Zeolite — natural ameliorant for dry meadow polluted by caesium-137

Исследовательская работа выполнена в Новозыбковском районе Брянской области на естественном суходольном лугу, подвергшемся радиоактивному загрязнению в результате аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС. Загрязнение территории радиоактивными веществами, возникшее в результате чернобыльской катастрофы, создало целый ряд проблем для ведения сельскохозяйственного производства. Одной из них является проблема использования естественных луговых экосистем, загрязнённых цезием-137, в качестве сенокосов и пастбищ. Травостой естественных лугов накапливает радионуклида больше, чем травостой, выращенный на обработанной сельхозорудиями почве. В этой связи поиск доступных, эффективных и экономически выгодных мер, позволяющих получать на естественных лугах продукцию, соответствующую нормативным показателям, имеет важное значение. Целью исследовательской работы было изучение влияния цеолита Хотынецкого месторождения на переход радионуклида из почвы в растение на естественном суходольном лугу. Для этого в августе на поверхность почвы опытных делянок вносили цеолит в объёме 0,5 и 1% от массы пахотного слоя. Через год отбирали сопряжённые пробы почвы и растений. После подготовки в них определяли концентрацию цезия-137, а также агрохимические, физико-химические показатели почвы и урожайность. В ходе выполнения исследовательской работы было установлено, что использование цеолита в качестве мелиоранта луга не оказало достоверного влияния на снижение радионуклида в травостое (сене) и на увеличение Hr, S, EKO, V, калия и фосфора. Однако достоверно увеличился показатель рН. Внесение цеолита на опытные делянки в количестве 0,5 и 1% от массы пахотного слоя почвы оказало выраженное положительное влияние на урожайность сена. The investigation took place in the Bryansk region. The territory of natural dry meadow was contaminated there due to the Chernobyl disaster. Radioactive contamination significantly impacts agriculture in the area. Caesium-137 presented in soil hinders hay and green forage production. Natural plant ecosystems accumulate more radionuclide than the ones grown on farm fields. Therefore, those methods are of the highest interest that allow production of healthy forage in that area. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of the zeolite from the Khotynetskiy district on the radionuclide movement from soil to plants. In August the zeolite (0.5 and 1% of soil mass) was applied in soil. One year later soil and plant samples were tested for caesium-137 as well as agrochemical, physical, chemical properties and productivity. As a result, the zeolite had no significant impact on the accumulation of caesium-137 in hay as well as Hr, S, EKO, V, K or P. In contrast, рН grew significantly and hay yield increased.

TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS WITH A RADIATION FACTOR IN THE ADJACENT RADIOACTIVELY POLLUTED AREAS OF RUSSIA AND BELARUS

Описан состав и основные характеристики технических средств мониторинга чрезвычайных ситуаций с радиационным фактором на сопредельных радиоактивно загрязненных вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС территориях России и Беларуси, предназначенных для обеспечения оперативного проведения аварийно-спасательных и других неотложных работ. Describes the composition and main characteristics of technical means for monitoring emergency situations with a radiation factor in the adjacent territories of Russia and Belarus contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster, designed to ensure prompt rescue and other urgent work.

Results of the Activities of Interdepartmental Expert Advice on Establishing Communication Diseases, Disabilities and Death with Impact Radiation Factors

One of the systems of expert councils that exist on the territory of the Russian Federation is the Interdepartmental Expert Council (IEC), where citizens can apply to establish the cause of the connection between illness, disability and death with exposure to ionizing radiation. The article discusses the normative documents and the legal framework governing the work of the IEC, to establish the causal relationship of diseases, disability and death of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. The results of the activities of interdepartmental expert councils of the Russian Federation for 2010–2020 are presented. The categories of citizens who have the right to submit documents for an examination to establish the causal relationship of illness, disability and death as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation in the IEC have been determined.

Les gènes des enfants de Tchernobyl

Transgenerational effects have long been expected in children from parents exposed to radiation from atomic bombs in Japan in 1945 or from the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. These effects have in fact proven hard to detect. A new large-scale study based on high-quality whole genome sequencing of father/mother/child trios in which the parental radiation dose is known now demonstrates that the rate of new mutations (50/70 per generation) is not detectably increased when comparing irradiated and non-irradiated parents. This solid data shows conclusively that transgenerational effects of irradiation from the Chernobyl disaster are absent or undetectable.

Nature of Relationships Between Atmospheric Electricity Parameters at Ground Surface and Air Ionization on the Basis of Nuclear Accidents in Power Plants and Weapons Tests

In this work we present an analysis of selected atmospheric electricity parameters, measured at the Geophysical Observatory in Świder (near Warsaw, Poland), in a review of the major events that resulted in the release of a significant amount of artificial radioactive substances in the Earth’s atmosphere: the radioactive accident in Fukushima, Japan, beginning 12 March 2011, followed by the 9.0 earthquake and tsunami; Chernobyl disaster (27 April 1986); and nuclear weapons testing (1958–1965). The physical mechanisms of the impact of radioactive sources on the electrical parameters of the atmosphere are analyzed. The formation of free charge (small ions, represented by electric air conductivity) and bound-induced charges (measured vertical electric field and current) by radioactive aerosol and cloud nuclei were taken into account. The values of electric field Ez, atmospheric air conductivity λ, and aerosol concentrations measured at a certain site depend on the time and space location of the released radioactive materials in relation to the measurement site and the meteorological situation. A frontal inflow of air masses containing radioactive substances may be noticeable at a large distance from the atmospheric electricity measuring site in fair weather conditions (Chernobyl disaster). Atmospheric precipitation plays a very important role in the transport of radioactive substances to the ground level (nuclear weapons testing). The relationship between the ionospheric potential Vi and the electric field near ground level Ez resulting from the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) concept for the presence of a strongly ionized air layer in the lower stratosphere and the ground level was disturbed in nuclear weapons testing time. The aim of this work is a qualitative characterization of discussed events. Future modeling works are needed to investigate the dependence of quantitative GEC parameters in situations of global or regional high air ionization. For this purpose, available measurements of recorded atmospheric electricity parameters will be used.

ABOUT SOME LESSONS OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER IN THE CONTEXT OF ACTIVITIES FOR NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

This scientific article analyzes the open data on overcoming the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, which took place in April 1986, identifies some determinants that currently affect the state and effectiveness of environmental security in Ukraine, as well as the level of national security. in general. However, as practice shows, only the obligations to the population are formally fulfilled, in particular, the determinants that caused the accident were not eliminated and neutralized. The urgency of the study is also due to the current problems of social protection, which are caused by including unprofessionalism and irresponsibility of the authorities showed the study of archival materials. The authors study the scientific developments of research practitioners on overcoming the Chernobyl disaster These ideas give grounds to emphasize that the Chernobyl accident could have been prevented if the representatives of authorities in the USSR had not shown criminal irresponsibility and taken timely measures to prevent it. It is determined that the analysis of open data related to overcoming the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, and its main task is to define some determinants that caused it, as well as their impact on the current state of environmental and national security of Ukraine. Based on the analysis, the authors state that ensuring the environmental security of Ukraine in modern conditions is an important problem of state environmental security, an integral condition for sustainable economic and social development of our country and protection from potential and real threats, taking into account those historical lessons. which took place at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986.

DIALECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL ZONE IN LEXICOGRAPHIC PROCESSING

Emphasis is placed on the need to record dialect material in various forms (text and answers to special programs) to ensure complete information about the structural features of reductive dialects of the Ukrainian language continuum and the importance of their study, because the relocation of people to other dialects leads to the destruction of the entire dialect area. In dialectology, a new concept appeared, a new term – reductive speech. The term is used outside the area of Northern Kyiv and North-Eastern Zhytomyr – the dialects of the Chornobyl zone. This conditional name is already firmly established in dialectology, and it wants to be shared on April 26, 1986, on the language map of Ukraine, and no one singled out a group of dialects. Migration movements from the Central Polis to other regions of Ukraine after the Chernobyl disaster led to the management of the entire dialect area, as a large 30-kilometer zone has been in the area for almost 35 years as almost depopulated, and its inhabitants have moved to villages and towns in several regions. Record, preserve and explore the actually lost language systems – this is the most important task of dialectologists. The representation of the Chornobyl zone dialects in various scientific hearings – descriptive, linguogeographical and lexicographic – is analyzed. The titles in the articles of the work to some extent represent data, factual material that can become one's own land, an empirical basis for publishing a dictionary of Chernobyl dialects. It should be noted that ethnographers and ethnographers found it difficult to collect and publish extremely rich material on the dialects of the Chornobyl zone. And although there are no requirements in their hearings (no transcription record is given, phonetic variants cannot be traced), they can significantly help lexicographers-dialectologists when teaching dictionaries as interpretations of individual tokens.

Chernobyl as reflected in library information space: 35 years after Cherhnobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster

Thirty five years passed since Chernobyl disaster, however the risks in nuclear power industry are still the issue. Representation of Chernobyl disaster in library-generated resources and resources available for the libraries is characterized. Information on materials and events dedicated to Chernobyl disaster were retrieved from library websites. Publication activity on the subject by Russian authors was analyzed based on RNPLS&T’s database «Ecology: Science and technologies» and science citation databases, i. e. Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Russian Science Citation Index.