DYNAMICS OF EASTERN GOAT'S SEED YIELD DEPENDING ON THE SOWING PERIOD

Eastern goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) is one of the most priority crops among non-traditional species and its cultivation areas in different regions of the country tend to grow steadily. Due to the southern origin of eastern goat's rue in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone, it develops slowly in the first year of life, which requires studying its adaptive properties and developing agricultural techniques for new cultivation areas. An important agricultural method that determines the intensity of the development of eastern goat's rue plants in the year of sowing and the amount of seed yield in the next two years is the sowing period. It is optimal to sow in the early spring at the onset of physical ripeness of the soil, the permissible period is until the end of May.

KENTLERDE DİKEY TARIM VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK

Vertical farming is a technological farming method that allows to grow crops without the need for large fields, soil and climatic cycles as in traditional agriculture. This method is becoming increasingly important due to the fact that water, pesticides, fertilizers, labor, equipment, energy and transportation costs are low, efficiency and quality are high, livestock can be carried out simultaneously, it improves the architecture and air of the city, and it will increase the interest and contribution of the city people to agriculture. Since it is predicted that the world population will be 10 billion in 2050, the ecological balance will deteriorate further and fertile land areas will rapidly decrease due to global warming, many countries have started to actively apply this agricultural method. Although the initial investment costs are high, this agricultural practice, which has high sustainability in terms of its contribution to the economy, ecology and social integration in the long term, will be the most important agricultural industry of the future. For this method, which is important in terms of sustainable agriculture, arrangements should be made in state policies and legal issues, financial resources should be allocated in our country, and the participation of academics, private sector, municipalities, farmers and urban society in the process should be ensured.

Some Emerging Opportunities of Nanotechnology Development for Soilless and Microgreen Farming

Global food demand has increased in tandem with the world’s growing population, prompting calls for a new sustainable agricultural method. The scarcity of fertile soil and the world’s agricultural land have also become major concerns. Soilless and microgreen farming combined with nanotechnology may provide a revolutionary solution as well as a more sustainable and productive alternative to conventional farming. In this review, we look at the potential of nanotechnology in soilless and microgreen farming. The available but limited nanotechnology approaches in soilless farming include: (1) Nutrients nanoparticles to minimize nutrient losses and improve nutrient uptake and bioavailability in crops; (2) nano-sensing to provide real-time detection of p H, temperature, as well as quantifying the amount of the nutrient, allowing desired conditions control; and (3) incorporation of nanoparticles to improve the quality of substrate culture as crop cultivation growing medium. Meanwhile, potential nanotechnology applications in soilless and microgreen farming include: (1) Plant trait improvement against environmental disease and stress through nanomaterial application; (2) plant nanobionics to alter or improve the function of the plant tissue or organelle; and (3) extending the shelf life of microgreens by impregnating nanoparticles on the packaging or other preservation method.

Culturable Yeasts as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for a Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review

The extensive use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has negative consequences in terms of soil microbial biodiversity and environmental contamination. Faced with this growing concern, a proposed alternative agricultural method is the use of microorganisms as biofertilizers. Many works have been focused on bacteria, but the limited literature on yeasts and their potential ability to safely promote plant growth is gaining particular attention in recent years. Thus, the objective of this review is to highlight the application of yeasts as biological agents in different sectors of sustainable agricultural practices through direct or indirect mechanisms of action. Direct mechanisms include the ability of yeasts to provide soluble nutrients to plants, produce organic acids and phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid). Indirect mechanisms involve the ability for yeasts to act as biocontrol agents through their high antifungal activity and lower insecticidal and herbicidal activity, and as soil bioremediating agents. They also act as protective agents against extreme environmental factors by activating defense mechanisms. It is evident that all the aspects that yeasts offer could be useful in the creation of quality biofertilizers and biopesticides. Hence, extensive research on yeasts could be promising and potentially provide an environmentally friendly solution to the increased crop production that will be required with a growing population.

Development of seed production elements of new grain beans variety Yuzhanka bred by FSBSI Federal Scientific Rice Centre

For the rapid distribution and successful cultivation of beans, it is necessary to develop methods of cultivation technology in accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of Krasnodar region. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the efficiency of irrigation, various doses of mineral nutrition and the use of the biological product Nitragin KM on grain beans crops. The effect of pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers under irrigation and rainfed conditions on phenological, morphological traits, yield and productivity of grain beans variety Yuzhanka has been studied. Analysis of the data on the yield of beans seeds showed that the most effective agricultural method for seed production of this crop is the introduction of mineral fertilizers on drip irrigation. With an increase in the level of mineral nutrition, the seed multiplication factor increased from 30 to 45 pcs/pcs on dry land and from 50 to 69 pcs/pcs during irrigation. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in yields both in rainfed and irrigated conditions. The highest yield of bean seeds of variety Yuzhanka was obtained with the use of fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 (1,77 t/ha on dry land and 3,04 t/ha on irrigated plots).

Geospatially Enabled Serious Gaming for Decision Support in Agroforestry System: A Conceptual Study

Natural resources are in a constant state of depletion. The main reason being over exploitation of these resources and not contributing to their replenishment. To deal with these challenges, ecologists, leaders and experts have recommended the adoption of an agroforestry agriculture system. Agroforestry is more sustainable agricultural method that provides a long term vision to combat food insecurity. In spite of agroforestry being very useful, still individuals can not foresee it’s advantages. Serious games can motivate people in agroforestry scenarios and involve users in high interaction. GIS is a tool that can help in decision of proper location for agroforestry depending upon past data or information available. This paper defines a conceptual study for serious game to dynamically create 3D real-world agro-forestry environments. The serious games aim to provide visualization, intuitive management, and analysis of geospatial, hydrological and economic data to help participants for the decision support in agroforestry systems.

Simple Feasibility Analysis Of Nitrogen-Fixing Cereals Project

<p>Nitrogen does not directly have advantages in human physiology system, but it holds one of the most critical roles in plants’ life cycle and productivity. Even though Nitrogen is the most abundant elements in the atmosphere, it is also the most deficient essential nutrients in plants. The proposed idea of the nitrogen-fixing GM crops, particularly wheat, is aimed to overcome those stated cons of the traditional diculture and nitrogen fertilizer. This analysis focus on the overview as well as the pro and cons of the genetically modified nitrogen-fixing plants in providing a better agricultural method. The genetically modifying method to generate a nitrogen-fixing non-legumes carries a significant chance of failure results and hindrance. The multilevel implication occurs when we need to modify the plants that not normally produce nodules in their roots to form the nodules and to modify the Nitrogen-fixing microbes to live in the nodules of non-legumes, which are not their natural dwelling places.</p><p>In conclusion, the genetically modified crops project to fix their Nitrogen is feasible, but the difficulties and the funds needed still outweigh the benefits obtained in the future. With all of those limitations, the target goal to erase famine in 2050 just by funding the nitrogen-fixing wheat alone seems to be too high to be reached. The funds and efforts should be better spent on other factors and farming methods.</p>

THE CYCLIC AGRICULTURAL METHOD, RITUAL OF THE BRU - VAN KIEU ETHNIC GROUP IN TALES

The Bru- Van Kieu ethnic group lives in the high mountains, they survive by farming on the fields in the mountains. Their tales told that the ancestor's cyclic agricultural method was not only for food production but also for a ritual. That's how they reached an agreement with nature for long-term survival. In Bru Van Kieu's thinking, fields are images of the miniature universe, including the measurement of time and space. Bru- Van Kieu people practice land rotation through 4 stages: selecting land and burning fields; hole punching, seeding; weeding; harvest. The rituals corresponding to the stages include: the ritual of choosing fields, choosing burning dates; the ritual of the beginning of the season; the ritual of sowing; the ritual of praying for rain and mother rice. They practice primitive agricultural rites with the notion of prosperity. For Bru- Van Kieu ethnic group, ritual acts are closely associated with agricultural labor.

PROXIMITY EFFECT OF SPRING CEREALS AND LEGUMES IN STRIP INTERCROPPING. PART IV. RESPONSE OF TRITICALE TO THE PROXIMITY OF WHEAT, BARLEY, PEA AND YELLOW LUPINE

Background. Because of its relatively low soil requirements and resistance to abiotic stress spring triticale is potentially a good component of mixtures (intercropping). The technologically easiest to use type of this agricultural method, i.e. mixed intercropping, despite having many advantages is not, unfortunately, gaining in importance due to problems related to crop protection and the variable composition of yield. An alternative is strip intercropping, which combines the advantages of pure sowing and intercropping. The production value of such cultivation depends on mutual interactions at the junction of neighbouring rows of different plant species. The aim of the undertaken experiments was to find out the response of spring triticale to the neighbouring occurrence of wheat, barley, pea and yellow lupine and to estimate the production effects of strip intercropping of triticale in the vicinity of plants of these species. Material and methods. This study uses the results of field experiments conducted as part of research on mixed sowings carried out in 2008–2010 in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz (53o13’ N; 17o51’ E). The experimental factor was the location of a plant row, within a strip, for the first four rows into the strip from the neighbouring species. The first row (contact row) was 12.5 cm away from the first row of the neighbouring species. The experimental unit was subsequent plant rows each four metres long. Results. Proximity of spring wheat, spring barley and pea was unfavourable for the growth and yield of spring triticale, especially in the row directly adjacent to a stand of the indicated species. The estimated reduction in triticale yield in strip intercropping, with three-meter wide strips in the two-sided neighbourhood of wheat, barley and pea, would amount to 2.67%, 4.85% and 4.36%, respectively. On the other hand, the proximity of yellow lupine resulted in a slight increase in the plant mass, including straw, the number of grains per spike and in grain yield, but only in the first row. The estimated increase in the yield of spring triticale grown in strip intercropping with yellow lupine, in 3-m-wide strips, was small and only amounted to 1.45%. Conclusion. The selection of plant species to neighbour with spring triticale in strip intercropping had a significant impact on the effect of spring triticale cultivation.

Influence of landing depth on morphological and biological signs of widely applicable in the greening flower-decorative cultures (Antirrhinum majus L., Petunia hybrida Vilm., Salvia splendens Sello ex Nees, Zinnia elegans Jacq.)

Information on the characteristics of the growth and development of plants of large snapdragon, hybrid petunia, sparkling sage, elegant zinnia, depending on the depth of planting is provided. Characteristics of the main morphological signs are given, data on the height of plants, the number of lateral axes, buds, flowers, fruits, leaves, weight and number of roots of deeply planted and control plants are presented; provides information on vegetation periods; ways to improve the agricultural technology of transplants of indicated plants are identified. It is shown that deep planting is an economically viable rational agricultural method that helps to increase the decorativeness of plants, their earlier, long and plentiful flowering, and to improve the aesthetic expressiveness of flower beds without additional labor and material costs.