scholarly journals Biotechnology and Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Part II: Cell and Tissue Engineering Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Jemni-Damer ◽  
Atocha Guedan-Duran ◽  
María Fuentes-Andion ◽  
Nora Serrano-Bengoechea ◽  
Nuria Alfageme-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intraocular Drug Delivery

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is an up-to-date untreatable chronic neurodegenerative eye disease of multifactorial origin, and the main causes of blindness in over 65 y.o. people. It is characterized by a slow progression and the presence of a multitude of factors, highlighting those related to diet, genetic heritage and environmental conditions, present throughout each of the stages of the illness. Current therapeutic approaches, mainly consisting on intraocular drug delivery, are only used for symptoms relief and/or to decelerate the progression of the disease. Furthermore, they are overly simplistic and ignore the complexity of the disease and the enormous differences in the symptomatology between patients. Due to the wide impact of the AMD and the up-to-date absence of clinical solutions, Due to the wide impact of the AMD and the up-to-date absence of clinical solutions, different treatment options have to be considered. Cell therapy is a very promising alternative to drug-based approaches for AMD treatment. Cells delivered to the affected tissue as a suspension have shown poor retention and low survival rate. A solution to these inconveniences has been the encapsulation of these cells on biomaterials, which contrive to their protection, gives them support, and favor their retention of the desired area. We offer a two-papers critical review of the available and under development AMD therapeutic approaches, from a biomaterials and biotechnological point of view. We highlight benefits and limitations and we forecast forthcoming alternatives based on novel biomaterials and biotechnology methods. In this second part we review the preclinical and clinical cell-replacement approaches aiming at the development of efficient AMD-therapies, the employed cell types, as well as the cell-encapsulation and cell-implant systems. We discuss their advantages and disadvantages and how they could improve the survival and integration of the implanted cells.

FUNCTIONAL METHODS OF EARLY DIAGNOSTICS OF AGE MACULAR DEGENERATION.(LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Azamat Yusupov ◽  
◽  
Mukhiddin Ziyoviddinov ◽  
Shavkat Mukhanov ◽  
O.O. Sobirov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Functional Diagnostics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Age Related

This article provides an unsystematic literature review devoted to analyzing the currently existing methods of functional diagnostics for age-related macular degeneration.The essence, advantages and disadvantages, and literature data on the use of such methods asphotostresstest, electrooculography, dark adaptation study, contrast sensitivity function assessment, light and color sensitivity study,electroretinographyand critical flicker fusion frequencyare described.Based on the analysis of literature data, itis shownthat currently, there is a need to searchfor informative and accessible methods of functional diagnostics in age-related macular degeneration, especially for its early diagnosis. The analysis has shown that the existing methods are mainly aimed either at fixing secondary morphological changes in the layer of pigment epithelial cells, at identifying the pathology of the pigment epithelium in conjunction with determining the function of photoreceptor elements, or at a comprehensive assessment of the structures of several layers of the retina. Keywords:age-related macular degeneration; methods of functional diagnostics; photostress test; electrooculography; contrast sensitivity

scholarly journals Age-related Macular Degeneration—Disease, Risk Factors, and Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Clyde Schultz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease of the posterior segment of the eye. It is has been diagnosed worldwide and primarily affects individuals over 50 years of age. The incidence of the disease increases with age and with the presence of certain genetic factors, which may indicate a disposition for disease progression. In addition to genetic factors and age, other factors may be involved in developing AMD. These include obesity and smoking, which are also linked to various cardiovascular conditions. There are two forms of AMD: wet and dry. Both forms may involve the build-up of drusen deposits in the posterior segment of the eye, but the wet form tends to be more severe due to the proliferation of blood vessels into the macula and retinal areas of the back of the eye, thus causing an individual’s vision to become ‘blocked’ or ‘shaded’ usually beginning at the center of the visual field. There are a variety of treatment options for AMD including surgery in the form of laser or photo therapy. The most current treatment options involve the injection of a biologic into the posterior segment of the eye. There are some severe adverse events with this approach but they tend to be rare.

scholarly journals Simulating Macular Degeneration to Investigate Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Macnamara ◽  
Celia Chen ◽  
Victor R. Schinazi ◽  
Dimitrios Saredakis ◽  
Tobias Loetscher
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Age Related

Purpose: Investigating difficulties during activities of daily living is a fundamental first step for the development of vision-related intervention and rehabilitation strategies. One way to do this is through visual impairment simulations. The aim of this review is to synthesize and assess the types of simulation methods that have been used to simulate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in normally sighted participants, during activities of daily living (e.g., reading, cleaning, and cooking).Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in five databases and a critical analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various AMD simulation methods (following PRISMA guidelines). The review focuses on the suitability of each method for investigating activities of daily living, an assessment of clinical validation procedures, and an evaluation of the adaptation periods for participants.Results: Nineteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. Contact lenses, computer manipulations, gaze contingent displays, and simulation glasses were the main forms of AMD simulation identified. The use of validation and adaptation procedures were reported in approximately two-thirds and half of studies, respectively.Conclusions: Synthesis of the methodology demonstrated that the choice of simulation has been, and should continue to be, guided by the nature of the study. While simulations may never completely replicate vision loss experienced during AMD, consistency in simulation methodology is critical for generating realistic behavioral responses under vision impairment simulation and limiting the influence of confounding factors. Researchers could also come to a consensus regarding the length and form of adaptation by exploring what is an adequate amount of time and type of training required to acclimatize participants to vision impairment simulations.

Epigenomic signatures in age-related macular degeneration: Focus on their role as disease modifiers and therapeutic targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2856-2867
Author(s):  
Valerio Caputo ◽  
Claudia Strafella ◽  
Andrea Termine ◽  
Carlo Fabrizio ◽  
Paola Ruffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Set Up ◽  
External Stimuli

Epigenetics is characterized by molecular modifications able to shape gene expression profiles in response to inner and external stimuli. Therefore, epigenetic elements are able to provide intriguing and useful information for the comprehension and management of different human conditions, including aging process, and diseases. On this subject, Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) represents one of the most frequent age-related disorders, dramatically affecting the quality of life of older adults worldwide. The etiopathogenesis is characterized by an interplay among multiple genetic and non-genetic factors, which have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, a deeper dissection of molecular machinery associated with risk, onset, progression and effectiveness of therapies is still missing. In this regard, epigenetic signals may be further explored to disentangle disease etiopathogenesis, the possible therapeutic avenues and the differential response to AMD treatment. This review will discuss the epigenomic signatures mostly investigated in AMD, which could be applied to improve the knowledge of disease mechanisms and to set-up novel or modified treatment options.

Current and Future Treatment Options for Nonexudative and Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Drugs & Aging ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 967-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M Comer ◽  
Thomas A Ciulla ◽  
Mark H Criswell ◽  
Michael Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Future Treatment ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Today and Future of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Liu ◽  
Bolin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Neovascular Amd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50 in developed countries. Understanding of the pathologic process, genetic mechanisms, and risk factors of this disease has the benefit of seeking newer and more effective treatment options. Current clinical therapy for AMD shows a dramatic change from a decade ago. Anti-VEGF drug therapy is regarded as the more effective treatment for neovascular AMD now, especially combining PDT therapy. In the future, the genetic and biochemical therapies may be the promising treatments for AMD. This paper will focus on the progress of pathology, candidate genes of AMD, risk factors, and the existing drugs or surgical therapies available, in order to present some new directions of care with the prospect of improved vision in many patients suffered from AMD.

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