scholarly journals Studies on effect of gold nanoparticles onMeloidogyne incognitaand tomato plants growth and development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Kant Thakur ◽  
Babita Dhirta ◽  
Poonam Shirkot
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects

AbstractThe plant parasitic nematodes are one of world major agricultural pest, causing in excess of 157 billion dollars in worldwide damage annually. This study has provided evidence that gold nanoparticles have great utility for management of root-knot nematodes in tomato crop. The effect of gold nanoparticles onMeloidogyne incognitaJ2 was remarkable under the direct exposure in water, after three hours of incubation of Meloidogyne incognita with GNPs showed the 100% mortality. The lesser survival rate ofMeloidogyne incognitain soil treatment showed the strong nematicidal effect of gold nanoparticles. Subsequently, the pot experiment had shown the beneficial effects of gold nanoparticles for intensively managing the root-knot nematode. The Pot experiment not only showed us that GNPs were lethal to root-knot nematodes were also induces growth of tomato plants and didn’t have any kind of negative impact on plant growth. In our study, GNPs were found to be safe and lethal to Meloidogyne incognita.

Comparison of host recognition, invasion, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita on rice and tomato

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar K. Dutta ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Brian R. Kerry ◽  
Hari S. Gaur ◽  
Rosane H.C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots

AbstractThe rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola normally infects rice, wheat and several other graminaceous plants. Meloidogyne incognita is a serious pest of dicotyledonous crops, although it can infect and reproduce on some cereals. This paper demonstrates and compares host recognition, development and reproduction of these two species of root-knot nematodes on rice and tomato plants. Attraction bioassays in pluronic gel clearly showed that M. incognita preferred tomato roots to rice or mustard roots, whilst M. graminicola was more attracted towards rice compared with tomato or mustard roots. Based on the attraction data from this study, it can be hypothesised that either: i) the blend of attractants and repellents are different in good and poor hosts; or ii) relatively long-range attractants, together with shorter-range repellents, might affect nematode movement patterns. Some host specific attractants might also be involved. Meloidogyne incognita was able to invade and develop to adult female but did not produce eggs in rice roots. By contrast, M. graminicola developed and reproduced faster on both rice and tomato plants compared with M. incognita. Nevertheless, second-stage juveniles of both these root-knot nematodes showed a similar pattern of distribution inside the roots, preferring to accumulate at the root tips of rice or in the vascular cylinder and cortical region of tomato.

scholarly journals Potential of non-fumigant nematicides at different formulations against southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Khalil ◽  
Abdulqawi A. A. Alqadasi
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Currently, plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) especially root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. have been found involved in the global losses of tomato crops. The most employed tactic for managing PPN in Africa is non-fumigant nematicides. Recently, in Egypt abamectin was recorded as a new tool to control PPN. Thus, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of abamectin and certain non-fumigant nematicides namely; oxamyl and ethoprophos at two different formulations (granular and liquid) against southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Results revealed the granular formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl, in addition to abamectin, showed the same significance (P≤0.05) in suppressing tomato soil population and root galls of M. incognita, during both experiments. However, liquid formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl gave relatively less decreasing in soil population and root galls. On the other hand, all applied treatments improved plant growth criteria ranging from 36.92 to 126.44% in shoot dry weight and from 31.25 to 137.50% in root dry weight for both experiments.

scholarly journals Biocontrol agents in the management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Santana ◽  
Leonardo Levorato Freire ◽  
Bruno da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Mara Rúbia da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT: Recognized as prominent among the principal pests of tomato crop, the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) has generated much study with regards to control methods. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of biological products in decreasing the M. incognita population in tomato. Four experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Two of these experiments had the purpose to determine the efficiency of NemOut™ (Bacillus subtilis + B. licheniformis + Trichoderma longibrachiatum), and the other two to assess the efficiency of other different biological products in M. incognita management. Tomato plants of the cultivar Santa Cruz Kada Giant were inoculated using 2000 eggs and J2 of M. incognita. In the first two experiments doses corresponding to 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10kg ha-1 of NemOut™ were applied after inoculation. In the second study, the treatments consisted of the use of biological products containing different other biocontrol agents. Assessments were made at 45 and 65 days after inoculation (DAI) to evaluate plant height, fresh shoot and fresh root weigh, gall index and egg mass index, population density and reproduction factor (RF). The NemOut™ doses reduced the M. incognita population density and RF at 45 DAI. The agent Pochonia chlamydosporia showed greater efficiency in controlling M. incognita on tomato. Biological products and the different doses of NemOut™ had no influence on the tomato plant development.

Beneficial effects of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas mendocina for biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita with the endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Duponnois ◽  
Amadou M. BÂ ◽  
Thierry Mateille
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Pseudomonas Mendocina ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Native Strains

Abstract Two rhizosphere bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas mendocina, were isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in a soil heavily infested with both root-knot nematodes and the parasitoid endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans. Bacteria E. cloacae and P. mendocina stimulated plant growth, inhibited the reproduction of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and increased the attachment of the endospores of P. penetrans on the nematodes in vitro. E. cloacae significantly increased the reproduction of P. penetrans in plant roots. Consequently, the introduction of such bacteria in soils, or cultural practices aimed to increase the activity of native strains of these bacteria, could greatly contribute to the efficiency of nematode biocontrol with P. penetrans. Stimulation de l'activite antagoniste de Pasteuria penetrans envers Meloidogyne incognita par Enterobacter cloacae et Pseudomonas mendocina - Deux bacteries rhizospheriques, Enterobacter cloacae et Pseudomonas mendocina, ont ete isolees a partir de la rhizosphere de plants de tomate preleves dans un sol tres infeste par des nematodes a galles et l'actinomycete Pasteuria penetrans. Les deux souches bacteriennes ont stimule la croissance de la plante, inhibe le developpement du nematode Meloidogyne incognita et augmente in vitro l'attachement des spores de P. penetrans sur la cuticule des nematodes. E. cloacae a significativement stimule la multiplication de P. penetrans dans les racines. En consequence, l'utilisation de telles bacteries pourrait ameliorer de maniere importante l'efficacite de P. penetrans contre les nematodes du genre Meloidogyne.

scholarly journals Systemically Induced Resistance and Microbial Competitive Exclusion: Implications on Biological Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinuz ◽  
A. Schouten ◽  
R. A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Induce Resistance

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is among the most damaging agricultural pests, particularly to tomato. The mutualistic endophytes Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo162 (Fo162) and Rhizobium etli strain G12 (G12) have been shown to systemically induce resistance toward M. incognita. By using triple-split-root tomato plants, spatially separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in M. incognita infection. More importantly, spatially separated inoculation of Fo162 and G12 led to a reduction in Fo162 root colonization of 35 and 39% when G12 was inoculated on a separate root section of the same plant in two independent experiments. In an additional split-root experiment, spatial separation of Fo162 and G12 resulted in a reduction of Fo162 root colonization of approximately 50% over the water controls in two independent experiments. The results suggested that the suppressive activity of G12 on Fo162 and M. incognita is possibly related to the induction of specific plant defense mechanisms. Thus, although Fo162 and G12 have the ability to systemically repress M. incognita infection in tomato, they can be considered incompatible biocontrol agents when both organisms are present simultaneously on the same root system.

scholarly journals Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thligene ◽  
G. N. Mezzapesa ◽  
D. Mondelli ◽  
A. Trani ◽  
P. Veronico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Spent Grain

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

scholarly journals Genome expression dynamics reveals parasitism regulatory landscape of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and a promoter motif associated with effector genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Da Rocha ◽  
Caroline Bournaud ◽  
Julie Dazeniere ◽  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Clement Pellegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Root-knot nematodes are the major contributor to the crop losses caused by nematodes. Root-knot nematodes secrete effectors into the plant, derived from two sets of pharyngeal gland cells, to manipulate host physiology and immunity. Successful completion of the life cycle, involving successive molts from egg to adult, covers morphologically and functionally distinct stages and will require precise control of gene expression, including effectors. The details of how root-knot nematodes regulate transcription remain sparse. Here, we report a life stage-specific transcriptome of Meloidogyne incognita. Combined with an available annotated genome, we explore the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. We reveal gene expression clusters and predicted functions that accompany the major developmental transitions. Focusing on effectors, we identify a putative cis-regulatory motif associated with expression in the dorsal glands: providing an insight into effector regulation. We combine the presence of this motif with several other criteria to predict a novel set of putative dorsal gland effectors. Finally, we show this motif, and thereby its utility, is broadly conserved across the Meloidogyne genus and termed it Mel-DOG. Taken together, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of spatio-temporal gene expression in a root-knot nematode, and identify a new set of candidate effector genes that will guide future functional analyses.

Single pass cDNA sequencing - a powerful tool to analyse gene expression in preparasitic juveniles of the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Bakker ◽  
Fred Gommers ◽  
Geert Smant ◽  
Pierre Abad ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode

AbstractExpressed sequence tags (EST) have been widely used to assist in gene discovery in various organisms (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens). In this paper we describe an EST project, which aims to investigate gene expression in Meloidogyne incognita at the onset of parasitism. Approximately 1000 5′-end sequence tags were produced from a cDNA library made of freshly hatched preparasitic second stage juveniles (J2). The EST were identified in the primary transformants of the cDNA library, and assigned to nine different functional groups, including (candidate) parasitism genes. A large fraction of the EST (45%) did not have a putative homologue in public databases. Sixty five percent of the EST that could be clustered into a functional group had putative homologues in other nematode species. EST were found for virtually all parasitism related genes that have been cloned from M. incognita to date. In addition, several novel genes were tagged, including a xylanase and a chitinase gene. The efficiency of EST projects, which produce sequence data for thousands of genes in months time without any difficult pre-selections of mRNA pools, makes random sequencing cDNA libraries a superior method to identify candidates for parasitism related genes in plant-parasitic nematodes. The sequences in this paper are retrievable from Genbank with the accession numbers BE191640 to BE191741, BE217592 to BE217720, BE225324 to BE225598, BE238852 to BE239221, and BE240829 to BE240865.

scholarly journals Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexi Wang ◽  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Tuya Gegen ◽  
Kozue Sawada ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Biogas Digestate

This study investigated the effects of biogas digestate application to soil with rice straw on nitrate leaching potential and nematicidal activity toward root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. The following seven treatments were set up: (i) control (CONT); (ii) chemical fertilizer (CF); (iii) wet biogas digestate derived from pig manure (WBD); (iv) and (v) dry biogas digestate derived from a mixture of pig manure and rice straw at an initial C/N ratio of 20 and 30 (DBD20 and DBD30); (vi) and (vii) DBD20 mixed with rice straw to adjust the C/N ratio to 16 (Mix1) and 30 (Mix2), respectively. The application rate of CF and digestates was adjusted to 200 mg N kg−1 soil based on the inorganic ammonium nitrogen contents. Nitrate contents readily increased in all the treatments with incubation, except for Mix2, and those at day 90 were decreased with increasing initial labile C contents. Garden balsam was grown as a test plant for root-knot nematodes using the soils at day 90 and the results showed that the gall index was significantly lower in Mix2 and Mix1 than in CF. These results suggest that dry digestate mixed with rice straw might have potential for lower nitrate leaching and nematicidal properties.

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