scholarly journals Nematodes and Soil Health Indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Suresh P. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Understanding soil health impacts in relation to climate change is possible through the use of indicators which relate soil physical, chemical and biological. Major soil health indicators are governed by climate change. Selection of indicators within a minimum data depends on their sensitivity to management and climate changes, capacity to integrate and relate to other soil functions, ease of use, repeatability and cost of measurement. In this paper impact of soil health indicators including drivers for climate change; Carbon dioxide, nitrogen deposition, temperature, rainfall, soil structure, bulk density, rooting depth, soil surface cover, soil pH, electrical conductivity, available nutrients to plants, soil organic matter, soil carbon, potentially mineralisable Carbon and Nitrogen, soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities, genetic and functional biodiversity of soils on nematodes and selection of soil health key indicators are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Forest defoliator pests alter carbon and nitrogen cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne l-M-Arnold ◽  
Maren Grüning ◽  
Judy Simon ◽  
Annett-Barbara Reinhardt ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

Climate change may foster pest epidemics in forests, and thereby the fluxes of elements that are indicators of ecosystem functioning. We examined compounds of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in insect faeces, leaf litter, throughfall and analysed the soils of deciduous oak forests ( Quercus petraea  L.) that were heavily infested by the leaf herbivores winter moth ( Operophtera brumata  L.) and mottled umber ( Erannis defoliaria  L.). In infested forests, total net canopy-to-soil fluxes of C and N deriving from insect faeces, leaf litter and throughfall were 30- and 18-fold higher compared with uninfested oak forests, with 4333 kg C ha −1 and 319 kg N ha −1 , respectively, during a pest outbreak over 3 years. In infested forests, C and N levels in soil solutions were enhanced and C/N ratios in humus layers were reduced indicating an extended canopy-to-soil element pathway compared with the non-infested forests. In a microcosm incubation experiment, soil treatments with insect faeces showed 16-fold higher fluxes of carbon dioxide and 10-fold higher fluxes of dissolved organic carbon compared with soil treatments without added insect faeces (control). Thus, the deposition of high rates of nitrogen and rapidly decomposable carbon compounds in the course of forest pest epidemics appears to stimulate soil microbial activity (i.e. heterotrophic respiration), and therefore, may represent an important mechanism by which climate change can initiate a carbon cycle feedback.

scholarly journals Interrelationships of Chemical, Physical and Biological Soil Health Indicators in Beef-Pastures of Southern Piedmont, Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4844
Author(s):  
Subash Dahal ◽  
Dorcas H. Franklin ◽  
Anish Subedi ◽  
Miguel L. Cabrera ◽  
Laura Ney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
System Sustainability

The study of interrelationships among soil health indicators is important for (i) achieving better understanding of nutrient cycling, (ii) making soil health assessment cost-effective by eliminating redundant indicators, and (iii) improving nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendation models. The objectives of this study were to (i) decipher complex interrelationships of selected chemical, physical, and biological soil health indicators in pastures with history of inorganic or broiler litter fertilization, and (ii) establish associations among inorganic N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), and soil microbial biomass (SMBC), and other soil health indicators. In situ soil respiration was measured and soil samples were collected from six beef farms in 2017 and 2018 to measure selected soil health indicators. We were able to establish associations between easy-to-measure active carbon (POXC) vs. PMN (R2 = 0.52), and N (R2 = 0.43). POXC had a noteworthy quadratic relationship with N and nitrate, where we found dramatic increase of N and nitrate beyond an inflection point of 500 mg kg−1 POXC. This point may serve as threshold for soil health assessment. The relationships of loss-on-ignition (LOI) carbon with other soil health indicators were discernable between inorganic- and broiler litter-fertilized pastures. We were able to establish association of SMBC with other soil variables (R2 = 0.76) and there was detectable difference in SMBC between inorganic-fertilized and broiler litter-fertilized pastures. These results could be useful for cost-effective soil health assessment and optimization of N fertilizer recommendation models to improve N use efficiency and grazing system sustainability.

scholarly journals Long term crop rotation effect on soybean yield explained by soil- and root-associated microbiome and soil health indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achal Neupane ◽  
Izzet Bulbul ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
R. Michael Lehman ◽  
Emerson Nafziger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Crop rotation is an important management tactic that farmers use to manage crop production and reduce pests and diseases. Long-term crop rotations may select groups of microbes that form beneficial or pathogenic associations with the following crops, which could explain observed crop yield differences with different crop sequences. To test this hypothesis, we used two locations each with three long-term (14 year), replicated, crop rotation treatments: continuous corn ( Zea mays ) (CCC), corn/corn/soybean (SCC), and corn/soybean (CSC); both CSC and SCC had each phase present each year. In Year 15, we grew soybean ( Glycine max ) in each plot, so that soybean replaced corn in CCC and in the CSC phase where soybean grew in Year 14, and took data from soybeans following CCC (14 years of corn), SCC (two years of corn), CSC (one year of corn), and SCS (one year of soybean). Soybean yield and soil health indicators were measured, along with the bulk soil microbiome and soybean root-associated microbiome.Results Soybean yields were significantly higher following CCC than in the other three treatments at both locations. Soil protein as a soil health indicator was also higher following CCC than in the other treatments. Differential abundances of bacterial and fungal taxa were related to yield differences in a site-specific manner. Uncultured bacterial taxa in family JG30-KF-AS9 was enriched in the high-yielding CCC plots in Monmouth, whereas Microvirga , Rhodomicrobium , and Micromonosporaceae were enriched in the low-yielding SCS plots. Members of the fungal phylum Ascomycota were informative in explaining yield differences among treatments mostly as pathogens, but Tumularia , Pyrenochaetopsis and Schizothecium were enriched in the CCC plots, suggesting a role as either corn pathogens or beneficial fungal taxa for soybean. Multivariate analysis associated soil health indicators with the rotation regimes and some of the differentially abundant microbial taxa.Conclusions Our finding of associations between soil health indicators related to soil microbial populations and soybean yield following different cropping sequences has wide-ranging implications, opening the possibility of both monitoring and manipulating soil microbial populations as a way to improve crop yield potential.

scholarly journals SOILomics; where Microbiome Genetics meets Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e943
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Vlachakis ◽  
Aspasia Efthimiadou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Era ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Biochemistry

Advances in genetics, soil biochemistry and microbiome analysis are opening up a new era in Precision Agriculture. In this direction, new techniques bring groundbreaking changes in land management practices through direct or indirect management of soil microbial communities. There is huge demand for the protection and enhancement of soil health and climate change resilience of crops. The increase in population, food consumption and fast approaching climate change pose a new threat to mankind that only by being proactive and highly prepared to deploy all novel and innovative stratagems in state-of-the-art soil microbiome precision agriculture can be avoided.

scholarly journals SOILomics; where Microbiome Genetics meets Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e940
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Vlachakis ◽  
Aspasia Efthimiadou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
New Era ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Biochemistry

Advances in genetics, soil biochemistry and microbiome analysis are opening up a new era in Precision Agriculture. In this direction, new techniques bring groundbreaking changes in land management practices through direct or indirect management of soil microbial communities. There is huge demand for the protection and enhancement of soil health and climate change resilience of crops. The increase in population, food consumption and fast approaching climate change pose a new threat to mankind that only by being proactive and highly prepared to deploy all novel and innovative stratagems in state-of-the-art soil microbiome precision agriculture can be avoided.

scholarly journals DUS(Soil)—A Framework for Developing a Minimum Data Set of Soil Health Indicators and Management Guidelines for Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
P. M. Govindakrishnan ◽  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy ◽  
N. K. Krishna Kumar ◽  
F. Beggi ◽  
S. Bhaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Minimum Data Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Minimum Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Specific Management ◽  
Selection Of

Soil health information is still not widely used in decision making in agriculture. One of the reasons is the lack of a simple and effective method for selection of soil health indicators that have direct relevance to management decisions. A framework for soil health indicators selection and developing location-specific management practices that improve soil health are presented. The framework involves selection of a minimum data set of soil health indicators based on ‘DUS(Soil)’ criteria. In this framework ‘D’ represents Distinctness (indicators representing distinct functional soil processes), ‘U’ represents Utility (amenability for amelioration of the status of the indicator or altering its impact through management practices) and ‘S’ represents Simplicity (amenability for measurement in the field/small laboratories using simple protocols). This study also outlines a method for developing management guidelines for farmers based on the status of the selected soil health indicators. This involved classifying the status of each of the indicators into three classes. Thereafter, taking cognizance of the agroecological context, suitable field management schedules were developed for each class of the indicators, based on literature and local expert knowledge. The use of this framework was demonstrated by developing management guidelines for a coarse textured soil with optimum pH, low soil carbon, poor in water stable aggregates (highly slaking), optimum porosity and poor in soil macro fauna in Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study showed that the framework is flexible, generic as well as simple and is useful to develop site-specific management guidelines logically, to overcome the soil quality constraints.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

Pengaruh Persepsi Kegunaan, Persepsi Kemudahan, Kecepatan, Keamanan 75 dan Kerahasiaan Serta Kesiapan Teknologi Informasi Wajib Pajak terhadap Penggunaan e-Filing Bagi Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Di Kota Tangerang, Kecamatan Karawaci

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Devina ◽  
Waluyo Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this research was to examine the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, speed, security and privacy and readiness technology tax payers information to e-Filing usage. The object of this study is the individual tax payers in Tangerang City, Karawaci District. The selection of the sample is determined based on convenience sampling method. Data used in this study was primary data, id est: questionnaires. The respondent in this study were 110. Data analysis technique in this study using multiple linear regression. The result of this study were (1) perceived usefulness have a significant impact towards e-Filing usage; (2) perceived ease of use have a significant impact towards e-Filing usage; (3) speed does not have a significant impact towards e-Filing usage; (4) security and privacy does not have a significant impact towards e-Filing usage; (5) readiness technology tax payers information does not have a significant impact towards e-Filing usage; (6) perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, speed, security and privacy and readiness technology tax payers information all simultaneously, have a significant impact towards e-Filing usage. Keywords: e-Filing usage, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, readiness technology tax payers information, security and privacy.

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