scholarly journals The impact of ecological soil conditions on the radiation situation formation in the areas contaminated after the accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

2016 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
B. Prister ◽  
V. Pronevych
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Radioactive Pollution ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Impact

The features of formation radiation situation in agricultural production in the areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident were considered. On the basis of the summarized post-accident experience, assessment was made of the effectiveness of countermeasures to reduce the level of radioactive contamination of agricultural products. The current problems and scientific challenges to support agricultural production in the area of radioactive contamination in the remote period after the accident were formulated. It is shown that the use of modern technology and employing profitable agricultural production is the best way of rehabilitation contaminated areas. Natural processes of rehabilitation will not help to normalize the radiation situation theretore carrying out countermeasures in contaminated areas is vital. The developed technologies are the most effective which make it possible to carry out targeted countermeasures in individual households and small arrays. Monitoring the distribution of radioactive pollution, behavior of radionuclides in the related environment and forecast of their migration allows developing and implementing the most reasonable management decisions to improve the radioecological situation.

The impact of exchange rate on price and export of agricultural production

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Rasulov Tulkin Sattarovich ◽  
Khushvaktov Kuvonchbek Ravshanovich
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
International Trade Laws ◽  
The Impact

In today’s world of swiftly increasing global economy and continuously changing international trade laws and technology exchange rate plays a pivotal role in the production, price formation, export and import of agricultural products. For many years exchange rate as an integral part of agricultural economics has been ignored. The present study was intended to investigate exchange rate as an impacting factor on the agricultural production. It also considers the researches that have been carried about the impact of the exchange rate on prices and export of agricultural products, theirs analyses and how much impact it has in the situation of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of Schemes and Programmes of Government of India on Agriculture to Increase Productivity, Profitability, Financial Inclusion, and Welfare of Farmers to Transform them into Modern Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. M. ◽  
P. S. Aithal ◽  
Sharma K. R. S.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The foremost intent of this research article is to create awareness about various schemes for the productive sector of agriculture. Through this study, the level of performance of these agricultural schemes and programmes were analysed that will be helpful for the attainment of financial inclusion. Hence it is necessary to know about various schemes and their making to connect the beneficiaries. Agriculture is the basic source of food supply, production, processing, promotion and distribution. Agricultural products contribute to Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and generate employment in rural areas. They transform the lives of the farmers in modern society. The government of India has introduced Minimum Support Price (MPS), MIF, PMKSY, PMFBY, e-NAM, PM-KISAN, PMJDY, PM-KUSUM, PKVY, NAMS, and MGNREGS. The mobile app KisanSuvidha and innovative programmes like Kisan Rail, KrishiUdaan double the farmers’ Income (DFI). These help in transforming village economy, coverage of irrigation, crop insurance, and stabilizing the income. They also ensure financial support, flow of credit and Direct Benefit transfer of subsidies and funds to beneficiaries. Adopting modern technology, farm-based activity, poultry, dairy, forestry, beekeeping and with the support of SHGs which will directly impact productivity, profitability, financial inclusion, and the welfare of farmers in the 21st century and development of the country’s economy. Design/ methodology/approaches: This study is all about the theoretical concepts based on analysis of various schemes and interconnect. Findings and results: This study reveals that the effectiveness of various agricultural programs and also identifies the benefits and beneficiaries of these schemes. Under this research, various financial services, subsidies, funds released, online platform for agricultural products, funds for micro-irrigation, and so on benefits provided by the government of India were studied. Originality/value: Analysed the various schemes and compelled its beneficiaries and develop a modern to achieve financial inclusion and economic growth through the study. Type of Paper: Research Analysis.

Reference indicators enabling preliminary evaluations of the impact of radioactive releases on agricultural products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ferrucci ◽  
Chiara Telloli
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
The Impact

<p>After the release of high levels of radioactivity into the environment, one of the main concern relates the contamination foodstuffs. In some exposure scenarios the transfer of radionuclides through the food chain to consumers represents a major contribution to human dose. Therefore an accurate estimation of radionuclide activity concentrations in agricultural products is crucial to evaluate the ingestion dose to the population consuming locally produced food. There are many mechanisms contributing to the radioacive contamination of agricultural products as interception, retention, absorption and translocation, due to mechanisms as deposition to the exposed plant surfaces, and/or root uptake. In the last decades several efforts have been spent in developing mathematical models to predict the potential transfers of radionuclides in plants and their concentration in the edible parts. Nevertheless the relative significance of each pathway depends on a large amount of variables and parameters that increase the complexity of the models, moreover the lack of expermental data, often limit the possibility to make any meaningful results. The main aspect that make difficult to predict the uptake of radionuclides by plants is the dynamic nature of the contamination scenarios due primarly to the the growing of plants. Nevertheless, there are some factors that can be considered as ‘static’ for each specific geographic area, and each specific radionuclide, as the soil characteristics, the type of crop, and the behavour of some radionuclides in the environment. In the framework of a preliminary safety assessment of a radioactive release scenario, these factors could be taken as reference indicators of the potential impact on the local human food chain radioactive contamination. In this work we focus on the analysis of the scientific literature pertaining to all experimntal studies in radionuclide plant uptake, from 2000 to 2020. The aims of this analysis is to collect set of some characteristics allowing to classify, in a macroscopic scale, specific reference indicators that most contribute to the radioactive contamination of agricultural products in different geographyc areas.</p>

scholarly journals Psychological status and coping behavior in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the remote period

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
M. V. Savelyeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. The large-scale accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant raised the problem of overcoming its economic, medical, social and psychological consequences. This is extremely important for liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences (LACs) with more than 15 different somatic diseases that reduce their quality of life and coping resources, negatively affect the psychological status, the effectiveness of treatment and medical rehabilitation.Intention. Assessment of psychological status and coping behavior in LACs in the remote period and justification of the need to provide them with psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance.Methodology. Using psychological tests, 101 LACs undergoing inpatient treatment for somatic pathology were examined. The psychological status (health, activity, mood; state and trait anxiety, the impact of a traumatic event) and coping strategies were assessed. The results were compared with a control group using the Student’s t-test for different-sized unrelated samples.Results and discussion. The features of the psychological status and coping behavior in LACs in the remote period are shown. Indicators of well-being, activity, mood are presented; state and trait anxiety, the impact of a traumatic event and coping strategies are comparatively assessed. The most significant markers of psychological disorders and maladaptive coping strategies are identifiedConclusion. The data presented in the article are an important basis for including psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance in the programs of specialized medical care for LACs in the inpatient settings within state guarantees of free medical care for citizens of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Radioecological safety of agricultural and forest ecosystems in the remote period after the accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

2016 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
O. Furdychko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Radiological Control

Enhancing the role of scientific providing of radiation monitoring in agrosphere in the remote period of the radiation situation development after nuclear and radiation accidents has been justified. Recent problems and challenges of scientific support of agricultural production in the zone of Chernobyl NPP accidental emissions radioactive contamination in a remote period after the accident have been formulated. Radiation and environmental aspects of agricultural raw materials production in the regions contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster have been reviewed. It has been substantiated that further improvement of the radiological situation is possible with implementation of countermeasures aimed at the production of radioactively safe agricultural products and a thorough radiological control at its all levels.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of the Long-Term Fallowed Land on Agricultural Soils and the Possibility of Their Return to Agriculture

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kozak ◽  
Rafał Pudełko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Large Acreage ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural land abandonment is a process observed in most European countries. In Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, it was initiated with the political transformation of the 1990s. Currently, in Poland, it concerns over 2 million ha of arable land. Such a large acreage constitutes a resource of land that can be directly restored to agricultural production or perform environmental functions. A new concept for management of fallow/abandoned areas is to start producing biomass for the bioeconomy purposes. Production of perennial crops, especially on poorer soils, requires an appropriate assessment of soil conditions. Therefore, it has become crucial to answer the question: What is the real impact of the fallowing process on soil, and is it possible to return it to production at all? For this purpose, on the selected fallowed land that met the marginality criteria defined under the project, physicochemical tests of soil properties were carried out, and subsequently, the results were compared with those of the neighboring agricultural land and with the soil valuation of the fallow land, which was conducted during its past agricultural use. The work was mainly aimed at analyzing the impact of long-term fallowing on soil pH, carbon sequestration and nutrient content, e.g., phosphorus and potassium. The result of the work is a positive assessment of the possibility of restoring fallowed land for agricultural production, including the production of biomass for non-agricultural purposes. Among the studied types of fallow plots, the fields where goldenrod (Solidago L.—invasive species) appeared were indicated as the areas most affected by soil degradation.

scholarly journals The analysis of radioecological monitoring results in the vicinity of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. V. Panov ◽  
N. I. Sanzharova ◽  
N. N. Isamov ◽  
N. V. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Radioecological Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Content

The research presents the data of long-term observations of the impact of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant operation on the radioecological situation in the region of its location. The dynamics of the content of natural and artificial radionuclides in the components of agricultural ecosystems was studied due to the data based on the information from the radioecological monitoring network developed in 2003. Samples of soils, agricultural products and animal feeds were taken at 11 control sites located on arable lands and grasslands in the vicinity of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant, and, in settlements, locally produced food was sampled. It was shown that for the period of studies of 2003-2019, the average specific activity of 90Sr in the soils of agroecosystems of the 10 km influence zone of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant varied within 2.7-4.3 Bq/kg, and specific activity of 137Cs was 14.6-40.8 Bq/kg. At the same time, there were found no trends of increase in the content of artificial radionuclides in soil over time and at different distances from the NPP, and the increased specific activity of 137Cs in soil compared to the global background is explained by the Chernobyl fallout. The variability of the average content of natural radionuclides in the soil for 40K was 481-625 Bq/kg, 226Ra – 20.6-29.5 Bq/ kg, 232Th – 28.2-39.2 Bq/kg, which corresponded to all-Russian data. The average specific activity of 90Sr in grain was 0.24-0.43 Bq/kg, and 137Cs – 0.19-0.37 Bq/kg. Even the maximum levels of artificial radionuclides in grain were 44 times for 90Sr and 85 times for 137Cs lower than the current SanPiN standards. The highest specific activity values of 137Cs and 90Sr in potatoes, vegetables, and gourds were 160 times lower than the SanPiN standards. It was noted that the maximum content of 90Sr in milk was more than 540 times lower than the SanPin standard, and for 137Cs this difference was 330 times. The maximum content of 137Cs in beef turned out to be over 850 times lower than the SanPiN standard for this radionuclide. About 70 Bq/a of 90Sr and 200 Bq/a of 137Cs enter the population diet with locally produced food, which is almost 400 times for 137Cs and 200 times for 90Sr lower than the annual limit. Milk (46%), meat (31%), potatoes and vegetables (14%) make the main contribution to the formation of the internal dose from agricultural products containing 137Cs, and contribution to dose from 90Sr is made by milk (14%) and crop products (potatoes, vegetables, bread) – up to 78%. In general, we concluded that over the past 17 years, the operation of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant did not lead to a deterioration of the radioecological situation in the region of its location, because during the survey period there was no significant increase in the content of artificial radionuclides in agricultural products, foods and environmental components.

scholarly journals The state and problems of agricultural production in the contaminated territories of Kyiv Polissya

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
L. Raychuk ◽  
O. Hrynyk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Chernobyl Disaster ◽  
Psychological Operations

Current status and problems of agricultural production on radioactively contaminated areas of Kyiv Polissya have been analyzed. It has been found that the Chernobyl disaster led to significant changes in specialization of agricultural production in both plant growing and animal husbandry. Such traditional regional industries as flax, hop etc completely collapsed. Most of the livestock sectors, especially dairy cattle, have become unprofitable due to abnormal production contamination and negative ecological image of the region. Large companies have become the most competitive in conditions of Kyiv Polissya. The most effective countermeasures have been identified and initial steps to obtain the radioecologically safe agricultural products on the affected by the Chernobyl disaster areas have been developed. Specialization of agricultural production, depending on the level of radioactive contamination has been improved. Agricultural enterprises of the region are not able to carry out the recommended measures in full because of lack of funds. Therefore, there is necessity to introduce the economic incentives for farmers, which will provide comprehensive implementation of a number of economic, environmental, administrative, social and psychological operations.

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