scholarly journals ALTERNATIF SKENARIO PEMANFAATAN AIR EMBUNG NELAS BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK KETERSEDIAANNYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kiki Frida Sulistyani ◽  
Danang Bimo Irianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Small Livestock ◽  
Is Design

Abstract East Nusa Tenggara Province is a province that has many embungs. Embung Nelas, in Lamaknen District, Belu Regencyis planned to meet the water demand of the population and cattle in Makir & Lamaksenulu Village as well as field water demand in Makir Village. Embung Nelas is design by using dependable flow Q 80%. From the calculation, Embung Nelas can meet the water demand in Makir and Lamaksenulu villages until 2040 for a population of 5888 people, 4029 large cattle, 1739 small livestock and 3277 chicken, as well as the irrigation water demand of 23 hectares the Makir Village Considering that the rainy conditions are not the same every year, a water use scenario is made based on the water conditions. There are 4 discharge conditions, dry discharge (Q97.3%), low discharge (Q 80%), normal water discharge (50.7%) and sufficient water discharge (26%). The simulation results in the other 3 scenarios, were obtained for the dry discharge of Embung Nelas in 2040 which was only able to irrigate 76% of raw water and cattle, in normal water conditions it could irrigate 6.6 Ha more fields and in sufficient water it could irrigate 12.9 Ha more fields. Keywords: Embung, Dependable flow, Simulation, Scenario

scholarly journals Evaluation on Flushing Operation Frequency of Sand Trap of Pendowo and Pijenan Weirs

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Lilik Hendro Widaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Flushing Time ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Sand Trap ◽  
Transport Calculation ◽  
Operation Frequency

Sediment deposited in the sand trap of Pendowo and Pijenan Weirs are influenced by the water discharge that enters the sand trap, the soil conditions next to the sand trap, and flushing time. The off schedule of the flushing time is because of the farmers’ water demand for their farming fields and fish ponds. These conditions would affect the sand trap performance. Thus, an evaluation is required. The objective of this study was to identify the performance of sand trap in Pendowo Weir and Pijenan Weir. Calculation of the irrigation water demand was aimed to identify the irrigation water discharge. Sediment that was taken from the sand trap was used to identify its index properties followed by the sediment transport calculation applying the Meyer-Peter and Muller formula. The results showed that the sand trap in Pendowo and Pijenan Weirs was still in a good performance, as indicated by their ability to hydraulically deposit and flush the sediment under frequent flushing operation in once every 6 months and 3 months during the rainy season at Pendowo and Pijenan Weir respectively. Further operation of the sand trap at both weirs with the same frequency will sustain the sand trap to function properly.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mukakuning and Duriangkang Reservoir’s Capacity to Fulfill The Raw Water Demand of Batam City

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Willy Aulia ◽  
Robertus Wahyudi Triweko ◽  
Bambang Adi Riyanto ◽  
Wanny K Adidarma ◽  
Doddi Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Water Level ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Normal Water

Batam City is the economic center of Riau Province with a predicted population of 1.8 million people in 2025. To support economic development, Batam City needs a reliable supply of raw water. Mukakuning and Duriangkang reservoirs, which are cascade reservoirs, are the largest contributors to raw water supply in Batam City. This study aims to determine the maximum capacity of the two reservoirs to meet current and future raw water demand. Discharge in the watershed is calculated using daily HEC-HMS model calibrated using Duriangkang Reservoir water level data. The storage of Mukakuning and Duriangkang Reservoir are 6.3 and 106.1 million m3 respectively, equivalent to 39% and 77% of the runoff volume of each watershed, classifying the two reservoirs in the multi-year category. Using current operation, the two reservoirs can supply up to 3.24 m3/s at 100% reliability, compared to existing capacity of 3.1 m3/s. The water loss is dominated by evaporation which reaches 32.6 million m3/year while spilled water is only 8.3 million m3/year. At 95% reliability, the reservoirs are almost at maximum capacity and able to supply 4.03 m3/s of raw water with the spilled water is only 0.4 million m3/year. Efforts to increase capacity by increasing normal water levels are not effective and lead to dam overtopping in PMF condition. More effective way to increase water supply can be obtained by changing operating patterns. If the reservoir is in dry condition, determined by predicted SPI, the water supply is limited so that the discharge can be utilized for a longer period.

scholarly journals An Innovative Fog Catcher System Applied in the Andean Communities of Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917-1923
Author(s):  
David V. Carrera-Villacrés ◽  
Iveth Carolina Robalino ◽  
Fabian F. Rodríguez ◽  
Washington R. Sandoval ◽  
Deysi L. Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Water Deficits ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Local Water

Abstract. Fog catchers have been successfully applied in several countries around the world. In Ecuador, the Galte communities in the Andean region suffer from water deficits because they are located at an altitude higher than 3500 m above sea level. Rainfall in the area is relatively low, about 600 mm per year, with high evapotranspiration of approximately 615.74 mm per year. This study aimed to install fog catchers in Galte in 2014 and 2015 to help meet the communities’ water needs. The fog catcher system was designed to satisfy the irrigation water demand for local agricultural production, mainly maize, based on estimates using the Blaney-Criddle method. Every day throughout the year, each fog catcher collected 5 to 20 L of water per m2 of catcher area. The results indicate that the fog catcher system can meet about 5% of the local water demand for agricultural production. Keywords: Ecuador, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Water deficit.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Haqiqi ◽  
Danielle S. Grogan ◽  
Thomas W. Hertel ◽  
Wolfram Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.

scholarly journals Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (47) ◽  
pp. 29526-29534
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Rosa ◽  
Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽  
Matteo Sangiorgio ◽  
Areidy Aracely Beltran-Peña ◽  
Maria Cristina Rulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation

Climate change is expected to affect crop production worldwide, particularly in rain-fed agricultural regions. It is still unknown how irrigation water needs will change in a warmer planet and where freshwater will be locally available to expand irrigation without depleting freshwater resources. Here, we identify the rain-fed cropping systems that hold the greatest potential for investment in irrigation expansion because water will likely be available to suffice irrigation water demand. Using projections of renewable water availability and irrigation water demand under warming scenarios, we identify target regions where irrigation expansion may sustain crop production under climate change. Our results also show that global rain-fed croplands hold significant potential for sustainable irrigation expansion and that different irrigation strategies have different irrigation expansion potentials. Under a 3 °C warming, we find that a soft-path irrigation expansion with small monthly water storage and deficit irrigation has the potential to expand irrigated land by 70 million hectares and feed 300 million more people globally. We also find that a hard-path irrigation expansion with large annual water storage can sustainably expand irrigation up to 350 million hectares, while producing food for 1.4 billion more people globally. By identifying where irrigation can be expanded under a warmer climate, this work may serve as a starting point for investigating socioeconomic factors of irrigation expansion and may guide future research and resources toward those agricultural communities and water management institutions that will most need to adapt to climate change.

Wastewater reuse in Italy

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
G. L. Cirelli ◽  
S. Indelicato
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Civil Sector ◽  
Italian Legislation

In many parts of Italy, particularly in the South, it has become ever more difficult to meet the water demand. The recent years of drought and the constant increase of water demand for the civil sector have made irrigation supply more problematic. Wastewater reuse could represent a viable solution to meet water demand. The focus of this paper is on the regulation problems, hampering the development of wastewater reuse for irrigation, and on the potentials for reuse, particularly in Southern Italy. Planned exploitation of municipal wastewater could help meeting the irrigation water demand particularly in Southern Italy, where farmers have been practising uncontrolled wastewater reuse for a long time. In Northern and Central Italy, where available water resources generally meet water needs for different purposes, wastewater reuse could play an important role in controlling the pollution of water bodies. Despite the fact that Italian legislation is extremely strict and outdated, for several years in some regions, such as Sicily, wastewater reuse systems have been in operation; furthermore, several projects of wastewater reuse are currently in progress.

scholarly journals Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for Barley in Iran: The panel Data Evidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sadeghi ◽  
Mohd Ghazali B Mohayidin ◽  
Md. Ariff Bin Hussein ◽  
Jalal Attari
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand

Characterization of Drinking Water Odour Arising from Spring Thaw for an Ice-Covered Upland River Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
D. Rector ◽  
N. Motkosky
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Biogenic Source ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Recurring odour events during spring thaw in the North Saskatchewan River led to a program to characterize contributing odour agents. Raw and treated water samples were adsorbed on granular activated carbon which was then exhaustively solvent extracted. The solvent concentrates were subjected to a Chromatographie sniffing procedure combined with gas chromatographic-mass spectral analyses. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were identified by sensory and analytical means as likely major contributors to the raw water odour. Benzaldehyde, camphor and dihydroactinidiolide were other relevant compounds identified. Given the near freezing water conditions at the time of the odour event, the biogenic source of the odour agents remains a subject for investigation.

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