ANALISIS KEBERADAAN RHODAMIN B DAN NATRIUM BENZOAT DALAM SAUS TOMAT PENTOL DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizky Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Cucu Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Rhodamin B

Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan penjual untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan menekan kerugian. Salah satunya adalah dengan meningkatkan penampilan dan daya tahan produk makanan. Namun, masih banyak ditemukan produk makanan menggunakan bahan berbahaya yang dilarang seperti formalin, boraks dan pewarna rhodamin B. Disisi lain, penggunaan bahan pengawet natrium benzoat merupakan salah satu bahan pengawet yang diperbolehkan, namun masih ditemukan penggunaannya yang melebihi batas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan pewarna rhodamin B dan pengawet natrium benzoat pada saus tomat pentol di kota Palangka Raya. Desain penelitian adalah observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional study. Sampel yang digunakan adalah saus tomat pentol yang dijajakan oleh pedagang keliling di kota Palangka Raya. Analisis keberadaan rhodamin B dan natrium benzoat dalam saus tomat dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan test-kit dan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode HPLC. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada sampel yang mengandung pewarna rhodamin B dan 33,33% sampel melebihi batas penggunaan natrium benzoat yang dianjurkan oleh pemerintah.

Are MSM ready for Smartphone-based electronic readers in HIV Self-Testing? A cross-sectional study among Chinese MSM (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gifty Marley ◽  
Gengfeng Fu ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Joseph D Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Electronic Readers

BACKGROUND The need for strategies to encourage user-initiated results reporting after HIV self-testing (HIVST) persists. Smartphone-based electronic readers have been shown capable of reading diagnostics results accurately in point-of-care diagnostics and could bridge gaps between HIVST and linkage to care. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to assess the willingness of Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) to use a smartphone-based electronic reader during HIVST through an online cross-sectional study. METHODS From February to April 2020, we conducted an online survey among Chinese MSM using a pretested structured questionnaire. Survey items were adapted from previous HIVST feasibility studies and modified as required. An online sample of men were recruited through social media platforms. Prior to answering reader related questions, participants watched a video on prototype smartphone-based electronic readers use. All data analysis was conducted using SPSS software 23.0.0. Statistical analysis conducted included descriptively analysis, chi-squared test and binary logistic regression. P-value <0.05 was deemed statistical significance. RESULTS Of 692 completed surveys, 53.3% (369) of participants were aged 26~40 years and 65.9% (456) of participants had ever self-tested for HIV. A total of 493/652 (71%) were willing to use a reader device. Among willing participants, 86.8% (428/493) would recommend it to their sexual partners, and 98% (483/493) agreed that having a smartphone-based electronic reader will increase their HIV testing frequency. 124 of 156 participants who had never used HIVST mentioned that this technology would motivate them to receive a first HIVST test kit. Being aged 26~40years (AOR=0.39, 95%CI=0.16-0.95), and predominantly playing receptive roles during anal intercourse increased likely to of being willing to use a reader (AOR=0.05, 95%CI=0.02-0.13). Also, MSM who engaged in unprotected anal intercourse (AOR=4.03, 95%CI=1.40-11.57) were four times more likely to be willing to use smartphone-based electronic readers than those who always used condoms. Majority of participants (73.5%, 447) preferred to purchase readers from local CDC offices and (51.2%, 311) were willing to pay less than 4.3USD for a reader device. CONCLUSIONS Many MSM were willing to use a smartphone-based electronic reader for HIV self testing. Prototypes are needed to further assess feasibility and usability. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Ningbo, China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Hong ◽  
Hong-bo Shi ◽  
Hai-bo Jiang ◽  
Hong-jun Dong ◽  
Yun-liang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background HIV testing and early linkage to care are critical for reducing the risk of HIV transmission. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a useful tool for increasing HIV testing frequency.This study aimed to investigate HIVST rates among men who have sex with men (MSM), the characteristics of MSM who had HIVST, and factors associated with HIVST uptake among MSM in Ningbo, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019 in Ningbo,China. Participants were aged at least 18 years and having had sexual contact with men in the past year. Proportions were used for categorical variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for characteristics associated with HIVST uptake was processed by multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among a sample of 699 MSM recruited, 38.2% had reported previous use of an HIV self-test kit. A greater proportion of HIVST users had a higher frequency of HIV testing (≥ 2 times: 70.0% versus 41.2%, p < 0.001) in the past 1 year. The odds of older age (30–39 years: AOR = 0.49, CI 0.32–0.76; more than 40 years: AOR = 0.07, CI 0.04–0.14, compared to 18–29 years), bisexual (AOR = 0.49, CI 0.29–0.84) were lower among HIVST users,and were higher among MSM who were higher education level (high school: AOR = 2.82, CI 1.70–4.69, compared to middle school or less), gay apps use (AOR = 1.86, CI 1.13–3.05), multiple male sex partners (AOR = 1.90, CI 1.29–2.80), frequency of male–male sexual contact ≥ 1 times per week (AOR = 1.86, CI 1.30–2.66), syphilis infection (AOR = 5.48, CI 2.53–11.88). Conclusions Further HIVST education should be strengthened for school-aged children and teenagers, and free HIVST kits may be provided to high-risk MSM through gay apps and CBO to achieve the increased HIV testing frequency.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Concurrent Malaria and Dengue Infections among Febrile Patients- A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Devubhai Vasava ◽  
Sucheta Jitendra Lakhani ◽  
Jitendra Devjibhai Lakhani
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Vector ◽  
Test Kit

Introduction: There are several tropical mosquito borne infections, such as Malaria and Dengue, these are the two major and common arthropod borne infections that cause high morbidity and mortality in many patients and are major public health concern worldwide. Concurrent malaria and dengue infection is an important condition that is infrequently reported. Aim: To find out the prevalence rate of co-infection for both dengue and malaria and also to associate the severity of such co-infections with symptoms and haematological parameters. Materials and Methods: In observational cross-sectional study, samples were collected from 604 febrile patients clinically suspected for malaria and dengue attending the Medicine Out Patient Department (OPD) of Dhiraj Hospital, Gujarat, India. The samples were diagnosed for malaria by using rapid malaria antigen test kit and peripheral blood smear microscopy for the identification of Plasmodium spp. The dengue NS-1 antigen, (Immunoglobulin) IgM and IgG antibodies rapid kit were use to rule out dengue infection. The statistical analysis done by software EPI info. Results: In the present study, out of 604, 58 patients (9.6%) were positive for malaria and 80 patients (13.24%) were positive for dengue, while 21 patients (3.47%) were having concomitant infection with both dengue and malaria. The most affected age group was 31-60 years, 45.53%. The study revealed male preponderance (61.59%), hepatomegaly and jaundice were seen in 52.38% patients, haemorrhagic manifestations in 23.80%, kidney failure in 4.76% (1), and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/cubic millimeter (cmm)) were noted in 95.23% patients. Conclusion: It is mandatory to test any febrile patient for both malaria and dengue so that the diagnosis of the patient is not held back by missing any one. The clinicians who treat febrile patients in or from endemic areas must thoroughly examine and diagnose for both malaria and dengue, still one or the other is positive. Vector control, health education and good hygiene are community based preventive measures that are needed to control both the diseases.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Malaria Pf/Pv Combo Test Kit at Highly Malaria-Endemic Area, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Temesgen Eticha ◽  
Tewodros Tamire ◽  
Temesgen Bati
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Kit

Background. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are alternative diagnostic methods that have enabled reliable biological diagnostic testing in all situations where previously only clinical diagnosis was available. Varying diagnostic accuracy of malaria RDTs makes policymakers confused while choosing malaria test kits for their country. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of currently being used malaria RDT in Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 1 to December 15, 2016. A total of 160 patients were included in the study. Finger-prick blood sample was obtained from study subjects for the RDT test and microscopic examination. Collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Result. The test kit evaluated had an overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 97.44%, 93.67%, 93.83%, and 97.37%, respectively, to detect the presence or absence of malaria. Sensitivity and specificity of the kit for P. falciparum detection were 63.27% and 94.3% and for P. vivax detection were 86.96% and 95.62%, respectively. The agreement between microscopy and RDT for specific identification of malaria species was moderate with a kappa value of 0.568. Conclusion. The overall performance of the kit was below the WHO standard. Further study on a large sample size is recommended to be carried out in the study area to use the test kit instead of microscopy for malaria diagnosis. Providing training on quality malaria laboratory diagnosis and availing necessary supplies for malaria diagnosis shall also be considered.

scholarly journals COVID-19 seroprevalence among hospital staff and preprocedural patients in Thai community hospitals: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e046676
Author(s):  
Tanawin Nopsopon ◽  
Krit Pongpirul ◽  
Korn Chotirosniramit ◽  
Narin Hiransuthikul
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Test Kit

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the seroprevalence of hospital staff comparing to preprocedural patients in Thai community hospitals to shed light on the situation of COVID-19 infection of frontline healthcare workers in low infection rate countries where mass screening was not readily available.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting52 community hospitals in 35 provinces covered all regions of Thailand.Participants857 participants consisted of 675 hospital staff and 182 preprocedural patients.Outcome measureCOVID-19 seroprevalence using a locally developed rapid IgM/IgG test kitResultsOverall, 5.5% of the participants (47 of 857) had positive IgM, 0.2% (2 of 857) had positive IgG which both of them also had positive IgM. Hospitals located in the central part of Thailand had the highest IgM seroprevalence (11.9%). Preprocedural patients had a higher rate of positive IgM than the hospital staff (12.1% vs 3.7%). Participants with present upper respiratory tract symptoms had a higher rate of positive IgM than those without (9.6% vs 4.5%). Three quarters (80.5%, 690 of 857) of the participants were asymptomatic, of which, 31 had positive IgM (4.5%) which consisted of 20 of 566 healthcare workers (3.5%) and 11 of 124 preprocedural patients (8.9%).ConclusionsCOVID-19 antibody test could detect a substantial number of potential silent spreaders in Thai community hospitals where the nasopharyngeal PCR was not readily available, and the antigen test was prohibited. Antibody testing should be encouraged for mass screening in a limited resource setting, especially in asymptomatic individuals.Trial registrationTCTR20200426002.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS B AND C;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 244-248
Author(s):  
Haroon Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Syed Waseem Ahmad Mujtaba ◽  
Rahila Nizami ◽  
Muhammad Atif Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Cumulative Prevalence

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of HepatitisB and C in two different areas of southern Punjab. Settings: Layyah and Rajan pur region ofsouthern Punjab Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Study Period:This study was conducted during the period of August to November 2014. Methods: 1824subjects were selected from both male and female population visiting the free eye camps atLayyah and Rajanpur region. All the selected subjects were tested for HBsAg and for anti-HCVantibodies with Immuno-chromatographic test kit. Results: The cumulative prevalence wasfound 13 %, however the seropositivity of HCV was higher (nine %) as compared to HBV (four%). Conclusion: Findings of our study shows that HCV and HBV prevalence in under studyareas is higher than the nationwide average. This menace can only be cope up with creatingawareness about diseases and proper disease management.

scholarly journals Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Trait among Prospective Blood Donors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Berekum, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Adu ◽  
David Larbi Simpong ◽  
Godfred Takyi ◽  
Richard K. D. Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Kit

Background.Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure usually undertaken in patients with severe anaemia. In Ghana, severe anaemia is mostly due to malaria caused by severePlasmodium falciparuminfection, road traffic accidents, and haemoglobinopathy-induced acute haemolysis.Method.This cross-sectional study evaluated coinheritance of sickle cell haemoglobin variant and G6PD enzymopathy among individuals that donated blood at the Holy Trinity Hospital, Berekum, in the Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana. Demographic data and other pertinent information were captured using questionnaire. Sickle cell haemoglobin variants were determined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis (pH 8.6). Qualitative G6PD status and quantitative G6PD enzyme activity were determined using methaemoglobin reduction and Trinity Biotech G6PD test kit, respectively.Results.Prevalence of sickle cell trait (SCT) and G6PD enzymopathy coinheritance was 7%. In addition, 19.5% of the donors had 10%–60% of normal G6PD enzyme activity suggesting that these donor units are prone to stressor-induced acute haemolysis when given to recipients. Mild G6PD activity (p=0.03, OR: 2.410 (CI: 1.049–5.534)), commercial (p=0.020, OR: 5.609 (CI: 1.309–24.035)), and voluntary (p=0.034, OR: 2.404 (CI: 1.071–5.397)) donors were significantly associated with SCT.Conclusion.Screening for red cell pathologies must be incorporated into existing protocols for populations with high incidence of haemoglobinopathies to protect high-risk recipients.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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