scholarly journals Senescence and the Aging Immune System as Major Drivers of Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schroth ◽  
Christoph Thiemermann ◽  
Siân M. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease

Immunity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behdad Afzali ◽  
Claudia Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Immune Responsiveness ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fetal Antigens

Immunological health relies on a balance between immune responsiveness to foreign pathogens and tolerance to self-components, commensals, food-derived components, and semi-allogeneic fetal antigens. Disruptions of this balance are hallmarks of immunodeficiency diseases, autoimmune diseases, and pregnancy failure. Patients with chronic kidney disease are immunologically unique in demonstrating features of both chronic inflammation and acquired immunodeficiency—predisposing these individuals to the two commonest causes of death, namely cardiovascular disease and sepsis. Defects and abnormalities in almost all components of the immune system can be observed, although it is difficult to say whether the observations denote mechanism or effect. This chapter reviews, briefly, measurable immune system abnormalities in chronic kidney disease and some of the potential underlying mechanisms.

Using Human Stem Cells to Analyze the Effects of the Immune System on Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Victoria Anne D'Agostino ◽  
Truman Dunkley ◽  
Charles Toth
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Human Stem Cells

scholarly journals A Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota in Immunological and Nutritional Aspects

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Paulina Mertowska ◽  
Sebastian Mertowski ◽  
Julia Wojnicka ◽  
Izabela Korona-Głowniak ◽  
Ewelina Grywalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Dietary Factors

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is generally progressive and irreversible, structural or functional renal impairment for 3 or more months affecting multiple metabolic pathways. Recently, the composition, dynamics, and stability of a patient’s microbiota has been noted to play a significant role during disease onset or progression. Increasing urea concentration during CKD can lead to an acceleration of the process of kidney injury leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota that can increase the production of gut-derived toxins and alter the intestinal epithelial barrier. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the role of intestinal microbiota and the development of inflammation within the symbiotic and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota showed significant changes in kidney dysfunction. Several recent studies have determined that dietary factors can significantly influence the activation of immune cells and their mediators. Moreover, dietary changes can profoundly affect the balance of gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to present the importance and factors influencing the differentiation of the human microbiota in the progression of kidney diseases, such as CKD, IgA nephropathy, idiopatic nephropathy, and diabetic kidney disease, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. Moreover, the effects of nutrients, bioactive compounds on the immune system in development of chronic kidney disease were reviewed.

Characteris Tics and Causes of Immune Dysfunction Related to Uremia and Dialysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Borsato Hauser ◽  
Andréa E. M. Stinghen ◽  
Sawako Kato ◽  
Sérgio Bucharles ◽  
Carlos Aita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Pathologic Processes

From the immunologic viewpoint, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by disorders of both the innate and adaptive systems, generating a complex and still not fully understood immune dysfunction. Markers of a chronically activated immune system are closely linked to several complications of CKD and represent powerful predictors for mortality in the CKD population. On the other hand, CKD patients respond poorly to vaccination and to challenges such as bacterial infection. Interestingly, the main causes of death in patients with CKD are cardiovascular and infectious diseases, both being pathologic processes closely linked to immune function. Therefore, accelerated tissue degeneration (as a consequence of chronic inflammation) and increased rate of sepsis (because of a poorly orchestrated immune response) represent the most important targets for interventions aiming to reduce mortality in CKD patients. Understanding the mechanisms behind the immune dysfunction that is peculiar to CKD generates a perspective to improve outcomes in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Regulation of Autophagy and Inflammation Through Physical Exercise in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Protective Factor in Individuals Affected by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Matheus Ribeiro Bizuti ◽  
Júlia Leão Batista Simões ◽  
Gabriel Rossi Francisco ◽  
Gabrielli Drechsler ◽  
Fabiana Brum Haag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
World Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

In March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the rapid and uncontrollable spread of the new Coronavirus as a pandemic, given that this disease has high severity and morbidity and mortality. The epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was the city of Wuhan, China. Individuals with associated comorbidities, such as patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), are at increased risk of being affected by the severe form of the disease. In this sense, it is known that people with CKD have a more sedentary lifestyle, with reduced physical exercise. Thus, physical exercise is able to modulate the inflammatory process resulting from CKD, acting as a regulator of the immune system, as well as assisting in the control of renal autophagy. It appears that physical activity contributes to the improvement of the population's quality of life and acts as an effect of disease prevention. Hence, people who live with CKD in times of the pandemic of COVID-19, by adopting physical activity as a life practice, will have the consequence of strengthening the immune system by modulating inflammation and increasing the control of renal autophagy. Therefore, the practice of exercise is suggested when facing COVID-19.

scholarly journals Blastocystis and Schistosomiasis Coinfection in a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Young ◽  
Fred E. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent a spectrum of impaired immunity with effects on cellular immunity, soluble immune factors, and inflammation. As a result, infections due to impaired immune system responses are responsible for significant morbidity in patients with kidney disease. Because of immune dysfunction in CKD, these patients have reduced probability to clear infections and are susceptible to pathogenic effects of common organisms. We present a case of a patient with CKD coinfected withSchistosoma mansoniandBlastocystisspp. This appears to be the first reported association ofSchistosoma mansoniandBlastocystisspp. in a patient with CKD.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease – Chronic Liver Disease. An Immunologic Cross-talk

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Gh. Gluhovschi ◽  
Ligia Petrica ◽  
I. Sporea ◽  
Manuela Curescu ◽  
Silvia Velciov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between the kidney and other organs is notable. The bestknown is the relation with the cardiovascular system. Relationships with other organs are less studied, although their involvement sometimes dominates the clinical picture and the outcome of disease. The paper analyzes the kidney-liver relationship, namely chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease from an immune viewpoint. The immune system operates as a unitary whole. There is an interdependence between the immune system of the liver, considered a lymphoid organ, and the kidney, whose participation in immune processes is well-known. The most important chronic liver diseases are viral hepatitis B and C. Infection with these viruses can lead to renal involvement, producing mainly glomerular disease. At the same time, secondary glomerulonephritis can cause an unfavorable outcome of the primary disease. The relationship between chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease during chronic B and C hepatitis occurs via circulating immune complexes or complexes formed in situ. Cell-mediated immunity is also involved. The antiviral treatment of B and C hepatitis is also aimed at secondary glomerular disease. The participation of immune mechanisms raises the question of administering immunomodulating medication, a type of medication that influences viral replication - this is why it is associated with antiviral medication. Other two chronic liver diseases, namely liver cirrhosis, in which the main mechanism is a toxic one, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can produce via immune mechanisms glomerular involvement. In its turn, chronic kidney disease in advanced stages causes lipid metabolism disturbances with hypertriglyceridemia, which can influence fatty loading of the liver in the above-mentioned liver diseases. One can speak about a cross-talk between the liver and the kidney, in which immune mechanisms play an important role.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics: A Step behind the Comprehension of the Polygenic Influence on Oxidative Stress, Immune Deregulation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Granata ◽  
Alessandra Dalla Gassa ◽  
Gloria Bellin ◽  
Antonio Lupo ◽  
Gianluigi Zaza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Simultaneous Influence ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Global Health Problem

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing and global health problem with a great economic burden for healthcare system. Therefore to slow down the progression of this condition is a main objective in nephrology. It has been extensively reported that microinflammation, immune system deregulation, and oxidative stress contribute to CKD progression. Additionally, dialysis worsens this clinical condition because of the contact of blood with bioincompatible dialytic devices. Numerous studies have shown the close link between immune system impairment and CKD but most have been performed using classical biomolecular strategies. These methodologies are limited in their ability to discover new elements and enable measuring the simultaneous influence of multiple factors. The “omics” techniques could overcome these gaps. For example, transcriptomics has revealed that mitochondria and inflammasome have a role in pathogenesis of CKD and are pivotal elements in the cellular alterations leading to systemic complications. We believe that a larger employment of this technique, together with other “omics” methodologies, could help clinicians to obtain new pathogenetic insights, novel diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Finally, transcriptomics could allow clinicians to personalize therapeutic strategies according to individual genetic background (nutrigenomic and pharmacogenomic). In this review, we analyzed the available transcriptomic studies involving CKD patients.

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