scholarly journals Acute effect of COVID-19 pandemic on urological consultations and urological surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Çağlar Çakıcı ◽  
Ayberk İplikçi ◽  
Özgür Efiloğlu ◽  
Gökhan Atış ◽  
Asıf Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Urological Surgery ◽  
First Case ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly affected the clinical functioning of all sub-specialties, including urology. Clinicians have also been affected by this sudden chaotic process to a certain extent. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pandemic period on urological consultations and urological surgery in the acute phase of our country. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was designed after the approval of our hospital’s local ethics committee (decision number dated 22.07.2020: 2020/0458) was obtained. In the first 4 weeks after the first case in our country, the data of the patients who were consulted to the Urology clinic from the emergency service and other clinics in our hospital, which is a tertiary healthcare facility (Group 1), and patients in the same period of 2019 (group 2) were retrospectively collected. The demographic characteristics of the patients, specific triage evaluations for the pandemic, reasons for consultation and results were analyzed in detail. Results: Of the total 377 patients, 123 (32.6%) were in Group 1, and 254 (67.4%) were in Group 2. While there was a similar distribution in the number of weekly consultations in group 2, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the second and third weeks in Group 1 and an increase in the fourth week (p = 0.025). Ninety-three patients (75.6%) in Group 1 and 180 patients (70.9%) in Group 2 were consulted from the emergency service (p = 0.116). The two most common reasons for consultation were urinary infections and urolithiasis in Group 1; urolithiasis and hematuria in Group 2 (p = 0.027). While the rate of urological surgical intervention was 24.4% in Group 1; it was 37.8% in Group 2 (p = 0.010). Conclusion: The difficulty of the COVID-19 outbreak for clinicians has been to strike a balance between providing the most appropriate treatment while avoiding contamination for themselves and their patients. This balance in urology practice has emerged as a decrease in the rate of consultations resulting in surgery. Keywords: consultation, coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic, urological surgery

Acute effect of salmon calcitonin on renal magnesium transport in the magnesium-loaded rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Magnesium Excretion ◽  
Tubule Fluid ◽  
Group 1

The present studies were undertaken to examine whether salmon calcitonin, by increasing magnesium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb, and presumably the tubulointerstitial magnesium concentration gradient, would lead to an increase in fractional magnesium delivery to the end-descending limb (magnesium secretion) in magnesium-loaded rats. Thyroparathyroidectomized, postprandial Munich–Wistar rats were prepared for micropuncture of papillary end-descending limbs and of superficial end-accessible proximal tubules. Group 1 served as clonidine–water diuresis time controls; group 2 was treated as group 1 but also received synthetic salmon calcitonin (10 mU/min); and group 3 was treated as group 2 but also received calcium chloride intravenously. Calcitonin, alone or with calcium, produced a significant fall in fractional magnesium excretion. A significant relationship was also observed between fractional magnesium excretion and urine flow rate (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Calcitonin did not modify fractional magnesium delivery to the end-descending limb. A highly significant relationship was observed between tubule fluid-to-ultrafiltrate magnesium ratio and tubule fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Within each group, fractional magnesium delivery to the end-descending limb was similar to the corresponding value in the superficial end-accessible proximal tubule. Our results suggest that despite intense magnesium reabsorption, presumably in the thick ascending limb, magnesium secretion does not occur in the juxtameduilary pars recta and (or) thin descending limb.

scholarly journals Influence of the Рriorix vaccination on cytokine profile and IgE level in healthy children and patients with atopic dermatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
A P Toptygina ◽  
V A Alioshkin
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type Response ◽  
Group 1

Background. The aim of the study was to investigate peculiarities of immune responses on the vaccination with Priorix in healthy children and patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Thirty five healthy children aged 1-2 years old (Group 1) and 15 children the same age with atopic dermatitis (Group 2) were vaccinated with Priorix. Serum level of IgE was measured by ELISA, and serum concentrations of 7 cytokines: IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured by BioPlex technology before vaccination, 7 days, and 30 days after. Serum level of IgE was measured by ELISA. Results. The level of serum IgE relatively decreased or increased on seventh day after vaccination. In a month IgE level returned back. It was found that in group1 51,4% children demonstrated Th1 type response and 48,6% children showed Th2 type response on the vaccination. Similar distribution was obtained in group 2 (53,3% children showed Th1 type response and 46,7% children demonstrated Th2 type). A significant positive correlation was observed between IgE level increasing and Th2 type of immune response. It was shown that 68,6% of children of group 1 and 66,7% of children of group 2 demonstrated after vaccination the superiority of anti-inflammatory IL-10 over pro-inflammatory TNF-α. We suppose that children with atopic dermatitis can be vaccinated with Priorix.

scholarly journals Serological and parasitological study and report of the first case of human babesiosis in Colombia

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ríos ◽  
Gonzalo Alvarez ◽  
Silvia Blair
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Parasitological Study ◽  
Human Babesiosis ◽  
Group 1

A study on the presence of Babesia in humans was performed in Puerto Berrío (Latitude 6.50deg. Longitude: -74.38deg. River: Magdalena. Area: 74.410km², Colombia-South America). Indirect immunofluorescence, thin and thick blood smears were used to study 194 individuals. Patients were grouped according to their risk-factors for Babesia infection: (group 1) individuals with fever, chills, sweating and other malaria-type symptoms; (group 2) symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals from local cattle ranches, which were enrolled in an active form, and (group 3) workers from the local slaughterhouse. Seven individuals were serologically positive for Babesia: Three individuals presented IgM antibodies against B. bovis, while one had IgG against this species; one individual had IgM against B. bigemina, another had IgG and a third both IgM and IgG against this species. Only one individual was parasitologically positive for Babesiaand serologically positive for Babesia bovis (IgM 1:64)

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory features of acute intestinal infections with hyemocolitis syndrome in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
O. I. Klimova ◽  
N. V. Gonchar ◽  
L. A. Alekseeva ◽  
Yu. V. Lobzin
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Group 1

The acute intestinal infections (AII) with a haemocolitis syndrome represent group of a serious illness at children that defines relevance of studying of their etiology and pathogenesis. The purpose of the work is to study the clinical and laboratory features of AII with hemocolitis syndrome depending on the etiology and complications. Materials and methods. Observed 77 patients of AII aged from 3 months up to 16 years. The etiological diagnosis verified using bacteriological and PCR studies of feces with AmpliSens® OKA screen-FL reagents and serological methods. Hemocolitis syndrome was observed in all patients. Patients with AII of a clarified etiology formed group 1 (n = 59), with AII of unclarified etiology – group 2 (n = 18). Intercurrent diseases were detected as non-specific complications of acute intestinal infections: respiratory (RI) and urinary infections (UI). AII severity was determined by the Clarke-index, the severity of dehydration – according to the WHO clinical scale. To evaluate the data of a research, the Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. Results. There was a difference in the age of children in group 1 (3.9 ± 4.2 g) and group 2 (2.2 ± 2.6 g; p = 0.03) and in the frequency of complications: RI is diagnosed in group 1 for 54.5% of children, in group 2 for 83.3% (p=0.001); UI – at 45.5% and 16.7% respectively (p=0.03). In complicated course of AII, macroscopic signs of hemocolitis and inflammatory changes in the hemogram with the inclusion of platelet hemostasis in group 1 observed significantly more often than in group 2. In children of group 1, with uncomplicated acute intestinal infections, there was a significant correlation of signs of inflammation with dehydration and a higher severity of the disease according to the Clarke-index than with a complicated course. Conclusion. The age of children with AII of a clarified etiology was 3.9 ± 0.6 years, with AII of an unclarified etiology – 2.2 ± 0.6 years. AII of a clarified etiology preceded more hard, than AII of unclarified etiology. Complicated course of AII with hemocolitis syndrome characterized by expressiveness of signs of the local and system inflammatory answer.

scholarly journals Is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease An Independent Risk Factor For Coronary and Peripheral Atherosclerosis In Heavy Smokers?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angélica Pires Ferreira ◽  
Leila Beltrami Moreira ◽  
Felipe Soares Torres ◽  
Marli Maria Knorst
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Heavy Smokers ◽  
Group 1

Abstract BACKGROUNDThere is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); sharing of risk factors could not be the only cause of the association.OBJECTIVESTo verify whether coronary atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease are independently associated with COPD in heavy smokers. We also investigated whether inflammation and poor lung function were related with atherosclerosis findings.METHODSHeavy smokers (≥ 20 pack-years) with COPD (group 1) or normal spirometry (group 2) were recruited. Clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were obtained. Main interest variables were prevalence of CCS > 75th percentile (P75), and rates of ABI < 0,9 by Doppler ultrasound. CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham risk score. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured, and lung function was assessed by spirometry. Differences between groups were compared using parametric and nonparametric tests as adequate.RESULTSWere included 87 patients, 49 with COPD (group 1). The mean ± SD age was 57.2 ± 6.0 years (58.7 ± 5.1 in group 1, 55.2 ± 6.6 in group 2, p=0.006). The mean FEV 1 % was 45.8 ± 17.24 vs. 91.7 ± 15.9 in groups 1 and 2, respectively; p<0.05. The mean smoking index was 48.6 ± 25.4, higher in the COPD group (p=0.037). Stratification by Framingham score yielded a similar distribution in both groups. The frequency of patients with CCS > P75 was 55% vs. 66% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.823); ABI <9.0 ocurred in 6,3% vs 2,6%, respectivelly ( p=0.555) . CCS and ABI were not associated to FEV 1 %. CRP was inversely associated with VEF 1 ( r s= -0.419; p<0.001), but unrelated to CCS ( r s= 0.136; p=0.265) and ABI ( r s= -0.51; p=0.677).CONCLUSIONSThe studied coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis markers were similar between heavy smokers with COPD and those with normal spirometry. Nor serum CRP neither poor lung function related to CCS or ABI. Our results suggest absence of a independent association between COPD and atherosclerosis.

Acute effect of cyclosporin on inner medullary blood flow in normal and postischemic rat kidney

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. F1139-F1144
Author(s):  
Y. Yagil
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow ◽  
Vasa Recta ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Acute cyclosporin A (CysA) nephrotoxicity has been attributed to intrarenal vasoconstriction. It has been previously demonstrated that CysA decreases whole kidney and cortical blood flow. The effect of CysA on medullary blood flow has not been adequately studied, despite the high susceptibility of structures in the renal medulla to ischemia and the common use of CysA after the kidney is subjected to transient ischemia. To determine its effects on medullary blood flow in the normal and postischemic kidney, CysA was administered acutely in anesthetized Munich-Wistar rats at doses ranging from 4 to 20 mg/kg. Total renal blood flow (TRBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined in normal kidneys (group 1) by standard clearance techniques before and after infusion of CysA. In animals subjected to 40-min unilateral renal ischemia (group 2) TRBF was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Vasa recta blood flow was determined in both groups by fluorescence videomicroscopy. In group 1, infusion with 20 mg/kg CysA, but not with 4 or 8 mg/kg, increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) and decreased TRBF. GFR was not affected and filtration fraction increased. Vasa recta blood flow was not significantly altered. In group 2, 20 mg/kg CysA increased RVR and decreased TRBF. Vasa recta blood flow decreased significantly in the descending but not in the ascending vasa recta. These results suggest that, in the normal kidney, vasa recta blood flow in the renal medulla is not affected by acute administration of CysA, whereas in the postischemic kidney, CysA decreases blood flow preferentially in the descending vasa recta, in proportion to the decline in TRBF.

scholarly journals Growth of the lower spleen pole remaining after subtotal splenectomy in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Nagib Salomão Paulo ◽  
Bernardo Faria Ramos ◽  
Fernando Roberte Zanetti ◽  
Terezinha Marques ◽  
Luiz Cálice Cintra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Pole ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
First Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Subtotal Splenectomy ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To determine whether the lower pole of the spleen grows after subtotal splenectomy following ligature of major spleen blood vessels. METHODS: Thirty-nine Wistar rats (328.8 ± 27.8 g) submitted to subtotal splenectomy with preservation of the lower splenic pole were divided into two groups: group 1 (control, n=20), immediate removal of the lower pole; group 2 (n=19), removal of the pole on postoperative day 80. The length, width and thickness of the pole were measured. In the control group, mean percent pole weight was calculated immediately after surgery in a direct and indirect manner. In the first case, the weight of the lower pole was divided by overall spleen weight; in the second case, pole weight was divided by the ideal weight of the spleen obtained by linear regression analysis. The results of the two calculations were compared. Macro- and microscopic examinations of the pole were performed. RESULTS: In group 1, no significant difference in mean percent pole weight was observed between the direct and indirect method. In group 2, mean percent pole weight obtained by indirect calculation on day 80 was higher than in group 1 (p<0.001). In group 2, mean length, width and thickness of the pole remnant increased from the first to the 80th day (p<0.05). Histological analysis showed preserved tissue architecture and features compatible with cell hyperplasia in group 2. CONCLUSION: The lower pole splenic remnant presented statistically significant growth up to postoperative day 80 after subtotal splenectomy, even after ligature of the major spleen vessels. Light microscopy revealed changes compatible with cell hyperplasia.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

The influence of continuous local wound infusion on postoperative pain in patients undergoing transfemoral amputation

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Uhl ◽  
Thomas Betz ◽  
Andrea Rupp ◽  
Markus Steinbauer ◽  
Ingolf Töpel
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Postoperative Wound ◽  
Stump Pain ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. Summary: Background: This pilot study was set up to examine the effects of a continuous postoperative wound infusion system with a local anaesthetic on perioperative pain and the consumption of analgesics. Patients and methods: We included 42 patients in this prospective observational pilot study. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was treated in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol and in addition to that received a continuous local wound infusion treatment (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with analgesics in accordance with the WHO standard pain management protocol, exclusively. Results: The study demonstrated a significantly reduced postoperative VAS score for stump pain in Group 1 for the first 5 days. Furthermore, the intake of opiates was significantly reduced in Group 1 (day 1, Group 1: 42.1 vs. Group 2: 73.5, p = 0.010; day 2, Group 1: 27.7 vs. Group 2: 52.5, p = 0.012; day 3, Group 1: 23.9 vs. Group 2: 53.5, p = 0.002; day 4, Group 1: 15.7 vs. Group 2: 48.3, p = 0.003; day 5, Group 1 13.3 vs. Group 2: 49.9, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups, neither in phantom pain intensity at discharge nor postoperative complications and death. Conclusions: Continuous postoperative wound infusion with a local anaesthetic in combination with a standard pain management protocol can reduce both stump pain and opiate intake in patients who have undergone transfemoral amputation. Phantom pain was not significantly affected.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

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