Diversity of Airborne Fungi at Pepper Plantation Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu

Piper nigrum L. is well-known as the king of spices and widely used in various field such as food and medicines. In Malaysia, 98% of pepper production comes from the state of Sarawak. The National Commodity Policy (2011-2020) targets to increase the pepper plantation area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. However, pepper diseases remain as a major challenge in the pepper industry. A great number of airborne fungi pathogen may contribute to a significant economic loss in pepper production. Therefore, this study aims to morphologically identify the diversity of fungi obtained from air-borne samples in a pepper planation that are capable of causing pepper plant diseases. This experiment was conducted at a pepper plantation near Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu. An Andersen spore sampler was used to collect the fungi spores. Culture based identification were then made. The study resulted in the identification of four genus of fungi such as Fusarium sp, Fusarium semictectum Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. (Ascomycetes). Further molecular identification will confirm the species of fungal pathogens and more understanding of their population as well as severity. Keywords: Pepper, Piper nigrum L., air-borne, fungi, Andersen spore sampler

Download Full-text

Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.58 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad TAUFIK ◽

Andi KHAERUNI ◽

Abdul WAHAB ◽

. AMIRUDDIN

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Arachis Pintoi ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Pepper Plants

AbstractYellow disease is a complex disease caused byFusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., and nematodes. Infectedplants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting,causing significant losses for the growers. Various controlmethods were examined including the use of bioconrolagents and cover crop Arachis pintoi. The researchobjective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agentsand A. pintoi to improve pepper growth and reduce yellowdisease incidence on pepper plants in the field. Researchresults showed that the treatment of biocontrol andA. pintoi promoted vegetative growth of pepper plants, andincreased pepper height for up to more five times, andreduced yellow disease incidence to 30%AbstrakPenyakit kuning merupakan penyakit kompleks yangdisebabkan oleh Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp. dannematoda parasit. Tanaman sakit mengalami kematianyang cepat dan kebun yang telah terinfeksi sulit untukditanami kembali, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yangnyata terhadap petani. Berbagai cara pengendalian telahdiuji termasuk penggunaan agens hayati Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Trichoderma sp. dantanaman Arachis pintoi. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui kemampuan agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoidalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangikejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada di lapang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agenshayati dan A. pintoi meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah dauntanaman lada lebih dari lima kali serta mempercepatmunculnya sulur dibandingkan dengan kontrol danfungisida. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasidengan A. pintoi menekan kejadian penyakit kuning hampir30%.

Download Full-text

First Report of Fusarium Wilt of Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’ Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in a Midwestern Nursery

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-11-1519b ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (11) ◽

pp. 1519-1519 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. H. Elmer ◽

M. Daughtrey ◽

K. Rane ◽

M. M. Jimenez-Gasco

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Root Rot ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

State University ◽

Pennsylvania State University ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Vascular Discoloration ◽

Millet Seed ◽

Significant Economic Loss

Disease symptoms were observed in a commercial nursery in the midwest on Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’ during the summer of 2006. Plants in a roughly circular area in one field showed foliar necrosis, stem basal cankers, root rot, and eventually plant death. Vascular discoloration was noted in stems of affected plants. Sporulation typical of Fusarium oxysporum was observed on the surface of cankers. Five isolates of F. oxysporum (KR1, KR2, KR4, MDU, and MDL) were taxonomically identified from monosporic cultures obtained from surface-disinfested stems and roots. All five isolates were vegetatively compatible with each other. Two methods of inoculation were used. Method one (conidial drench) involved pouring 100 ml of conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml) into 10-cm pots containing one healthy 2-month-old division of the same cultivar that was obtained from a different nursery. Method two (millet infestation) involved mixing autoclaved millet seed that had been colonized by each isolate into potting mix (2.5 g/L of mix) prior to transplanting. Four plants were tested per isolate per method and controls received distilled water or autoclaved millet. After 3 months, only two isolates (KR1 and KR2) inoculated by conidial drench caused root rot, whereas all isolates inoculated by millet infestation caused wilt, root rot, and vascular discoloration, and all inoculated plants died after 3.5 months Controls remained healthy. The fungus was recovered and was vegetatively compatible with the original F. oxysporum isolates. The tef-α gene from two F. oxysporum isolates was sequenced, submitted to the Blast ID search at Pennsylvania State University (1), and found to belong to the F. oxysporum species complex. Two isolates (KR1 and KR 2) have been deposited at the Fusarium Research Center at Pennsylvania State University under deposition numbers O-2437 and O-2438. Because of the popularity of this coreopsis cultivar, this disease has the potential to cause significant economic loss in nurseries and landscape businesses. The affected nursery, however, has taken all precautions to avoid disseminating the pathogen. Reference: (1) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004.

Download Full-text

Microscopic Characterization of Fusarium sp. Associated with Yellow Disease of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in South Bangka Regency

Planta Tropika Journal of Agro Science ◽

10.18196/pt.v9i1.7753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ayu Lestari ◽

Henri Henri ◽

Eka Sari ◽

Tri Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Observation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Colony Diameter ◽

Colony Color ◽

Macroscopic Observation ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Orange Color

Pepper production has decreased recently, especially due to yellow diseases of Fusarium sp. Thus, this research aimed to isolate and characterize Fusarium sp. from soil and root of healthy and diseased pepper plants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Soil and root pepper samples were taken from lands in Payung and Ranggung Village, Payung District, South Bangka Regency. There were 3 varieties of pepper plant used, including Petaling 1, Nyelungkup, and Merapin Daun Kecil. The characterization of Fusarium sp. isolate included macroscopic and microscopic observation. Macroscopic observation included colony color, colony base color, and growth rate/colony diameter size (cm), while microscopic observation included hyphae structure, and the shape and size of microconidia, macroconidia, chlamydospore, and conidiophore. The research found 66 isolates of Fusarium genus based on the colony color. Most of the isolates were white or purple and red. Colony color of Fusarium sp. showed white color, which then turned to orange color. All isolates showed septate hyphae. Isolates with macroconidia 3-4 septate and micronidia 0-1 septate showed the character of Fusarium oxysporum, while isolates with macroconidia 3-5 septate and microconidia 0-2 septate showed the character of Fusarium solani.

Download Full-text

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 682-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

WIRATNO WIRATNO ◽

MUHAMMAD SYAKIR ◽

IRWANTO SUCIPTO ◽

ANKARDIANSYAH PANDU PRADANA

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Surface Sterilization ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Abstract. Wiratno, Syakir M, Sucipto I, Pradana AP. 2019. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from roots of Piper nigrum and their activities against Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita. Biodiversitas 20: 682-687. The endophytic bacteria from spices plants have potential as biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, their potential has not been explored. Pepper plant (Piper nigrum L.) is linked with promising endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to obtain isolates of endophytic bacteria from root tissues of pepper plant. The isolation of endophytic bacteria was done using surface-sterilization method and using Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) medium. The result showed that 10 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated. We found that a total of 9 bacteria were safe for plants and mammals and used for subsequent steps. The selected bacteria showed inhibition activity of Fusarium oxysporum (18.6 to 43.7%). Furthermore, the secondary metabolites of the endophytic bacteria also promoted lethal effects on Meloidogyne incognita (16.6 to 65.8%). The physiological activity also showed that seven isolates were able to produce chitinase, and four (4) isolates were able to produce protease. Additionally, 55.6% of isolates were also able to dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen. This study provided fundamental information related to the biocontrol properties of endophytic bacteria isolated from pepper plant roots.

Download Full-text

Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/ppbbi.jur.mp.v79i2.58 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad TAUFIK ◽

Andi KHAERUNI ◽

Abdul WAHAB ◽

. AMIRUDDIN

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Arachis Pintoi ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Pepper Plants

Download Full-text

ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF INDIGENOUS ANTIFUNGAL MICROORGANISMS AGAINST PATHOGENIC FUNGI OF PEPPER PLANT IN TAY NGUYEN

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13452 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 385-392

Author(s):

Pham Thi Thuy Hoai ◽

Ton That Huu Dat ◽

Tran Thi Hong ◽

Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc ◽

Tran Dinh Man ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Control Plant ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Genus Streptomyces

The pathogenic fungi often cause huge impacts on agricultural crops, and occupy over 80% of plant diseases. Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani are fungal pathogens that can lead to rapid development of plant diseases on important crops in Tay Nguyen (e.g., pepper, coffee, rubber, cashew). Therefore, the study of microorganisms with bioactivity against these pathogens is essential to control plant diseases. In this study, we isolated microorganisms from rhizospheres of pepper in Tay Nguyen and screened beneficial microbes against two pathogenic fungi using agar well diffusion assay. Obtained results showed that there are different about isolated microbial density between samples collected from diseased and healthy pepper. The bacterial population is higher in rhizosphere region of healthy pepper than in those of diseased plants. In contrast, fungal density is lower in rhizosphere region of healthy plants than in those of diseased ones. From isolation plates, we selected and purified 391 strains including 236 bacteria, 149 actinomycetes and 6 fungi for screening antifungal activity. Out of isolated microorganisms, 44 strains (36 bacteria, 6 actinomycetes, and 2 fungi) showed antagonistic activity against at least one of two pathogens (F. oxysporum and R. solani), of which 15 isolates showed activity against both fungi. Identification of isolates with highest activity using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed bacterial strains belonged to different species Enterobacter ludwigii, Pseudomonas fulva, Bacillus subtilis, whereas 2 actinomycetes belonged to the genus Streptomyces: Streptomyces sp. and Streptomyces diastatochromogenes. Identification of the isolated fungus based on morphological characteristics and the 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this strain belonged to species Penicillium oxalicum. Our study revealed the potential of the indigenous microorganisms in preventing and controlling plant-pathogenic fungi.

Download Full-text

Bio-Monitoring of airborne fungi and antifungal activity of Clerodendrum infortanum L. against dominant fungi

Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research ◽

10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2082 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pinto Karmakar ◽

Biren Jamatia ◽

Sanjit Debnath ◽

Panna Das ◽

Ajay Krishna Saha

Keyword(s):

Fungal Spores ◽

Airborne Fungi ◽

Two Stage ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Study Sites ◽

Qualitative Estimation

The present study provides baseline information on the quantitative and qualitative estimation of aeromycoflora. Burkard personal airsampler and Anderson two stage airsampler were used to detect the quantitative and qualitative estimation of aeromycoflora. 17 non-viable fungal spores were recorded with the aid of Burkard personal airsampler and 12 viable fungal genera were detected using Anderson two stage airsampler. Higher concentration airborne fungi observed in the month of March. Aspergillus sp, Ascospore, Basidiospore, Curvularia sp, Alternaria sp were found to be Nigrospora sp most predominant nonviable fungal genera whereas dominant viable genera were Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp, Curvularia sp, Trichoderma sp and Fusarium sp in both the environments. The result of antifungal potential of Clerodendrum infortunatum showed highest efficacy against Aspergillus sp followed by Penicillium sp and Fusarium sp. This present study provided the baseline information about the viable and non-viable concentration in the study sites. Besides the outcomes of this study along with the insightful explanation could aptly provide basis for strategizing effective preventive measures against airborne-fungi. Those are responsible for causing different agricultural crops diseases and human respiratory ailments.

Download Full-text

Diagnosis of Fungal Plant Pathogens Using Conventional and Molecular Approaches

Diagnostics of Plant Diseases ◽

10.5772/intechopen.94980 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Monika C. Dayarathne ◽

Amin U. Mridha ◽

Yong Wang

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Pathogen Identification ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

One Fungus One Name

Fungi are a large group of eukaryotes found as saprophytes, pathogens or endophytes, which distribute in every corner of our planet. As the main pathogens, fungi can cause 70–80% of total plant diseases, leading to huge crop yield reduction and economic loss. For identification of fungal plant pathogens, mycologists and plant pathologists have mainly gone through two stages, viz. morphological observation and morphology/phylogeny, and the next era might be utilizing DNA barcodes as the tool for rapid identification. This chapter accounts i) the brief history of development for fungal identification tools and main concepts, ii) the importance and confusion of “One fungus, one name” for pathogen identification, iii) more or fewer species that we need in agricultural practice, and iv) the foreground of fungal plant pathogen identification. These will help to solve the practical problems of identification of fungal pathogens in agricultural production.

Download Full-text

The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Piper nigrum in the tropical areas: A recent study from Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190607 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 2028-2034

Author(s):

SOPIALENA SOPIALENA ◽

SUYADI SUYADI ◽

MUHAMAD SAHIL ◽

JULI NURDIANA

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Hilly Area ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Different Characteristics

Sopialena, Suyadi, Sahil M, Nurdiana J. 2018. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Piper nigrum in the tropical areas: a recent study from Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2028-2034. This research aimed to identify the diversity of endophytes fungal in the root and leaves of Piper nigrum Linn. This research contributes to the knowledge gaps by focusing the discussion on the Endophytic fungal communities of Piper nigrum Linn in tropical areas at Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Two certain plots within the study area were selected based on the different characteristics of topographic contours. The locations, named Plot A was characterized by ramps area, while plot B was sloping or hilly area. A total of 55 isolates were obtained from the root and the leaves of healthy plants, 35 isolates were from Plot A and the other 20 isolates were from plot B. Based on Shannon index (H’), both of the plots corresponded to the same genus; namely Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Nigrospora sp., and Trichoderma sp, and categorized as medium diversity. In this regards, this study confirms that the genus Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. represent a large part of the diversity of Endophytes fungi. As the study indicates that plot B has higher diversity of endophytic fungi compared to plot A, it shows that the hilly area turns out to be a better location for Piper nigrum Linn.

Download Full-text

Identifikasi Rhizoctonia Mikoriza dan Fusarium pada Anggrek Ascocentrum Miniatum

Journal of Biota ◽

10.24002/biota.v2i1.1504 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Raden Soelistijono Dwi Susilo Utami Achmadi Priyatmojo

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Colony Color ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Three Stages ◽

Macroconidia Formation ◽

The Many

Ascocentrum miniatum (kebutan orchids) is an orchid species in Indonesia is growing in Java. This orchid is rare (Appendix 2) and difficult to be cultivated. One of the obstacles faced in orchid cultivation A.miniatum because they are prone to fungal pathogens. Of the many fungal pathogens that infect, at most dominating is the fungus Fusarium sp.The aim of the research is to identify the mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia contained in A.miniatum orchids that are resistant to the fungus Fusarium sp. This study is the first stage of the three stages of research for 3 years and performed at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture UTP using methods that refers to the research conducted by Bayman dkk. (Otero, 2002) and Barnett & Hunter (1972). Each observation was repeated 5 with each replication contained 5 plants. Results showed that characterization of isolates of Rhizoctonia root mycorrhizal A. miniatum derived from Tawangmangu, Bandungan, Kaliurang, Sleman were not morphologically distinct. Equation characters are in colony color, length and number of the cell nucleus, while the characters are in wide differences in the cells and grouped in Tulasnella. Isolation of Fusarium showed macroconidia formation and pathogenicity tests are positive, and the extent of the disease is highest in the 5th month after the inoculation.

Download Full-text