scholarly journals Potential of non-fumigant nematicides at different formulations against southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Khalil ◽  
Abdulqawi A. A. Alqadasi
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Currently, plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) especially root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. have been found involved in the global losses of tomato crops. The most employed tactic for managing PPN in Africa is non-fumigant nematicides. Recently, in Egypt abamectin was recorded as a new tool to control PPN. Thus, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of abamectin and certain non-fumigant nematicides namely; oxamyl and ethoprophos at two different formulations (granular and liquid) against southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Results revealed the granular formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl, in addition to abamectin, showed the same significance (P≤0.05) in suppressing tomato soil population and root galls of M. incognita, during both experiments. However, liquid formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl gave relatively less decreasing in soil population and root galls. On the other hand, all applied treatments improved plant growth criteria ranging from 36.92 to 126.44% in shoot dry weight and from 31.25 to 137.50% in root dry weight for both experiments.

scholarly journals Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iis Nur Asyiah ◽  
JEKTI PRIHATIN ◽  
Ahda Dwi Hastuti ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Lenny Widjayanthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Abstract. Asyiah IN, Prihatin J, Hastuti AD, Winarso S, Widjayanthi L, Nugroho D, Firmansyah K, Pradana AP. 2021. Cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3256-3264. The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. can infect and cause loss production in various horticultural plants, including tomatoes. In the previous study, we found 3 endophytic bacteria isolates and 1 rhizobacterium isolate that could control several plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, we formulated these bionematicide isolates with cheap and environmentally friendly organic materials. The formula was fortified using several organic matters, vitamin sources, protein sources, and sugar sources. The research was conducted in an experimental land with a history of severe root-knot nematode infection. The analysis showed that there were 63.7 J2 Meloidogyne spp. per 100 ml of soil on the experimental land. The application was given at a time interval of 2 weeks at the concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, with a dose of 100 ml per plant. As a negative control, the plant did not give any treatments, and as a positive control, the plant was given 5 g carbofuran per plant. The results revealed that treatment with 2% bionematicide formula concentration showed the best consistent result. This treatment increased canopy wet weight by 38.63% and root dry weight by 106.97% compared to negative control. The P4 treatment was also found effective to increase fruit weight by 33.61% and fruit diameter by 26.16% as compared to negative control. Increased plant growth in P4 treatment was closely related to the total of root-knot suppression and root damage intensity. In the P4 treatment, the total of root-knots and root damage intensities was 44.83% and 32.66%, respectively, compared to the negative control. This suppression also occurred in the nematode population and nematode eggs. In the P4 treatment, the total of Meloidogyne spp. J2 in soil and root was lower by 60.74% and 66.24%, respectively, compared to the negative control. A similar phenomenon also occurred in the total of eggs, which was 79.40% lower than the total of eggs in the negative control. This study provides the latest information about a cost-effective bacteria-based bionematicide formula, which is effective in suppressing Meloidogyne spp. infection in tomato, and promotes the growth and development tomato plant.

scholarly journals Construction of artificial microRNA expression vectors for inhibition of Minc16281 gene in root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Phong V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Effectors have been identified to play a very important role in the parasitism of plant-parasitic nematode. To cope with this type of pathogen, many approaches of silencing genes encoding for effectors have been studied and promise to be an effective tool to create plant varieties resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, the Minc16281 gene encoding a pioneer effector with unknown function was determined and cloned from a Meloidogyne incognita population isolated from soybean field (ID: MH315945.1). The nucleotide sequence of this gene showed 97% identity to its homolog in GenBank (ID: JK287445.1) used as the control strain in our research. To generate host-induced gene silencing constructs which can potentially silence the expression of Minc16281 gene, two artificial microRNAs were synthesized based on the miR319a structure of Arabidopsis thaliana and inserted into an expression vector in soybean. These microRNAs can be introduced into soybean to investigate the function of Minc16281 on parasitism of root-knot nematode.

scholarly journals Exoskeleton of shrimp to control the nematode nodulator, Meloidogyne incognita, in tomato in the greenhouse

1969 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Julio Lara-Mártez ◽  
Nelia Acosta ◽  
Nydia Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shrimp Shell

A soil amendment of shrimp shell at dosages of 2 and 4% (v/v) applied 25, 30 and 35 days before planting reduced damage to tomatoes caused by Meloidogyne incognita, decreasing root galling and increasing height and dry weight of plants. The 4% dosage applied 30 or 35 days before planting increased shoot dry weight of tomato plants grown on nematode infested soil in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Use of organic amendments in the management of root-knot nematode in lettuce

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R Dias-Arieira ◽  
Danielle Mattei ◽  
Heriksen H Puerari ◽  
Regina CF Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Crambe Meal ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are among the most important parasites of the lettuce crop. Managing these organisms is difficult due to limitations in genetic (use of resistant cultivars) and chemical control. Thus, new practices should be sought to reduce their reproduction. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of organic amendments in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in lettuce. At first, tomato plants were inoculated to establish an initial population in the soil. After 60 days, the aerial part was discarded, and the lettuce seedlings were transplanted into pots. Two days after transplanting, the treatments bokashi, crambe cake, whey protein, cottonseed composted and shredded wood chip composted were applied at 20 g or 20 mL per pot. Water was applied as control treatment. After 70 days, bokashi and crambe meal reduced the number of eggs/g of root and promoted plant growth. Results obtained with whey protein, cottonseed meal and composted shredded wood chip did not differ from those obtained with the control treatment. Bokashi and crambe cake are effective in the M. incognita control under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Control of root-knot disease of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) by the application of leaf extracts of certain medicinal plants 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Hussain Shah ◽  
Abdul Rashid Dar ◽  
Irfana Amin Qureshi ◽  
Afroza Akhter ◽  
Mohammad Rafiq Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Microscopic plant parasitic nematodes are round worms that feed on plants and damage them. The most common and serious amongst the nematodes is the root-knot nematode found throughout the country with a very wide host range of cultivated crops. Brinjal (Solanum melongena) crop yield is considerably reduced by root-knot nematodes particularly Meloidogyne incognita. Root-galls of brinjal caused by Meloidogyne incognita can be controlled effectively by using the bio-agents and botanicals which in turn increases the yield and plant growth. Present study explored the effect of leaf extracts of certain plants on the root-knot development, plant growth and nematode multiplication in pot experiments. Extract treated and nematode inoculated plants showed improvement on growth over untreated inoculated plants and reduced the disease development. Five (viz., margosa, marigold, datura, hemp and tobacco) leaf extracts, irrespective of concentration, apparently induced tolerance in inoculated plants as evidenced by better plant growth in comparison to control and suppressed the multiplication of nematode which resulted in low root-knot index. Margosa (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract suppressed the nematode multiplication, reduced root galling and improved the plant growth of inoculated plants. Margosa and marigold (Tagetes erecta) leaf extracts were found more effective in controlling the root-knot development than the leaf extracts of hemp (Cannabis sativa), datura (Datura metel) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Higher concentrations (20 ml/plant) of leaf extracts were found to be more effective in controlling the root knot development. Based on our observations, it may be concluded that margosa or marigold extract treatment of brinjal seedlings prior to transplantation can avoid severe damage by suppressing the nematode multiplication and inducing the tolerance in treated inoculated plants.

scholarly journals Studies on effect of gold nanoparticles onMeloidogyne incognitaand tomato plants growth and development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Kant Thakur ◽  
Babita Dhirta ◽  
Poonam Shirkot
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractThe plant parasitic nematodes are one of world major agricultural pest, causing in excess of 157 billion dollars in worldwide damage annually. This study has provided evidence that gold nanoparticles have great utility for management of root-knot nematodes in tomato crop. The effect of gold nanoparticles onMeloidogyne incognitaJ2 was remarkable under the direct exposure in water, after three hours of incubation of Meloidogyne incognita with GNPs showed the 100% mortality. The lesser survival rate ofMeloidogyne incognitain soil treatment showed the strong nematicidal effect of gold nanoparticles. Subsequently, the pot experiment had shown the beneficial effects of gold nanoparticles for intensively managing the root-knot nematode. The Pot experiment not only showed us that GNPs were lethal to root-knot nematodes were also induces growth of tomato plants and didn’t have any kind of negative impact on plant growth. In our study, GNPs were found to be safe and lethal to Meloidogyne incognita.

Nematicidal activity of the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Djaafar Babaali ◽  
Johannes Roeb ◽  
Sabri Zaidat ◽  
Bouchra Reguige ◽  
Miloud Hammache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Hyoscyamine And Scopolamine

Summary Alkaloids and alkaloid-producing plants have the potential to reduce crop damage by plant-parasitic nematodes. In a series of in vitro experiments, the nematicidal activity of the tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine and scopolamine, and a mixture of both on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, was tested. Solutions of 16 mg of compound per ml of solvent were used in concentrations of 80-1280 μg ml−1 of water. Inactivity of second-stage juveniles of M. incognita increased with increasing concentration and exposure time. Lethal concentrations (LC50) after 120 min of exposure ranged from 182.4 μg ml−1 for scopolamine to 318.4 μg ml−1 for hyoscyamine and 332.8 μg ml−1 for the combination of both alkaloids. Similarly, the same concentrations of scopolamine inhibited hatching of M. incognita to a greater extent than hyoscyamine. In a glasshouse experiment, M. incognita was not able to penetrate the roots, induce galls and reproduce on Datura stramonium, D. innoxia and D. tatula. Results indicate that the tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine contained in Datura plants express a strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita and could possibly be used for an alternative and sustainable nematode management.

Responses of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita to exogenously applied neuromodulators

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Masler
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Movement Frequency ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractBiogenic amines regulate important behaviours in nematodes and are associated with pharyngeal activity in plant-parasitic nematodes. A robust behavioural assay based upon nematode body movements was developed to expand the study of these and other neuroregulators in plant-parasitic nematodes. Dopamine, octopamine and serotonin each had significant but differing effects on the behaviour of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Body movement frequency was increased twofold in H.glycines by 5 mM dopamine (P = 0.0001), but decreased by 50 mM dopamine in H. glycines (88%) and M. incognita (53%) (P <  0.0001). Movement frequency in both species was increased by 50–70% (P <  0.0001) by 50 mM octopamine, and 5 mM octopamine increased M. incognita movement frequency more than twofold (P <  0.0001). Movement frequency in each species was reduced by more than 90% by 5 mM serotonin (P <  0.0001). While amplitude of body movement in H. glycines was unaffected by any amine, it was significantly reduced in M.incognita by all amines (P <  0.0006). Stylet pulsing frequencies in either species were unaffected by dopamine or octopamine, but 5 mM serotonin stimulated pulsing in H. glycines by nearly 13-fold (P <  0.0001) and in M. incognita by more than 14-fold (P <  0.0001). The invertebrate neuropeptide FLRFamide (N-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe) increased M. incognita body movement frequency 45% (P = 0.02) at 1 mM but did not affect stylet activity. Finally, H. glycines egg hatch was completely suppressed by 50 mM serotonin, and partially suppressed by 50 mM dopamine (75%; P <  0.0001) and 50 mM octopamine (55%; P <  0.0001).

scholarly journals The potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. to control Meloidogyne spp. infection on tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Munif ◽  
Muhammad Nursalim ◽  
Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract. Munif A, Nursalim M, Pradana AP. 2021. The potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. to control Meloidogyne spp. infection on tomato plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3229-3236. The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the plant-parasitic nematodes that cause economical loss in the vegetable plantations in the world. The endophytic bacteria may act as a potential biological agent to control the plant-parasitic nematodes. The aim of this study was to explore the endophytic bacteria from Tagetes sp., which had a potential to control Meloidogyne spp. and act as growth promoter for tomato plants. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots and stems of Tagetes sp. and tissues were cultured on the tryptic soy agar (TSA) media. The endophytic bacterial isolates were selected using hypersensitive and blood agar tests to identify their biological safety. The selected endophytic bacteria were also assessed for growth promoter test in the tomato plants. The selected endophytic bacteria were assessed in vitro against the Meloidogyne spp. juvenile 2 and their effectiveness in suppressing the root-knot nematodes on tomato plants in greenhouse. The results showed that total of 184 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from the roots and stem of Tagetes sp. In hypersensitive and hemolytic tests, 78 and 36 isolates showed negative responses, respectively. Of the 36 isolates tested, it was found that 14 of them were able to promote the growth of tomato seedlings. In in vitro test, 14 endophytic bacteria showed 73-93% mortality rate of Meloidogyne spp J2. The results at greenhouse showed that 3 bacterial isolates, namely, AL21, AL44, and AL53 suppress the number of root-knot nematodes up to 50-74% and improve tomato plant growth by 32%. These results indicate that endophytic bacteria isolated from Tagetes sp. have the potential to act as biocontrol agents of parasitic nematodes and a plant growth promoter.

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