scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LATE FODDER CROPS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW SWEET CLOVER

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Константин Григорьев ◽  
Konstantin Grigor'ev ◽  
Алексей Балыкин ◽  
Aleksey Balykin ◽  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Sowing Period

The article deals with the influence of integumentary cultures on the growth and development of the sweet clover. Among the late cover prosoid cultures, corn, Sudan grass and millet are the most suitable for sweet clover, which develop very slowly in the spring and very early free the sweet clover from shading. But when sowing the yellow sweet clover under these later cultures, the sowing period is delayed and there is a danger of drying the soil. Acceleration of growth processes in coverslips was more intense, than in yellow sweet clover and to hay harvest all coverslips significantly exceeded the yellow sweet clover plants. The millet plants were 98 cm, Sudan grass was 153 cm and maize was 180 cm up to harvesting time for all the years of our research. However, in arid conditions of 2014, and with a strong clogging the corn height was 124 cm, which is significantly inferior to Sudan’s grass of 145 cm. The type and the sowing norm of the cover crop and especially the weather conditions had a significant effect on the linear growth of the sweet clover plants of the first year of life. Influence of the sowing norms of millet, Sudan grass and corn on the height of the sweet clover plants of the second year of life was poorly manifested, but the tendency to increase in the height of plants with a decrease in the norm of sowing cover crops by 25% was noticeable.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LATE FODDER CROPS ON THE STANDING DENSITY OF SWEET CLOVER PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-9
Author(s):  
Константин Григорьев ◽  
Konstantin Grigor'ev ◽  
Алексей Балыкин ◽  
Aleksey Balykin ◽  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather

The article discusses the questions of cover crop cultures influence on a density of standing of sweet clover plants. Maize, Sudan grass and millet are the most suitable for the sweet clover among late cover crops, which are developing very slowly in the spring and very early release the sweet clover from shading. Field germination, the number of seedlings obtained from the number of seeds sown in our field experiments during all the years of research was higher under the cover of maize and amounted to 38.4-39.2%, in millet and Sudan grass it was no higher than 37.6-38.8% and 37.5-37.9%. The greatest completeness of the seadling during all the years of research was during the early period sowing of sweet clover without covering, and on average for 2012-2015 it was more than 45.4%. The preservation of sweet clover up to the cut was largely dependent on meteorological conditions and amounted to 55.7-66.7, in more favorable weather conditions the safety of sweet clover plants was more higher and amounted to 72.9-82.8%. The resistance of the yellow sweet clover plants to the number of unfavorable weather conditions during overwintering was quite high in our experiments, and on average for all the years of research the winter hardiness was 44.3-88.1%. Late fodder cover crops, such as annual millet, Sudan grass and maize, oppressing yellow sweet clover, significantly reduced its safety. The greatest decrease in the safety of yellow sweet clover was revealed under the cover of Sudan grass, which, unlike other cover crops, was more oppressed the clover plant both in the initial growth phases and for the whole vegetation period of plants and the preservation of the sweet clover plants was 62.2%. In the variant under the cover of maize, which was much less oppressed plants, the sweet clover provided the best preservation of plants with 69.5%.

scholarly journals Growth and development of the wild-growing subshrub Salsola orientalis SG Gmel. in culture under conditions of the Central Asian desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
E Z Shamsutdinova ◽  
Z Sh Shamsutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Abstract In terms of life form Salsola orientalis S.G. Gmel. is a semi-shrub; its height reaches 40–60 cm; in terms of ecology, it is a haloxerophyte, extremely resistant to salt stress, air, and soil droughts. Salsola orientalis is a highly nutritious forage plant containing up to 20% protein in the budding phase. High resistance to environmental stress and good forage value allow us to consider it as a promising plant – its introduction into culture allowed restoring the forage productivity of degraded pastures in the Central Asian desert. The features of growth and development of Salsola orientalis were studied for ecological and biological characteristics and the possibility of introducing it into culture. It was found that the laboratory germination of seeds of the wild-growing half-shrub Salsola orientalis was quite high – 20–60%; field germination was very low – 0.1–1.7%. The survival rate of seedlings in young plants depends on environmental conditions and plant density. Under conditions of the Central Asian desert the plants basically die in the first year, especially in the germination phase; in the second year we registered insignificant losses; in subsequent years the number of plants stabilized. Salsola orientalis was found to be a fast growing plant, forming a normal half-shrub in the first year of life. The high ecological stability of Salsola orientalis in combination with its deeply penetrating and powerfully developed root system ensures vigorous and rapid growth. Under conditions of the Central Asian desert Salsola orientalis yields 1.3–1.7 t/ha of dry fodder mass, which is 4–5 times higher than the fodder productivity of natural desert pastures.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEGRO INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Roland B. Scott ◽  
Angella D. Ferguson ◽  
Melvin E. Jenkins ◽  
Fred F. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
First Year Of Life

The time of occurrence of 12 neuromuscular patterns of behavior in the development of 2 groups of Negro infants from different socio-economic levels during the first year of life is presented. The Negro infants from the clinic showed acceleration over the Negro infants from private practice in their development from the 8th to the 35th week of life, after which time, the development of the 2 groups was essentially the same. The Negro infants as a group showed acceleration in their development when compared with a group of white infants studied in a similar manner by Aldrich except in 2 patterns, "smiling" and "vocalization." A marked similarity was noted during the first 30 weeks of life in the development of the white and Negro infants from private practice whose socio-economic backgrounds were substantially similar. The differences and similarities observed in the neuromuscular behavior in the 3 groups studied may be attributed mainly to environmental factors. The observed acceleration in the Negro infants is apparently an expression of greater permissiveness in daily care as practiced by the mothers or mother substitutes in the lower socio-economic classes.

Effects of the timing of ploughing-in temporary leguminous pastures and two winter cover crops on nitrogen mineralization, nitrate leaching and spring wheat growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Francis ◽  
R. J. Haynes ◽  
P. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARYTwo field experiments at Canterbury, New Zealand during 1991–93 investigated the effect of the timing of ploughing a 4-year-old ryegrass/white clover pasture and the effect of two winter cover crops on subsequent N mineralization, nitrate leaching and growth and N uptake of the following wheat crops.Net N mineralization of organic N (of plant and soil origin) increased with increased fallow period between ploughing and leaching. The total amount of N accumulated in the profile by the start of winter ranged from 107 to 131 and from 42 to 45 kg N/ha for fallow treatments started in March and May respectively. Winter wheat (planted in May) had no effect on mineral N contents by the start of winter, whereas greenfeed (GF) oats (planted in March) significantly reduced the mineral N content in one year.Cumulative leaching losses over the first winter after ploughing-in pasture varied markedly between years in relation to rainfall amount and distribution. Leaching losses were greater from the March fallow (72–106 kg N/ha) than the May fallow treatments (8–52 kg N/ha). Winter wheat did not reduce leaching losses in either year. GF oats did not reduce losses in 1991/92, but losses in 1992/93, when major drainage events occurred late in the winter, were only c. 40% of those under fallow.Incorporation of a large amount (> 7 t/ha dry matter) of pasture or GF oat residue in spring depressed yield and total N uptake of the following spring wheat, largely due to net N immobilization which could be overcome by the application of fertilizer N.First-year treatments had very little residual effect in the second year. Leaching losses over the second winter (mean 142 kg N/ha) were largely unaffected by the extent of first year leaching losses. Second year leaching losses were greater than first year losses, probably due to the greater amount of mineral N at depth in the soil before the start of the second winter.

scholarly journals Influence of increasing doses of nitrogen on feed productivity of perennial grasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
State Register ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

In the course of the experiment, the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of clover of the meadow variety Nadezhny, entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2012, was analyzed. A comparison is also made of this influence with the timothy of the meadow variety Leningradskaya 204. It was established that the pre-sowing introduction of mineral nitrogen for clover and timothy has influenced the productivity of these crops, but the nature of this effect varies depending on the type of grass. The introduction of N20 against the background of P30K90, which provided an increase in control of 51.2% for green mass and 33.6% for air-dry matter, was optimal for meadow clover of the first year of life. For grassland clover second year of life, the best option was N0P30K90, which gave an increase of 56.6% to the control on green mass and 50.6% on air-dry matter. A further increase in the dose of nitrogen on the options caused a decrease in yield increase. Timothy meadow for two years of life was traced responsiveness to the provision of nitrogen. The most productive in all respects was the option N120P30K90.    

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS DEL CRECIMIENTO Y LA MORTALIDAD DE ANISOTREMUS INTERRUPTUS (GILL) (PERCIFORMES: HAEMULIDAE) EN LA COSTA DE COLIMA, MÉXICO

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Espino Barr ◽  
Manuel Gallardo Cabello ◽  
Fernando González Orozco ◽  
Arturo Garcia Boa
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Mortality Analysis

This paper deals with the growth and mortality analysis of the burrito grunt A n i s o t remus interru p t u s on the coast of Colima, México. The estimated growth parameters are: L¥ = 50.59 cm; W¥ = 5,051.04 g; k = 0.147 years- 1; to = -0.916 years; A0 . 9 5 = 19.46 years. Most of the growth occurred during the first year of life, when the grunt grows 12.52 cm, the second year it grows 4.95 cm and the third, 4.60 cm. The highest value of the condition index took place between February and September. The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated as 0.53 years- 1. These values are basic for the plan of administration of the fishery of this species.

scholarly journals Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Verd ◽  
Gemma Ginovart ◽  
Javier Calvo ◽  
Jaume Ponce-Taylor ◽  
Antoni Gaya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of this review is to evaluate changes in protein parameters in the second year postpartum. There is considerable agreement among authors about the declining trend of human milk protein concentrations, but most research on protein content in breast milk focuses on the first year of life and comes from developed countries. Whereas this is the case for exclusive breastfeeding or for breastfeeding into the first year of life, the opposite applies to weaning or extended breastfeeding. This review is predominantly based on observational epidemiological evidence and on comparative research linking breast milk composition with cutting down on breastfeeding. Studies dating back several decades have shown an increase in the proportion of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and serum albumin during weaning. According to the limited data available, it seems likely that the regulation of milk protein composition during involution can be ascribed to alterations in tight junctions. In studies on humans and other mammalian species, offspring suckle more from mothers that produce more dilute milk and the increase in milk protein concentration is positively correlated to a decrease in suckling frequency during weaning. High milk protein contents were first reported in nonindustrial communities where breastfeeding is sustained the longest, but recent papers from urbanized communities have taken credit for rediscovering the increase in protein content of human milk that becomes evident with prolonged breastfeeding. This review presents an overview of the changes in breast milk protein parameters in the second year postpartum to enable milk banks’ practitioners to make informed nutritional decisions on preterm infants.

TRENDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-650
Author(s):  
C. COLLINS-WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
First Year ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

ACCIDENTS, at the present time, are one of the principal causes of death, particularly among children. In Canada approximately 1,500 children die each year as the result of accidents, a mortality greater than that due to the 10 acute infectious diseases of childhood combined. During the five year period 1942-46 inclusive, in Canada, accidents stood in eighth place as a cause of death during the first year of life, in third place during the second year, and in first place during each year after infancy up to the fifteenth birthday. During the same period, 21% of the deaths between the first and fifteenth birthdays were due to accidents. In this age of preventive medicine when our chief purpose as physicians is the prevention of morbidity and mortality, we, as pediatricians, cannot neglect this extremely important phase of child care. In any campaign to reduce the number of accidents, there are three ways in which the physician can play an important part. Firstly, the general public must be made aware of the seriousness of the situation and must be educated in the ways in which they, as citizens and parents, can help to reduce accidents. Secondly, the medical profession, working through its associations and publications, must stimulate all physicians to a concerted effort to reduce the number of accidents. Finally, and most important, the physician must concentrate on an educational program for his own private patients. A few words from the physician who looks after the child will do more to impress parents than will reams of propaganda published by someone unknown to them.

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