scholarly journals Texture segregation depends on right-hemisphere attention-related brain areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphreys Glyn
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Texture Segregation

The expressivity dimension of speech is the basis of the expression dimension. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Hesling
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Word List ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
List Processing ◽  
The Right

The modalities of communication are the sum of the expression dimension (linguistics) and the expressivity dimension (prosody), both being equally important in language communication. The expressivity dimension which comes first in the act of speech, is the basis on which phonemes, syllables, words, grammar and morphosyntax, i.e., the expression dimension of speech is superimposed. We will review evidence (1) revealing the importance of prosody in language acquisition and (2) showing that prosody triggers the involvement of specific brain areas dedicated to sentences and word-list processing. To support the first point, we will not only rely on experimental psychology studies conducted in newborns and young children but also on neuroimaging studies that have helped to validate these behavioral experiments. Then, neuroimaging data on adults will allow for concluding that the expressivity dimension of speech modulates both the right hemisphere prosodic areas and the left hemisphere network in charge of the expression dimension

Semantic Cortical Activation in Dyslexic Readers

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Helenius ◽  
Riitta Salmelin ◽  
Elisabet Service ◽  
John F. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Control Subjects

The combined temporal and spatial resolution of MEG (magnetoencephalography) was used to study whether the same brain areas are similarly engaged in reading comprehension in normal and developmentally dyslexic adults. To extract a semantically sensitive stage of brain activation we manipulated the appropriateness of sentence-ending words to the preceding sentence context. Sentences, presented visually one word at a time, either ended with a word that was (1) expected, (2) semantically appropriate but unexpected, (3) semantically anomalous but sharing the initial letters with the expected word, or (4) both semantically and orthographically inappropriate to the sentence context. In both subject groups all but the highly expected sentence endings evoked strong cortical responses, localized most consistently in the left superior temporal cortex, although additional sources were occasionally found in more posterior parietal and temporal areas and in the right hemisphere. Thus, no significant differences were found in the spatial distribution of brain areas involved in semantic processing between fluent and dyslexic readers. However, both timing and strength of activation clearly differed between the two groups. First, activation sensitivity to word meaning within a sentence context began about 100 msec later in dyslexic than in control subjects. This is likely to result from affected presemantic processing stages in dyslexic readers. Second, the neural responses were significantly weaker in dyslexic than in control subjects, indicating involvement of a smaller or less-synchronous neural population in reading comprehension. Third, in contrast to control subjects, the dyslexic readers showed significantly weaker activation to semantically inappropriate words that began with the same letters as the most expected word than to both orthographically and semantically inappropriate sentence-ending words. Thus, word recognition by the dyslexic group seemed to be qualitatively different: Whereas control subjects perceived words as wholes, dyslexic subjects may have relied on sublexical word recognition and occasionally mistook a correctly beginning word for the one they had expected.

scholarly journals Regional and Temporal Differences in Brain Activity With Morally Good or Bad Judgments in Men: A Magnetoencephalography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotoshi Hiraishi ◽  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Daisuke N. Saito ◽  
Chiaki Hasegawa ◽  
Sachiko Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Theta Waves

Many neuroimaging studies on morality focus on functional brain areas that relate to moral judgment specifically in morally negative situations. To date, there have been few studies on differences in brain activity under conditions of being morally good and bad along a continuum. To explore not only the brain regions involved but also their functional connections during moral judgments, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG), which is superior to other imaging modalities for analyzing time-dependent brain activities; only men were recruited because sex differences might be a confounding factor. While analyses showed that general patterns of brain activation and connectivity were similar between morally good judgments (MGJs) and morally bad judgments (MBJs), activation in brain areas that subserve emotion and “theory of mind” on the right hemisphere was larger in MGJ than MBJ conditions. In the left local temporal region, the connectivity between brain areas related to emotion and reward/punishment was stronger in MBJ than MGJ conditions. The time-frequency analysis showed distinct laterality (left hemisphere dominant) occurring during early moral information processing in MBJ conditions compared to MGJ conditions and phase-dependent differences in the appearance of theta waves between MBJ and MGJ conditions. During MBJs, connections within the hemispheric regions were more robust than those between hemispheric regions. These results suggested that the local temporal region on the left hemisphere is more important in the execution of MBJs during early moral valence processing than in that with MGJs. Shorter neuronal connections within the hemisphere may allow to make MBJs punctual.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Lateralization during Pain Processing

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2416
Author(s):  
Carolina Roza ◽  
Anabel Martinez-Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Functional Lateralization ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
The Right

Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage”. This complex perception arises from the coordinated activity of several brain areas processing either sensory–discriminative or affective–motivational components. Functional studies performed in healthy volunteers revealed that affective–emotional components of pain are processed bilaterally but present a clear lateralization towards the right hemisphere, regardless of the site of stimulation. Studies at the cellular level performed in experimental animal models of pain have shown that neuronal activity in the right amygdala is clearly pronociceptive, whilst activation of neurons in the left amygdala might even exert antinociceptive effects. A shift in lateralization becomes evident during the development of chronic pain; thus, in patients with neuropathic pain symptoms, there is increased activity in ipsilateral brain areas related with pain. These observations extend the asymmetrical left–right lateralization within the nervous system and provide a new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of chronic forms of pain. In this article, we will review experimental data from preclinical and human studies on functional lateralization in the brain during pain processing, which will help to explain the affective disorders associated with persistent, chronic pain.

scholarly journals Larger whole brain grey matter associated with long-term Sahaja Yoga Meditation: A detailed area by area comparison

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0237552
Author(s):  
Sergio Elías Hernández ◽  
Roberto Dorta ◽  
José Suero ◽  
Alfonso Barros-Loscertales ◽  
José Luis González-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Yoga Meditation

Objectives Our previous study showed that long-term practitioners of Sahaja Yoga Meditation (SYM) had around 7% larger grey matter volume (GMV) in the whole brain compared with healthy controls; however, when testing individual regions, only 5 small brain areas were statistically different between groups. Under the hypothesis that those results were statistically conservative, with the same dataset, we investigated in more detail the regional differences in GMV associated with the practice of SYM, with a different statistical approach. Design Twenty-three experienced practitioners of SYM and 23 healthy non-meditators matched on age, sex and education level, were scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their GMV were extracted and compared using Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM). Using a novel ad-hoc general linear model, statistical comparisons were made to observe if the GMV differences between meditators and controls were statistically significant. Results In the 16 lobe area subdivisions, GMV was statistically significantly different in 4 out of 16 areas: in right hemispheric temporal and frontal lobes, left frontal lobe and brainstem. In the 116 AAL area subdivisions, GMV difference was statistically significant in 11 areas. The GMV differences were statistically more significant in right hemispheric brain areas. Conclusions The study shows that long-term practice of SYM is associated with larger GMV overall, and with significant differences mainly in temporal and frontal areas of the right hemisphere and the brainstem. These neuroplastic changes may reflect emotional and attentional control mechanisms developed with SYM. On the other hand, our statistical ad-hoc method shows that there were more brain areas with statistical significance compared to the traditional methodology which we think is susceptible to conservative Type II errors.

scholarly journals Asymmetry in the Central Nervous System: A Clinical Neuroscience Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annakarina Mundorf ◽  
Jutta Peterburs ◽  
Sebastian Ocklenburg
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Clinical Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
The Right

Recent large-scale neuroimaging studies suggest that most parts of the human brain show structural differences between the left and the right hemisphere. Such structural hemispheric asymmetries have been reported for both cortical and subcortical structures. Interestingly, many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have been associated with altered functional hemispheric asymmetries. However, findings concerning the relation between structural hemispheric asymmetries and disorders have largely been inconsistent, both within specific disorders as well as between disorders. In the present review, we compare structural asymmetries from a clinical neuroscience perspective across different disorders. We focus especially on recent large-scale neuroimaging studies, to concentrate on replicable effects. With the notable exception of major depressive disorder, all reviewed disorders were associated with distinct patterns of alterations in structural hemispheric asymmetries. While autism spectrum disorder was associated with altered structural hemispheric asymmetries in a broader range of brain areas, most other disorders were linked to more specific alterations in brain areas related to cognitive functions that have been associated with the symptomology of these disorders. The implications of these findings are highlighted in the context of transdiagnostic approaches to psychopathology.

scholarly journals A Bridge between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: An Overview of the Neurobiological Effects of Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Holding Environment ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
New Model ◽  
Psychological Evolution ◽  
The Right ◽  
Attachment Process

This study sets out to investigate the mechanisms by which psychoanalytical psychotherapy can induce neurobiological changes. From Neuroscience which, in accordance with his thinking at the time, Freud never disregarded, the concepts of neuronal plasticity, enriched environment and the neurobiological aspects of the attachment process. From Psychoanalysis, the theory of transference, M. Mahler’s psychological evolution model, the concept of the regulating function of the self-objects and Winnicott’s holding environment concept. Together these provide a useful bridge toward the understanding of the neurobiological changes resulting from psychoanalytical psychotherapy. One concludes that psychoanalytical psychotherapy, through transference, acts as a new model of object relation and learning which furthers the development of certain brain areas, specifically, the right hemisphere, and the prefrontal and limbic cortices, which have a regulating function on affects.

scholarly journals Right-sided brain lesions predominate among patients with lesional mania: evidence from a systematic review and pooled lesion analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernardo Barahona-Corrêa ◽  
Gonçalo Cotovio ◽  
Rui M. Costa ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Velosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Lesion Topography ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite claims that lesional mania is associated with right-hemisphere lesions, supporting evidence is scarce, and association with specific brain areas has not been demonstrated.AimsTo test whether focal brain lesions in lesional mania are more often right-than left-sided, and if lesions converge on areas relevant to mood regulation.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search (PROSPERO registration CRD42016053675) on PubMed and Web-Of-Science, using terms that reflected diagnoses and structures of interest, and lesional mechanisms. Two researchers reviewed the articles separately according to PRISMA Guidelines, to select reports of adult-onset hypomania, mania or mixed state following a focal brain lesion. When available, eligible lesion images were manually traced onto the corresponding slices of MNI space, and lesion topography analyzed using standard brain atlases. Pooled-analyses of individual patient data were performed.ResultsData from 207 lesional mania patients was extracted from 110 reports. Among patients with focal lesions (N=197) more patients had lesions involving the right (84.3%) than the left (34.5%) hemisphere. Among 54 lesion images that were available, right-sided predominance of lesions was confirmed, and found to be was conserved across multiple brain regions, including the temporal lobe, fusiform gyrus and thalamus. These, in addition to several frontal lobe areas, were also identified as preferential lesion sites in comparisons with control lesions.ConclusionsPooled-analyses, based on the most comprehensive dataset of lesional mania available to date, confirm a preferential association with right-hemisphere lesions, while suggesting that several brain areas/circuits, relevant to mood regulation, are most frequently affected.

scholarly journals Brain Areas Involved in Perception of Biological Motion

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grossman ◽  
M. Donnelly ◽  
R. Price ◽  
D. Pickens ◽  
V. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Motion ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Region Matching ◽  
Kinetic Boundary ◽  
Point Light ◽  
The Right ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion

These experiments use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal neural activity uniquely associated with perception of biological motion. We isolated brain areas activated during the viewing of point-light figures, then compared those areas to regions known to be involved in coherent-motion perception and kinetic-boundary perception. Coherent motion activated a region matching previous reports of human MT/MST complex located on the temporo-parieto-occipital junction. Kinetic boundaries activated a region posterior and adjacent to human MT previously identified as the kinetic-occipital (KO) region or the lateral-occipital (LO) complex. The pattern of activation during viewing of biological motion was located within a small region on the ventral bank of the occipital extent of the superior-temporal sulcus (STS). This region is located lateral and anterior to human MT/MST, and anterior to KO. Among our observers, we localized this region more frequently in the right hemisphere than in the left. This was true regardless of whether the point-light figures were presented in the right or left hemifield. A small region in the medial cerebellum was also active when observers viewed biological-motion sequences. Consistent with earlier neuroimaging and single-unit studies, this pattern of results points to the existence of neural mechanisms specialized for analysis of the kinematics defining biological motion.

Abstract TP158: Direct Path Functional Connectivity Changes in Stroke Survivors’ Brain Motor Areas Using a Brain Computer Interface Intervention for Upper Extremity Recovery

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Remsik ◽  
Erik Bjorklund ◽  
Leroy Williams ◽  
Klevest Gjini ◽  
Mohson Mazrooyisebdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Direct Path ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Spectral Density Matrix ◽  
Motor Areas

Objective: This research seeks to identify changes in frequency specific directional flow of information transmission (functional connectivity) as a result of BCI intervention. Direct path functional connectivity (isolated effective coherence (iCOH)) changes between motor-related brain areas (Brodmann areas (BA) 1-7) are thought to relate to electrophysiological signatures of motor learning. Methods: N=16 right hemisphere stroke survivors participated in 9-15 sessions with the BCI. Participants executed hand movements prompted by visual cues on a monitor concordantly with the corresponding audio instructions (e.g., Left, Right, Rest). The ‘screening’ sessions (i.e. pre and post BCI intervention) contained two runs, each consisting of 15 trials for rest, left hand, and right hand movements (i.e., 5 trials for each of the three conditions, the order of trials in a run was random). iCOH is based on formulating a multivariate autoregressive model from time series measurements, and calculating the corresponding partial coherences after setting all irrelevant connections to zero, according to Pascual-Marqui et al. 2014. From the spectral density matrix (including Mu[8-12 Hz] and Beta[18-26 Hz] ranges) obtained from estimated signals in the selected ROI, the partial coherences between any pair of nodes can be calculated. The t-statistics was performed for iCOH values between post and pre of the impaired (left) hand movement trials and thresholded at p=0.05( t=2.13, uncorrected). Results: In the Mu band, iCOH decreased pre to post from contralesional BA 4 to ipsilesional BA 5 and increased from ipsilesional BA 4 to ipsilesional BA 6. In Beta band, iCOH decreased pre to post from ipsilesional BA 5 to contralesional BA 7 and increased from ipsilesional BA 4 and & contralesional BA 7 to ipsilesional BA 6 and also from ipsilesional BA 1,2,3 to contralesional BA 4. Conclusion: There is a consistent change in the direction of information flow, as measured by iCOH, toward the ipsilesional motor and pre-motor areas (BA 4,6). Significant iCOH increases are observed in both Mu and Beta from ipsilesional BA 4 to ipsilesional BA 6 suggesting an increase in participation of motor brain areas associated with motor planning and execution with participation in BCI intervention.

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