scholarly journals Identifikasi Rhizoctonia Mikoriza dan Fusarium pada Anggrek Ascocentrum Miniatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raden Soelistijono Dwi Susilo Utami Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Macroconidia Formation ◽  
The Many

Ascocentrum miniatum (kebutan orchids) is an orchid species in Indonesia is growing in Java. This orchid is rare (Appendix 2) and difficult to be cultivated. One of the obstacles faced in orchid cultivation A.miniatum because they are prone to fungal pathogens. Of the many fungal pathogens that infect, at most dominating is the fungus Fusarium sp.The aim of the research is to identify the mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia contained in A.miniatum orchids that are resistant to the fungus Fusarium sp. This study is the first stage of the three stages of research for 3 years and performed at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture UTP using methods that refers to the research conducted by Bayman dkk. (Otero, 2002) and Barnett & Hunter (1972). Each observation was repeated 5 with each replication contained 5 plants. Results showed that characterization of isolates of Rhizoctonia root mycorrhizal A. miniatum derived from Tawangmangu, Bandungan, Kaliurang, Sleman were not morphologically distinct. Equation characters are in colony color, length and number of the cell nucleus, while the characters are in wide differences in the cells and grouped in Tulasnella. Isolation of Fusarium showed macroconidia formation and pathogenicity tests are positive, and the extent of the disease is highest in the 5th month after the inoculation.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN LOKAL TERHADAP Leptocorisa oratorius

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Senewe ◽  
Guntur Manengkey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
White Mycelium ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Leptocorisa Oratorius

ABSTRACT Leptocorisa oratorius is one major pest of rice in North Sulawesi. Hence, it is necessary to control the pest. The research objective was to identify and to test pathogenicity of local  entomopathogen fungi which infected  Leptocorisa oratorius. The pathogens were collected through sampling of L. oratorius which had been infected by the fungi in the field. The pathogenic fungi was isolated using PDA medium, identified followed by inoculation for pathogenecity test.  During several sampling pest, it was found that  L. oratorius was attacked by fungal pathogens in the field. The identification revelead that the fungal pathogens were Beauveria sp and Fusarium sp. Both the fungal pathogen produced white mycelium and could only be distinguished using microscope in the laboratory. Result of pathogenicity tests showed that the two fungal pathogens caused different mortality of the L. oratorius. Mortality of  L. oratorius caused by pathogenic fungus Beauveria sp was  30.3% . Whereas, mortality of  L. oratorius caused by Fusarium sp was only 3.33%. Keywords : pathogenic fungi, entomopathogen, pathogenicity tests, L. oratorius

scholarly journals Fungal Pathogens Affecting the Production and Quality of Medical Cannabis in Israel

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Shachar Jerushalmi ◽  
Marcel Maymon ◽  
Aviv Dombrovsky ◽  
Stanley Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Cultivation

The use of and research on medical cannabis (MC) is becoming more common, yet there are still many challenges regarding plant diseases of this crop. For example, there is a lack of formal and professional knowledge regarding fungi that infect MC plants, and practical and effective methods for managing the casual agents of disease are limited. The purpose of this study was to identify foliar, stem, and soilborne pathogens affecting MC under commercial cultivation in Israel. The predominant major foliage pathogens were identified as Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, while the common stem and soilborne pathogens were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. Other important fungi that were isolated from foliage were those producing various mycotoxins that can directly harm patients, such as Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. The sampling and characterization of potential pathogenic fungi were conducted from infected MC plant parts that exhibited various disease symptoms. Koch postulates were conducted by inoculating healthy MC tissues and intact plants with fungi isolated from infected commercially cultivated symptomatic plants. In this study, we report on the major and most common plant pathogens of MC found in Israel, and determine the seasonal outbreak of each fungus.

scholarly journals Microscopic Characterization of Fusarium sp. Associated with Yellow Disease of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in South Bangka Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ayu Lestari ◽  
Henri Henri ◽  
Eka Sari ◽  
Tri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Orange Color

Pepper production has decreased recently, especially due to yellow diseases of Fusarium sp. Thus, this research aimed to isolate and characterize Fusarium sp. from soil and root of healthy and diseased pepper plants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Soil and root pepper samples were taken from lands in Payung and Ranggung Village, Payung District, South Bangka Regency. There were 3 varieties of pepper plant used, including Petaling 1, Nyelungkup, and Merapin Daun Kecil. The characterization of Fusarium sp. isolate included macroscopic and microscopic observation. Macroscopic observation included colony color, colony base color, and growth rate/colony diameter size (cm), while microscopic observation included hyphae structure, and the shape and size of microconidia, macroconidia, chlamydospore, and conidiophore. The research found 66 isolates of Fusarium genus based on the colony color. Most of the isolates were white or purple and red. Colony color of Fusarium sp. showed white color, which then turned to orange color. All isolates showed septate hyphae. Isolates with macroconidia 3-4 septate and micronidia 0-1 septate showed the character of Fusarium oxysporum, while isolates with macroconidia 3-5 septate and microconidia 0-2 septate showed the character of Fusarium solani.

scholarly journals Diversity of Airborne Fungi at Pepper Plantation Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
NUR AINU FARHAH RABAE ◽  
SALMAN AZIZ ◽  
ASAMOAH FREDERICK OSEI ◽  
SITI NORDAHLIAWATE MOHAMED SIDIQUE
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

Piper nigrum L. is well-known as the king of spices and widely used in various field such as food and medicines. In Malaysia, 98% of pepper production comes from the state of Sarawak. The National Commodity Policy (2011-2020) targets to increase the pepper plantation area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. However, pepper diseases remain as a major challenge in the pepper industry. A great number of airborne fungi pathogen may contribute to a significant economic loss in pepper production. Therefore, this study aims to morphologically identify the diversity of fungi obtained from air-borne samples in a pepper planation that are capable of causing pepper plant diseases. This experiment was conducted at a pepper plantation near Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu. An Andersen spore sampler was used to collect the fungi spores. Culture based identification were then made. The study resulted in the identification of four genus of fungi such as Fusarium sp, Fusarium semictectum Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. (Ascomycetes). Further molecular identification will confirm the species of fungal pathogens and more understanding of their population as well as severity.   Keywords: Pepper, Piper nigrum L., air-borne, fungi, Andersen spore sampler

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Brenneria quercina, Causal Agent for Bark Canker and Drippy Nut of Quercus spp. in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Biosca ◽  
Raquel González ◽  
María José López-López ◽  
Santiago Soria ◽  
Carmina Montón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
First Time

The drippy nut disease of oak was first described in California in 1967 and, since then, the causal agent has not been reported in any other area. This study describes for the first time in Europe the isolation of Brenneria (Erwinia) quercina from bark canker in addition to drippy bud and drippy nut in Quercus ilex and Q. pyrenaica. The bark canker and drippy bud symptoms were not previously described as caused by this bacterium. No fungal pathogens were associated with any of the symptoms. Physiological and biochemical characterization identified the pathogenic isolates from Spain as belonging to B. quercina, similar to the reference strain CFBP 1266. Fatty acid profiles of the Spanish isolates also were similar to the strain of B. quercina from California. Serological analysis by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antisera against the reference strain of B. quercina and one Spanish oak isolate revealed some antigenic heterogeneity between isolates of different origins. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that the Spanish isolates were able to reproduce internal symptoms of necrosis and acorn exudation in Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica and suggest that B. quercina may be associated, among other causes, with the oak decline syndrome affecting Spanish oak forests.

scholarly journals Variability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici from different altitudes in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Henik Sukorini ◽  
Erfan Dani Septia ◽  
Netnapis Khewkhom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Different Altitudes

Fusarium wilt disease attacks the tomato plants, and Solanaceae plants with losses can reach 90 %. Thus, this disease was tough to control. The morphology and pathogenicity variation caused failure disease control. Both variations could be affected by the altitude of the planting site. Therefore, it also required special handling of management as well. The specific objectives of this study to investigate the Fusarium isolate from different altitude response of physical properties (acid-base pH, low-high temperature, and fungicides of other active ingredients) and growth rate of Fusarium. All Fusarium sp. were isolated from the leaves, soil, roots, and stem of infected tomato plants. Before a series of tests were carried out, all of the isolates were tested for pathogenicity, then tested for the influence of abiotic factors. This study obtained four isolates from high altitude, four isolates from medium altitude, and five lowland isolates. In morphological observations, there were striking differences in colony color and growth rate among isolates on several media and pathogenicity tests. Each isolate had different pathogenicity, although from the same location but other parts of the plant. Knowing the characteristic morphology and Fusarium sp. response of the three areas can be used as references in controlling.

scholarly journals The Many Questions about Mini Chromosomes in Colletotrichum spp.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Peter-Louis Plaumann ◽  
Christian Koch
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Many ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

Many fungal pathogens carry accessory regions in their genome, which are not required for vegetative fitness. Often, although not always, these regions occur as relatively small chromosomes in different species. Such mini chromosomes appear to be a typical feature of many filamentous plant pathogens. Since these regions often carry genes coding for effectors or toxin-producing enzymes, they may be directly related to virulence of the respective pathogen. In this review, we outline the situation of small accessory chromosomes in the genus Colletotrichum, which accounts for ecologically important plant diseases. We summarize which species carry accessory chromosomes, their gene content, and chromosomal makeup. We discuss the large variation in size and number even between different isolates of the same species, their potential roles in host range, and possible mechanisms for intra- and interspecies exchange of these interesting genetic elements.

Theology in the Church of England

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Joseph Butler ◽  
Anglican Theology ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Church

The dismissive characterization of Anglican divinity between 1688 and 1800 as defensive and rationalistic, made by Mark Pattison and Leslie Stephen, has proved more enduring than most other aspects of a Victorian critique of the eighteenth-century Church of England. By directly addressing the analytical narratives offered by Pattison and Stephen, this chapter offers a comprehensive re-evaluation of this neglected period in the history of English theology. The chapter explores the many contributions to patristic study, ecclesiastical history, and doctrinal controversy made by theologians with a once deservedly international reputation: William Cave, Richard Bentley, William Law, William Warburton, Joseph Butler, George Berkeley, and William Paley were vitalizing influences on Anglican theology, all of whom were systematically depreciated by their agnostic Victorian successors. This chapter offers a revisionist account of the many achievements in eighteenth-century Anglican divinity.

The development of body and organ shape

BMC Zoology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansa E. Cobham ◽  
Christen K. Mirth
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Size Characterization ◽  
Organ Shape ◽  
The Many

Abstract Background Organisms show an incredibly diverse array of body and organ shapes that are both unique to their taxon and important for adapting to their environment. Achieving these specific shapes involves coordinating the many processes that transform single cells into complex organs, and regulating their growth so that they can function within a fully-formed body. Main text Conceptually, body and organ shape can be separated in two categories, although in practice these categories need not be mutually exclusive. Body shape results from the extent to which organs, or parts of organs, grow relative to each other. The patterns of relative organ size are characterized using allometry. Organ shape, on the other hand, is defined as the geometric features of an organ’s component parts excluding its size. Characterization of organ shape is frequently described by the relative position of homologous features, known as landmarks, distributed throughout the organ. These descriptions fall into the domain of geometric morphometrics. Conclusion In this review, we discuss the methods of characterizing body and organ shape, the developmental programs thought to underlie each, highlight when and how the mechanisms regulating body and organ shape might overlap, and provide our perspective on future avenues of research.

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