scholarly journals Kashmiri Wazwan: Are We Listening to Our Endothelium?

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
M Fuad Jan ◽  
Suhail Allaqband
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Blood Pressure Homeostasis ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

In animal models of diet-induced obesity, hypercaloric (4.6 Kcal/g) diets have been shown to have metabolic hormonal effects, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and changes in leptin profiles 1, as well as undesirable effects on blood pressure homeostasis and even cardiac remodeling. Such effects have been directly and inversely correlated with saturated and unsaturated lipid consumption, respectively. In these experimental models, it also has been elegantly demonstrated that a variety of alterations in cardiac structure and function occur due to reduced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, alterations in Ca2+ handling proteins and beta-adrenergic receptors2-5. JMS 2013;16(2):72-74

Abstract P138: Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Young Adults Born Extremely Preterm: Impact of Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Oneeb Rehman Mian ◽  
Jean-Luc Bigras ◽  
Rafael Fernandes ◽  
Mariane Bertagnolli ◽  
Li Feng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Objective: Studies support a causal association between preterm birth and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increased left and right ventricular mass and impaired systolic and diastolic function has been reported in young adults born preterm. However, the impact of extreme preterm birth and prematurity-specific complications on adult cardiac structure and function has not been evaluated. We assessed cardiac structure and function in young adults born extremely preterm (EPT) versus term, and correlated long term cardiac remodeling with neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods: Eighty five EPT (gest. age = 27.1±1.4 weeks) were recruited along with term-born controls matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. Birth and neonatal data (gestational age, birth weight, BPD indicated by O 2 requirements at 36 weeks postmenstrual age) was collected. Ambulatory blood pressure (Spacelabs) and echocardiographic measurements (Phillips) were taken. Comparisons were performed using ANOVA or T-test. Results: EPT presented with increased systolic (119±9 vs 116±8 mmHg, P<0.05) and diastolic (68±5 vs 66±6 mmHg, P<0.05) blood pressures. EPT exhibited reduced septal thickness (IVS, 6.8±0.8 vs 7.1±1.1 mm, P<0.05), left ventricular internal dimension (LVID, 46±4 vs 48±5 mm, P<0.05), LV end-diastolic (98±20 vs 106±24 ml, P<0.05) and end-systolic (36±9 vs 40±11 ml, P<0.01) volumes, right ventricular internal dimension (RVID, 22±3 vs 24±4 mm, P<0.05), and LV mass (104±27 vs 115±30 g, P<0.05), but similar LV mass and volume indexes. EPT exhibited increased LV myocardial performance index (0.41±0.04 vs 0.39±0.04, P<0.01), reduced mitral lateral e’ (17.6±2.8 vs 19.1±2.6 cm/s, P<0.01), mitral s’ (10.7±2.3 vs 11.6±2.3 cm/s, P<0.01), tricuspid E’ (15.8±2.7 vs 16.8±2.1 cm/s, P<0.05), and tricuspid S’ (13.1±2.0 vs 14.0±2.0 cm/s, P<0.01) waves, and a trend in reduced mitral E wave (81±14 vs 85±15 cm/s, P=0.09). EPT with neonatal BPD exhibited greater reduction in IVS (6.5±0.8 mm, P<0.05 vs terms), LVID (45±4 mm, P<0.05), LV Mass (98±22 g, P<0.05), and RVID (20±3 mm, P<0.01). Conclusions: EPT exhibit cardiac structural and functional alterations compared to term-born individuals. Neonatal BPD in EPT is a key contributor to long term cardiac remodeling.

Abstract 193: Multiple Prior Live Births Are Associated With Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure in Women

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sarma ◽  
Samantha Paniagua ◽  
Elizabeth Liu ◽  
Emily Lau ◽  
Martin Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Greater parity has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, though effects on cardiac remodeling and heart failure risk remain unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that multiple prior live births are associated with (1) structural and functional cardiac remodeling and (2) risk of future heart failure. Methods: We examined the association of number of live births and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in women participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) using multivariable linear regression. We next examined the association of parity with incident heart failure (HFpEF, HFrEF) using Cox models in a pooled analysis of n=10,431 participants of FHS, the Cardiovascular Health Study, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Results: Among n=3931 FHS participants (mean age 48 ± 13 years), higher number of live births was associated with worse LV fractional shortening (multivariable β -1.11 (0.31), p= 0.0005 in ≥ 5 live births vs nulliparous women, p trend= 0.02, Figure ). In addition, greater parity was associated with worse cardiac mechanics including global circumferential strain and longitudinal and radial dyssynchrony (p< 0.01 for all comparing ≥ 5 live births vs nulliparity). Over a mean follow-up of 11.7 ± 3.2 years, 298 HFpEF and 225 HFrEF events occurred. Women with ≥5 live births were at higher risk of developing future HFrEF compared with nulliparous women (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.19-3.12, p=0.008); by contrast, a lower risk of HFpEF was observed (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91, p=0.02, p trend= 0.04). Conclusions: Greater number of live births are associated with worse cardiac structure and function, as well as increased risk of incident HFrEF. Further studies are needed to better understand mechanisms by which repeated pregnancies portend adverse cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Temporal Measures in Cardiac Structure and Function During the Development of Obesity Induced by Different Types of Western Diet in a Rat Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Fernandes Vileigas ◽  
Cecília Lume de Carvalho Marciano ◽  
Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza ◽  
Paula Grippa Sant’Ana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Obesity is recognized worldwide as a complex metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions and is often associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. To study this pathology and evaluate cardiac function, several models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) have been developed. The Western diet (WD) is one of the most widely used models; however, variations in diet composition and time period of the experimental protocol make comparisons challenging. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different types of Western diet on cardiac remodeling in obese rats with sequential analyses during a long-term follow-up. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups fed with control diet (CD), Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. The animal nutritional profile and cardiac histology were assessed at the 41st week. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram at four different moments: 17, 25, 33, and 41 weeks. A noninvasive method was performed to assess systolic blood pressure at the 33rd and 41st week. The animals fed with WD (WDF and WDS) developed pronounced obesity with an average increase of 86.5% in adiposity index at the end of the experiment. WDF and WDS groups also presented hypertension. The echocardiographic data showed no structural differences among the three groups, but WDF animals presented decreased endocardial fractional shortening and ejection fraction at the 33rd and 41st week, suggesting altered systolic function. Moreover, WDF and WFS animals did not present hypertrophy and interstitial collagen accumulation in the left ventricle. In conclusion, both WD were effective in triggering severe obesity in rats; however, only the WDF induced mild cardiac dysfunction after long-term diet exposure. Further studies are needed to search for an appropriate DIO model with relevant cardiac remodeling.

scholarly journals Cardiac structure and function and insulin resistance in morbid obese patients: does superobesity play a further role?

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P737-P737
Author(s):  
F. Antonini-Canterin ◽  
A. D. Mateescu ◽  
V. Di Bello ◽  
S. Carerj ◽  
C. Zito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Morbid Obese ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Cardiac Structure and Function and Insulin Resistance in Morbidly Obese Patients: Does Superobesity Play an Additional Role?

Cardiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Antonini-Canterin ◽  
Anca D. Mateescu ◽  
Olga Vriz ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
Vitantonio Di Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Additional Role

scholarly journals Changes in cardiac structure and function with aging

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanushree Agrawal ◽  
Sherif F. Nagueh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Aging is associated with progressive changes in cardiac structure and function. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and disease also increases profoundly with advancing age. Therefore, understanding the spectrum of physiological changes in the aging heart is crucial for the identification and risk stratification of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss echocardiographic features of age-related cardiac remodeling.

scholarly journals Variations in Energy Metabolism Precede Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in Hypertrophic Preconditioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jiayuan Huang ◽  
Jieyun You ◽  
Zhiwen Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Recent studies have unveiled that myocardial hypertrophic preconditioning (HP), which is produced by de-banding (De-TAC) of short-term transverse aortic constriction (TAC), protects the heart against hypertrophic responses caused by subsequent re-constriction (Re-TAC) in mice. Although cardiac substrate metabolism is impaired in heart failure, it remains unclear about the role of HP-driven energetics in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we investigated energy metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy, and function following variational loading conditions, as well as their relationships in HP. Male C57BL/6J mice (10–12 weeks old) were randomly subjected to Sham, HP [TAC for 3days (TAC 3d), de-banding the aorta for 4 days (De-TAC 4d), and then re-banding the aorta for 4 weeks (Re-TAC 4W)], and TAC (TAC for 4 weeks without de-banding). Cardiac echocardiography, hemodynamics, and histology were utilized to evaluate cardiac remodeling and function. The mRNA expression levels of fetal genes (ANP and BNP), glucose metabolism-related genes (glut4, pdk4), and fatty acid oxidation-related genes (mcad, pgc1α, mcd, pparα) were quantitated by real-time quantitative PCR. Activation of hypertrophy regulators ERK1/2, a metabolic stress kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its downstream target acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC) were explored by western blot. Compared with TAC 4W mice, Re-TAC 4W mice showed less impairment in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, as well as less cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Moreover, no significant difference was found in myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac function in TAC 3d and De-TAC 4d groups compared with Sham group. However, glut4, pdk4, mcad, pgc1α, mcd, and pparα were all decreased, while AMPK and ACC were activated in TAC 3d and returned to Sham level in De-TAC 4d, suggesting that the change in myocardial energy metabolism in HP mice was earlier than that in cardiac structure and function. Collectively, HP improves energy metabolism and delays cardiac remodeling, highlighting that early metabolic improvements drive a potential beneficial effect on structural and functional restoration in cardiac hypertrophy.

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