DYNAMICS OF EASTERN GOAT'S SEED YIELD DEPENDING ON THE SOWING PERIOD

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.33814/mak-2021-26-74-74-82 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vladimir Zolotarev

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Early Spring ◽

First Year ◽

Agricultural Method ◽

Galega Orientalis ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Sowing Period

Eastern goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) is one of the most priority crops among non-traditional species and its cultivation areas in different regions of the country tend to grow steadily. Due to the southern origin of eastern goat's rue in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone, it develops slowly in the first year of life, which requires studying its adaptive properties and developing agricultural techniques for new cultivation areas. An important agricultural method that determines the intensity of the development of eastern goat's rue plants in the year of sowing and the amount of seed yield in the next two years is the sowing period. It is optimal to sow in the early spring at the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, the permissible period is until the end of May.

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СРОКИ ПОСЕВА И ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ АГРОЦЕНОЗА ЛЮЦЕРНЫ ИЗМЕНЧИВОЙ ПЕРВОГО ГОДА ЖИЗНИ

Niva Povolzhya ◽

10.36461/np.2020.54.1.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V.А. Gushchina ◽

О.А. Timoshkin ◽

G.V. Ilyina ◽

G.N. Volodkina

Keyword(s):

Black Soil ◽

Early Spring ◽

Stress Factors ◽

First Year ◽

Net Productivity ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Yields ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Sowing Period

В связи с широким ареалом возделывания люцерны и повышения эффективности её использования в современном сельском хозяйстве необходимо внедрять сорта нового поколения, обладающие широкой амплитудой устойчивости к абиотическим стрессовым факторам. Разработка приемов возделывания люцерны изменчивой сорта Дарья предусматривает использование резервов фотосинтетической деятельности для повышения её продуктивности. Поэтому целью исследований является определение оптимального срока посева люцерны изменчивой, при котором формируются высокие урожаи за счет лучшего использования фотосинтетической функции растений. Эксперимент проводили на опытном поле Пензенского ИСХ филиала ФГБНУ Федеральный центр лубяных культур в 2017-2019 гг. на черноземе выщелоченном, где изучали четыре срока посева: первый ранневесенний (1-10 мая), совпадающий с физической спелостью почвы второй - поздневесенний (20-30 мая) и два срока посева, проведенные в летний период: 1-10 июня, последующий с интервалом в 30 дней к предыдущему. Годы исследований характеризовались как сухие и засушливые. Наиболее оптимальные условия для развития ассимиляционной поверхности растений первого года жизни складывались на ранневесенних посевах, где площадь листьев была наибольшей 30,5 тыс. м2/га. По мере сокращения вегетационного периода наблюдается снижение индекса листовой поверхности в 1,5 раза. Наиболее интенсивное формирование ассимиляционной поверхности происходило в 2017 году и ее площадь составила 35,819,7 тыс. м2/га, максимума она достигала при раннем посеве. В этом же году отмечена наибольшая величина фотосинтетического потенциала 10012638 тыс. м2 сутки/га. В среднем за три года максимальный 2129,3 тыс. м2сутки/га он формировался у растений при посеве ранней весной, а чистая продуктивность фотосинтеза находилась в диапазоне от 0,87 до 0,93 г/м2 сутки. Наибольший показатель установлен при ранних посевах, что способствовало накоплению 2,0 т/га сухого вещества.Due to the wide range of cultivation of alfalfa and increasing the efficiency of its use in modern agriculture, it is necessary to introduce varieties of a new generation with a wide amplitude of resistance to abiotic stress factors. The development of methods for cultivating variegated alfalfa of the Dariya variety involves the use of reserves of photosynthetic activity to increase its productivity. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the optimal sowing period for variagated alfalfa, at which high yields could be formed due to the better use of the photosynthetic function of plants. The experiment was conducted on the experimental field of Penza Agricultural Institute - a branch of the Federal Center for Bast Crops in 2017-2019. The soil was leached chernozem (black soil). Four sowing periods were studied: the first - early spring (May, 1-10), coinciding with the physical ripeness of the soil the second - late spring (May, 20-30) the other two were carried out in the summer period: the third - June, 1-10 and the fourth - in 30 days after the previous one. The years of the research were characterized as dry. The most optimal conditions for the development of the assimilation surface of plants of the first year of life were formed in early spring crops, where the leaf area was the largest - 30.5 thousand m2/ha. As the growing season decreased, a 1.5 times decrease in the leaf surface index was observed. The most intensive formation of the assimilation surface took place in 2017 and its area was 35.8...19.7 thousand m2/ha, reaching its maximum during early sowing. In the same year, the highest value of photosynthetic potential of 1001...2638 thousand m2 day/ha was noted. On average, over three years, the maximum potential of 2129.3 thousand m2day/ha was formed in plants during sowing in early spring, and the net productivity of photosynthesis was in the range from 0.87 to 0.93 g/m2 day. The highest index was established during early sowing, which contributed to the accumulation of 2.0 t/ha of dry matter.

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RESULTS OF AUTUMN TOP CUTTING OF FESTULOLIUM GRASS STAND WITH RYEGRASS MORPHOTYPE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/6/87-91 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 87-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. N. Zolotarev ◽

N. I. Perepravo

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Optimal Time ◽

First Year ◽

Specific Technique ◽

Summer Period ◽

Sward Height ◽

Grass Stand ◽

Second Year ◽

Wintering Conditions ◽

First Year Of Life

Novel crop. Festulolium. is a hybrid of Festucа spp. and Lolium spp. Hybrids combine traits of both parents. Different varieties resemble morphologically either ryegrass or fescue. Compared to original parental forms - meadow and tall fescues and perennial and Australian ryegrasses — festulolium hybrids show new biological and economically important traits, requiring development of specific technique for seed production. In the first year of life, plants of Festulolium and bushes grow vigorously during the entire summer period, forming a continuous closed sward height of 30 cm and density of shoots of more than 3.6 thousand pieces/m2. The accumulation of excessive vegetative mass leads to a deterioration of wintering conditions and the death of 37-39 % of the shoots. Autumn mowing of crops improves the conditions of overwintering and enhance the safety of sprouts at 14-17 %. The choice of duration of this application depends on the method of sowing of Festulolium. The optimum term of removal of the vegetative mass in the first year of life in the soil cultivating sowing method, and in the second year of life is the second week of September. When uncoated ranelate method of sowing of Festulolium best time of rejection of the vegetative mass is between 15 to 30 September. The fall mowing of the grass at the optimal time increases the number of generative shoots from 8-11% to 44% and seed yield of Festulolium of the first year of use of 9-11 to 24-27 %, second year by 17-25 %.

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INFLUENCE OF LATE FODDER CROPS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW SWEET CLOVER

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_599ac99dc56497.34832657 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Константин Григорьев ◽

Konstantin Grigor'ev ◽

Алексей Балыкин ◽

Aleksey Balykin ◽

Леонид Шашкаров ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

First Year ◽

Sweet Clover ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Fodder Crops ◽

Second Year ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Sowing Period

The article deals with the influence of integumentary cultures on the growth and development of the sweet clover. Among the late cover prosoid cultures, corn, Sudan grass and millet are the most suitable for sweet clover, which develop very slowly in the spring and very early free the sweet clover from shading. But when sowing the yellow sweet clover under these later cultures, the sowing period is delayed and there is a danger of drying the soil. Acceleration of growth processes in coverslips was more intense, than in yellow sweet clover and to hay harvest all coverslips significantly exceeded the yellow sweet clover plants. The millet plants were 98 cm, Sudan grass was 153 cm and maize was 180 cm up to harvesting time for all the years of our research. However, in arid conditions of 2014, and with a strong clogging the corn height was 124 cm, which is significantly inferior to Sudan’s grass of 145 cm. The type and the sowing norm of the cover crop and especially the weather conditions had a significant effect on the linear growth of the sweet clover plants of the first year of life. Influence of the sowing norms of millet, Sudan grass and corn on the height of the sweet clover plants of the second year of life was poorly manifested, but the tendency to increase in the height of plants with a decrease in the norm of sowing cover crops by 25% was noticeable.

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Do the age compositions and growth of the crab Portunus pelagicus in marine embayments and estuaries differ?

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315403008166h ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 971-978 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. de Lestang ◽

N.G. Hall ◽

I.C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Carapace Width ◽

Relative Size ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Early Spring ◽

Birth Date ◽

First Year ◽

Peak Time ◽

Similar Data ◽

Portunus Pelagicus ◽

First Year Of Life

Portunus pelagicus (Crustacea: Portunidae) was collected monthly for a minimum of two years from two marine embayments (Cockburn Sound and Koombana Bay) and two estuaries (Peel-Harvey and Leschenault) that are located between 32° and 33°S on the lower west coast of Australia. A birth date of 1 December, derived from estimates of the peak time of spawning, was used to determine the average age of crabs in the main size cohort(s) in carapace width–frequency histograms for each month in each water body. The resultant carapace width-at-age data for each sex in Cockburn Sound and the Peel-Harvey Estuary, in which recruitment occurs at an early age, were then described using a seasonal von Bertalanffy growth curve. The results demonstrated that the growth rates of P. pelagicus differed significantly neither between females and males nor between crabs in the two water bodies and that growth was highly seasonal, with little or no increase in size occurring during the cold winter and early spring months. They also showed that relatively few P. pelagicus live beyond 18 months and indicate that, as a result of legal restrictions against retaining ovigerous crabs and the poor quality of recently-moulted females, fishing mortality is far lower amongst female than male crabs. The fact that the carapace widths attained by P. pelagicus at the end of its first year of life in Cockburn Sound (105 mm) and the Peel-Harvey Estuary (109 mm) were very similar to those in the Leschenault Estuary (105 mm) and Koombana Bay (107 mm) into which that estuary discharges emphasizes that the growth of P. pelagicus in each of these systems was similar. Data are also presented which strongly indicate that the second moult undergone by mature females is accompanied by an increase in the relative size of the abdominal flap.

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The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Maggie-Lee Huckabee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Activation ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Single Session ◽

Primary Finding ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Cortical Modulation ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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