show it, as they are above about 12 °C at any frequency. But the two phases probably occur under all conditions. Medullated nerve . No indication was obtained that the heat production in medullated nerve is diphasic : but this may well be due to the instruments being too slow to separate the phases. During a short tetanus at 0 °C the rate of heat production rises apparently abruptly at the start, and falls equally suddenly at the end, of the stimulus. This is the most probable interpretation of the records, but it remains possible that a short delay (0.02 to 0.04 s) may occur between an impulse and the corresponding heat production: at room temperature this could not be more than about 0.01 s. The magnitude of the heat production is considered in relation to the possibility that activity during an impulse occurs only in the nodal region.

The Mabaruma Phase: A Return to the More Probable Interpretation

1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Lathrap
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
Probable Interpretation

In a recent publication Evans and Meggers have accused me of reinterpreting their work in an erroneous manner on two separate occasions (Evans and Meggers 1964). In one instance (Lathrap 1963a), I suggested that the Machalilla complex of Coastal Ecuador might be a member of the same ceramic tradition which also gave rise to Early Tutishcainyo and Late Tutishcainyo in the central Ucayali Basin in Peru. In the other case (Lathrap 1964), I offered what appeared to me to be a more reasonable seriation of the excavated levels of the Mabaruma phase of northwestern British Guiana and suggested that the age of the Mabaruma phase had been underestimated by a large factor.

scholarly journals Verification of Over-Speed and Burst Margin Limits in Aero Engine Disc along with Low Cycle Fatigue Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harinath S. P. ◽  
Sharath Chandra GV ◽  
Shreyas P. M. ◽  
Kumar K. Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Probable Interpretation

Aero engine rotor burst evaluation is one of the most important problems to be taken care off, whenever it comes to designing a turbo machinery disc. The consequences of a failure can be intense, since the disc fragments into multiple pieces and they are hurled away in all the possible direction at high speeds. Due to high thermo-mechanical loading conditions the disc is subjected to varying degrees of temperature from bore to rim. However, the centrifugal force dominates in the disc which ranges from 80%-90% and the rest can be treated as thermal and gas loads. The challenge lies at designing a disc for off-design conditions with their varying loads and duty cycles. In present work evaluation of safety limits and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life estimation of an aero engine disc through classical methods and blending the terminologies with simulation engineering to arrive at a probable interpretation of number of duty cycles is carried out. The methodology compares the fatigue parameters involved in evaluation of disc life at off-design condition through sensitivity analysis. The design tool closely connects the flight certification FAA and EASA the regulating agencies for safety in air transportation vehicles. The off-design speed regulations through API and MIL handbook for material specification are considered to carry out design of experiments using finite element analysis approach

The cellular origin of chemically induced tumours

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
P.M. Iannaccone ◽  
R.L. Gardner ◽  
H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Electrophoretic Variant ◽  
Chemical Carcinogens ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Probable Interpretation ◽  
Almost All

Tumours were induced by chemical carcinogens in chimaeric mice made by the amalgamation of two embryos each producing a different electrophoretic variant of the enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase. Although, in these chimaeras, the smallest samples of normal tissue that could be analysed almost invariably contained both isoenzymes, almost all the tumours contained only one. An analysis of the size of the clones that formed the chimaeric epidermis permitted the conclusion that the epidermal tumours produced could not have risen from more than 8 cells; and the most probable interpretation of the data is that these tumours were clonal growths.

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