scholarly journals Seismic Loss Estimation in Pre-1970 Residential RC Buildings: The Role of Infills and Services in Low–Mid-Rise Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Del Gaudio ◽  
Maria Teresa De Risi ◽  
Santa Anna Scala ◽  
Gerardo Mario Verderame
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Masonry Infills

The lessons learned after recent earthquakes have highlighted the key role played by infills and services in damage and loss of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings. Their influence in seismic performance and loss estimation of selected RC building case studies is thoroughly analyzed here. The case study selection aims to be representative of existing buildings built in Italy before 1970, and covers a different number of stories and design typologies. The seismic responses of the case-study buildings are numerically analyzed by means of non-linear static pushover analysis (PO) considering a lumped plasticity approach with a quadri-linear flexural response for beam/column elements (properly calibrated for RC elements reinforced with plain bars) and a tri-linear compressive-only axial response with diagonal concentric struts for infill panels (empirically derived from experimental data on hollow clay masonry walls). Economic loss estimation is carried out via a component-based methodology that relies on the main repairing activities and resultant costs required for the refurbishment of infills and services for different damage levels. Accordingly, a damage analysis is performed herein, given the intensity measure, based on a comparison between Interstory drift demand from PO analysis and drift-based fragility functions specific for masonry infills. Loss curves, relating the total building repair cost to peak ground acceleration (PGA), are presented and compared for the analyzed case study buildings to show their trends and quantify the incidence of infills and services with respect to the reconstruction cost. A comparison between these outcomes and those recently found in the literature emphasizes the robustness of the considered approach and the reliability of the hypotheses about damage and loss assessment.

scholarly journals Geomatic-Based Flood Loss Assessment and Its Application in an Eastern City of China

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Youjie Jin ◽  
Jianyun Zhang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Guoqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Flood Loss ◽  
Flood Disasters

Flash-flood disasters pose a serious threat to lives and property. To meet the increasing demand for refined and rapid assessment on flood loss, this study exploits geomatic technology to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data and put forward the comprehensive risk index (CRI) calculation with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Based on mathematical correlations between CRIs and actual losses of flood disasters in Weifang City, the direct economic loss rate (DELR) model and the agricultural economic loss rate (AELR) model were developed. The case study shows that the CRI system can accurately reflect the risk level of a flash-flood disaster. Both models are capable of simulating disaster impacts. The results are generally consistent with actual impacts. The quantified economic losses generated from simulation are close to actual losses. The spatial resolution is up to 100 × 100 m. This study provides a loss assessment method with high temporal and spatial resolution, which can quickly assess the loss of rainstorm and flood disasters. The method proposed in this paper, coupled with a case study, provides a reliable reference to loss assessment on flash floods caused disasters and will be helpful to the existing literature.

Case Studies

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-220
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Key Issues

This chapter offers a case study comparison in order to extrapolate lessons learned from different contexts and to investigate the key elements of effective mediation. The investigation and exploration looks at the following categories: (1) key lessons learned; (2) background of the conflict, including chronology of main event, causes of incompatibility, and balance of forces1; (3) pre-negotiation phase, including previous attempts to negotiate the issues and highlighting entry points for third parties; (4) negotiation phase, including style and strategy, key issues, participation and inclusivity, special considerations; and (5) assessment, including an appreciation of agreement, context, and outlook.

Meta-analysis of U.S. intermediated food markets: Measuring what matters

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake E. Angelo ◽  
Becca B.R. Jablonski ◽  
Dawn Thilmany
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Value ◽  
Study Development

Purpose A body of literature and case studies has developed as part of the reporting, outreach and evaluation of the local and regional food system projects supported by grants and other funders. Yet, there is concern that food value chains are promoted without adequately evaluating the viability of these businesses, or how these markets affect the performance and welfare of key stakeholders: farm vendors and local communities/economies. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews and summarizes a comprehensive set of U.S.-based case studies focused on food value chains. We conduct a meta-analysis to systematically capture what available case study evidence tells us about: 1) trends in the viability of food value chain businesses; 2) the impact of these businesses on participating farm vendors; and, 3) the associated community economic development outcomes (framed in terms of ‘wealth creation’). Findings In addition to sharing findings from the meta-analysis, we demonstrate how the lack of standardized protocols for case study development is a barrier to learning about metric comparisons, best practices, and what impacts these food value chain businesses may have. We conclude with some recommendations of how the field can move forward to evaluate and share lessons learned using more uniform, project-driven case study development. Originality/value This is the first study to conduct a systematic meta-analysis of U.S. food value chain businesses.

Statistical model for earthquake economic loss estimation using GDP and DPI: a case study from Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Moudi ◽  
Shiyu Yan ◽  
Bahador Bahramimianrood ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Liming Yao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Loss Estimation

scholarly journals Enterprise Architecture Implementation Is a Bumpy Ride: A Case Study in the Norwegian Public Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kristin S. Ajer ◽  
Dag Håkon Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
External Consultants

Enterprise architecture (EA) is a widespread approach for the development of new digital solutions in a planned and controlled way for large and complex organisations. EA is also viewed as a prerequisite for the digitalisation of the public sector. However, public sector organisations struggle to implement EA programmes, and research has demonstrated that organisational and managerial issues are critical obstacles to EA implementation. This study aims to increase our understanding of EA implementation in the public sector by investigating the central challenges for EA initiatives and to trace the progress of current EA initiatives in the Norwegian public sector. An additional goal is to disclose some ways to improve the situation. We conducted three interpretive case studies in the hospital, higher education, and labour and welfare sectors. We have identified 28 challenges to the EA initiatives. We find that organisational and technical complexities, as well as a limited understanding of EA and lack of formal EA governance mechanisms, are significant obstacles. Among others, the lack of understanding of EA and its methodology will lead to problems with anchoring the EA approach in the organisation and facilitating the necessary EA arrangements to induce the promised benefits of EA, which are necessary requirements to establish the EA initiative’s legitimacy and foster the organisation’s willingness to implement change. Our study provides four lessons learned for planning and implementing EA initiatives, as follows: #1. It is advisable to take small steps. #2. The use of external consultants should be carefully considered. #3. Formal architectural governance mechanisms are important for legitimacy and enforced use. #4. Executive commitment and understanding of EA are crucial for achieving a sustainable EA initiative. Finally, we find a common evolution of the EA initiatives through the phases of optimism, resistance, decline and finally, reconsolidation of the most persistent ones.

The Great Lakes Silviculture Library: Insights into a Case Study Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lane Moser ◽  
Eli S Sagor ◽  
Matthew B Russell ◽  
Marcella A Windmuller-Campione
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
The University

Abstract Innovation and knowledge exchange are critical to foster adaptive management and continual learning. Across the spectrum of knowledge exchange, ranging from peer-reviewed research to anecdotes, there is a largely untapped middle ground: real-world silvicultural case studies implemented and documented by foresters. The University of Minnesota Great Lakes Silviculture Library is a novel, freely available platform designed to enable foresters to exchange these case studies. Five years after its launch, we conducted focus groups with foresters from Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA, and Ontario, Canada, to explore the platform’s usage and value. Participants valued having access to examples of silvicultural treatments and their outcomes that they could easily digest, apply, and share. They gained new knowledge from management across administrative boundaries. They also appreciated the consistent, relatable case study format. However, participants noted that limited time was the primary barrier to wider authorship and readership. The Library enables information exchange across agencies and disciplines within natural resources, giving greater voice to practicing foresters and supplementing other sources of forestry knowledge. Study Implications In our experience, foresters have always valued opportunities to exchange ideas and anecdotes about silvicultural treatments. Case studies represent one way for foresters to communicate with each other and continue to learn by seeing a variety of silvicultural prescriptions implemented on the landscape. Documenting treatments and the supporting reasoning allows foresters to share lessons learned over the course of their career with others across administrative boundaries. Normalizing this documentation can create a positive feedback loop for a case study platform in which further case study submissions lead to increased visibility, use, and perceived value of the platform. As the case study platform becomes more relevant to foresters, the forestry profession as a whole benefits from the long-term documentation of an increasingly diverse array of treatments.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of the In-Plane Seismic Response of RC Infilled Frames

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Matteo Bagnoli ◽  
Ernesto Grande ◽  
Gabriele Milani
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Infilled Frames ◽  
Masonry Infills ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
The Common

Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infills are a very common structural typology worldwide for civil, strategic, or productive use. Damage to infills may cause danger for human lives and strongly affects economic losses, as shown during past earthquakes. In the current literature, different approaches are available for modeling the in-plane response of infilled frames and different constitutive laws generally calibrated on experimental tests. On the contrary, few and recent studies proposed formulas that account for the main properties of infills influencing their in-plane behavior to lateral forces. This paper presents a study finalized to derive a reliable model that is able to predict the monotonic and cyclic response of RC infilled masonry frames. To this end, after a critical analysis of the available literature, the authors combine among them two models, one for the monotonic response and the other for the cyclic one, by showing their reliability with reference to different experimental cases. Then, at the end of the paper, the derived models are employed to assess the seismic vulnerability of infills throughout a proposed procedure based on the common pushover analysis approach.

scholarly journals Implications of the use of different payment models

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Villalba-Romero ◽  
Champika Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Payment Models

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the payment models and financing structures used for road Infrastructure projects under public private partnerships (PPPs) in the UK. Comparison of funding and financial structures in the selected case studies exposes the risks and values of the models of payment utilised. This research also aims to identify relationships with payment certainty and financing debt restructuring. Design/methodology/approach – The paper compares several case studies representing the evolution of private finance initiative road infrastructure in the UK context. Templates were completed using semi- structured interviews during data collection; and a qualitative content analysis approach was employed for case study analysis. Findings – Lessons learned from using different payment methods show the benefit and limitations of adopting different forms of PPP in road development. Refinancing of projects presents substantial risks to the viability of a project, and benefits gained by the private sector. Further, refinancing brings no significant benefits to the public sector as well. Practical implications – Performance of selected case studies highlights emerging issues that need to be considered when adopting a PPP procurement route in roads projects. Financial markets have supported these projects under different risk profiles and payment models. They also have the potential to play a greater part in capitalising long-term investment in road projects and increase private sector participation in infrastructure development, generating more competition and innovation. Originality/value – This paper provides case study comparison and practical implications of recent PPP developments in road provision in the UK and the evolution of public policy in the subject.

scholarly journals Collecting case studies / exemplars of good practice to enrich The National Information Literacy Framework (Scotland)

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (105) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Margaret Irving
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Literacy Framework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
National Information ◽  
National Framework

This paper discusses the challenges, process and reasons for collecting case studies / exemplars of good practice from practitioners to enrich The National Information Literacy Framework (Scotland). The lessons learned show that there is a tendency for people to think they are not doing anything special and therefore do not respond to emails for exemplars of good practice. They are however once contacted happy to share their practice. It is therefore essential to use networks of contacts, leave plenty of time to talk, visit and work with people on submitting their work as a case study / exemplar. Sharing practice also contributes to professional development both for the individual and their community and to the field of research. Background information is provided on the national framework, the project funding, the project partners and the range of examples collected for different sectors. Plus use of templates and Web 2 tools.

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