scholarly journals Use of organic amendments in the management of root-knot nematode in lettuce

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R Dias-Arieira ◽  
Danielle Mattei ◽  
Heriksen H Puerari ◽  
Regina CF Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Crambe Meal ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are among the most important parasites of the lettuce crop. Managing these organisms is difficult due to limitations in genetic (use of resistant cultivars) and chemical control. Thus, new practices should be sought to reduce their reproduction. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of organic amendments in the control of Meloidogyne incognita in lettuce. At first, tomato plants were inoculated to establish an initial population in the soil. After 60 days, the aerial part was discarded, and the lettuce seedlings were transplanted into pots. Two days after transplanting, the treatments bokashi, crambe cake, whey protein, cottonseed composted and shredded wood chip composted were applied at 20 g or 20 mL per pot. Water was applied as control treatment. After 70 days, bokashi and crambe meal reduced the number of eggs/g of root and promoted plant growth. Results obtained with whey protein, cottonseed meal and composted shredded wood chip did not differ from those obtained with the control treatment. Bokashi and crambe cake are effective in the M. incognita control under controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Potential of non-fumigant nematicides at different formulations against southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Khalil ◽  
Abdulqawi A. A. Alqadasi
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Currently, plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) especially root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. have been found involved in the global losses of tomato crops. The most employed tactic for managing PPN in Africa is non-fumigant nematicides. Recently, in Egypt abamectin was recorded as a new tool to control PPN. Thus, two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of abamectin and certain non-fumigant nematicides namely; oxamyl and ethoprophos at two different formulations (granular and liquid) against southern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Results revealed the granular formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl, in addition to abamectin, showed the same significance (P≤0.05) in suppressing tomato soil population and root galls of M. incognita, during both experiments. However, liquid formulations of ethoprophos and oxamyl gave relatively less decreasing in soil population and root galls. On the other hand, all applied treatments improved plant growth criteria ranging from 36.92 to 126.44% in shoot dry weight and from 31.25 to 137.50% in root dry weight for both experiments.

scholarly journals Systemically Induced Resistance and Microbial Competitive Exclusion: Implications on Biological Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinuz ◽  
A. Schouten ◽  
R. A. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Induce Resistance

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is among the most damaging agricultural pests, particularly to tomato. The mutualistic endophytes Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo162 (Fo162) and Rhizobium etli strain G12 (G12) have been shown to systemically induce resistance toward M. incognita. By using triple-split-root tomato plants, spatially separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in M. incognita infection. More importantly, spatially separated inoculation of Fo162 and G12 led to a reduction in Fo162 root colonization of 35 and 39% when G12 was inoculated on a separate root section of the same plant in two independent experiments. In an additional split-root experiment, spatial separation of Fo162 and G12 resulted in a reduction of Fo162 root colonization of approximately 50% over the water controls in two independent experiments. The results suggested that the suppressive activity of G12 on Fo162 and M. incognita is possibly related to the induction of specific plant defense mechanisms. Thus, although Fo162 and G12 have the ability to systemically repress M. incognita infection in tomato, they can be considered incompatible biocontrol agents when both organisms are present simultaneously on the same root system.

scholarly journals Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khallouk ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
Joël Polidori ◽  
Cyril Van Ghelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Prunus Spp

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession ‘P.2175’, which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × [‘Garfi’ almond × ‘Nemared’ peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.

scholarly journals Effect of coffee silver skin and brewers’ spent grain in the control of root-knot nematodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thligene ◽  
G. N. Mezzapesa ◽  
D. Mondelli ◽  
A. Trani ◽  
P. Veronico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Spent Grain

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

Comparison of host recognition, invasion, development and reproduction of Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita on rice and tomato

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar K. Dutta ◽  
Stephen J. Powers ◽  
Brian R. Kerry ◽  
Hari S. Gaur ◽  
Rosane H.C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots

AbstractThe rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola normally infects rice, wheat and several other graminaceous plants. Meloidogyne incognita is a serious pest of dicotyledonous crops, although it can infect and reproduce on some cereals. This paper demonstrates and compares host recognition, development and reproduction of these two species of root-knot nematodes on rice and tomato plants. Attraction bioassays in pluronic gel clearly showed that M. incognita preferred tomato roots to rice or mustard roots, whilst M. graminicola was more attracted towards rice compared with tomato or mustard roots. Based on the attraction data from this study, it can be hypothesised that either: i) the blend of attractants and repellents are different in good and poor hosts; or ii) relatively long-range attractants, together with shorter-range repellents, might affect nematode movement patterns. Some host specific attractants might also be involved. Meloidogyne incognita was able to invade and develop to adult female but did not produce eggs in rice roots. By contrast, M. graminicola developed and reproduced faster on both rice and tomato plants compared with M. incognita. Nevertheless, second-stage juveniles of both these root-knot nematodes showed a similar pattern of distribution inside the roots, preferring to accumulate at the root tips of rice or in the vascular cylinder and cortical region of tomato.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS WITH MICROELEMENTS ON ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE INFESTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Udalova ◽  
Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Selenium (Se), silicon (Si) and nickel (Ni) are essential microelements in plants. Their deficiency can have a significant impact on the growth and development of plants, and on nematode infestation. The study of the possibility of regulating the interaction of plants with root-knot nematode by means of exogenous foliar treatments with solutions of nanosized Se, Si and Ni has been conducted. Susceptible tomato plants were treated in the seed phase and the growing plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of nanosized microelements (Se – 0.6; Ni – 0.1; Si – 2 mg/l). The influence of treatments on the infestation of tomatoes by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, as well as on the development of plants and the quantitative and qualitative composition of photosynthetic pigments, as the most sensitive indicator of the pathological state of plants, was studied. A decrease in the infestation of tomatoes with a nematode in the Se<Si<Ni series is shown. The treated plants were dominated by larvae. An increase in the entire pool of photosynthetic pigments or individual pigments was observed when treated with nanosized microelements. The greatest effect on the infestation of the root system, the development of nematodes and the content of photosynthetic pigments was obtained when plants were treated with nanosized nickel. It is obvious that these elements have an individual metabolic effect on plant tissues, but it is obvious that they have a beneficial effect on tomato plants, which allows us to consider them as inductors that increase resistance to root-knot nematode.

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