scholarly journals Epigenetic Reprogramming Mediated by Maternal Diet Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids Protects From Breast Cancer Development in F1 Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata Abbas ◽  
Theodore Witte ◽  
William L. Patterson ◽  
Johannes F. Fahrmann ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been associated with lowered risks of developing certain types of cancers. We earlier reported that in transgenic mice prone to develop breast cancer (BCa), a diet supplemented with canola oil, rich in omega-3-rich FA (as opposed to an omega-6-rich diet containing corn oil), reduced the risk of developing BCa, and also significantly reduced the incidence of BCa in F1 offspring. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the cancer protective effect of canola oil in the F1 generation, we designed and performed the present study with the same diets using BALB/c mice to remove any possible effect of the transgene. First, we observed epigenetic changes at the genome-wide scale in F1 offspring of mothers fed diets containing omega-3 FAs, including a significant increase in acetylation of H3K18 histone mark and a decrease in H3K4me2 mark on nucleosomes around transcription start sites. These epigenetic modifications contribute to differential gene expressions associated with various pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in preventing cancer development, including p53 pathway, G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. When offspring mice were exposed to 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), the group of mice exposed to a canola oil (with omega 3 FAs)-rich maternal diet showed delayed mortality, increased survival, reduced lateral tumor growth, and smaller tumor size. Remarkably, various genes, including BRCA genes, appear to be epigenetically re-programmed to poise genes to be ready for a rapid transcriptional activation due to the canola oil-rich maternal diet. This ability to respond rapidly due to epigenetic potentiation appeared to contribute to and promote protection against breast cancer after carcinogen exposure.

A combination of omega-3 fatty acids and a butyrate-producing fiber mitigates colon cancer development

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Joanne R. Lupton ◽  
Dr. Nancy D. Turner ◽  
Dr. Leslie Braby ◽  
Dr. John Ford ◽  
Dr. Raymond J. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals “Effect of the intervention with omega-3 fatty acids on nutritional and clinical aspects in patients with breast cancer receiving medical treatment”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma-Gutierrez Edgardo ◽  
Espinoza-Rado Erika ◽  
Zafra-Tanaka Jessica Hanae
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is known that cancer can cause loss of body weight and muscle protein wasting, which leads to a state of malnutrition, which in turn worsens the prognosis and health of the cancer patient. It has been suggested that the promoting mechanism of this state is systemic inflammation, for which reason several clinical trials have used omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as adjuvants to antineoplastic treatment, mainly due to its anti-inflammatory effects. However, few systematic reviews and meta-analyzes have analyzed the effects of omega-3s in patients with breast cancer.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the effect of the supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on nutritional and clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer receiving medical treatment.MethodsA systematic review will be conducted, starting with a search in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE using search terms related to omega-3 fatty acids and breast cancer. We will include only randomized controlled trials that assess the effects of omega-3 in patients with breast cancer receiving medical treatment.. Data will be extracted in a spread sheet. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCT will be used for assessment of risk of bias. Discrepancies will be reviewed with a third reviewer.ConclusionThis systematic review aims to provide an analysis on the outcomes of the usage of the intervention with omega-3 fatty acids on nutritional and clinical aspects in patients with breast cancer receiving medical treatment.

Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Risk and Treatment of Breast Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Abby L. Janos ◽  
John V. Logomarsino
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Modulation of Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers by High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Phase II Pilot Study in Premenopausal Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 912-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Fabian ◽  
Bruce F. Kimler ◽  
Teresa A. Phillips ◽  
Jessica A. Box ◽  
Amy L. Kreutzjans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

scholarly journals Randomized Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Control of Aromatase Inhibitor–Induced Musculoskeletal Pain: SWOG S0927

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 1910-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn L. Hershman ◽  
Joseph M. Unger ◽  
Katherine D. Crew ◽  
Danielle Awad ◽  
Shaker R. Dakhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Purpose Musculoskeletal symptoms are the most common adverse effects of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and can result in decreased quality of life and discontinuation of therapy. Omega-3 fatty acids (O3-FAs) can be effective in decreasing arthralgia resulting from rheumatologic conditions and reducing serum triglycerides. Patients and Methods Women with early-stage breast cancer receiving an AI who had a worst joint pain/stiffness score ≥ 5 of 10 using the Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form (BPI-SF) were randomly assigned to receive either O3-FAs 3.3 g or placebo (soybean/corn oil) daily for 24 weeks. Clinically significant change was defined as ≥ 2-point drop from baseline. Patients also completed quality-of-life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Endocrine Symptoms) and additional pain/stiffness assessments at baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 24. Serial fasting blood was collected for lipid analysis. Results Among 262 patients registered, 249 were evaluable, with 122 women in the O3-FA arm and 127 in the placebo arm. Compared with baseline, the mean observed BPI-SF score decreased by 1.74 points at 12 weeks and 2.22 points at 24 weeks with O3-FAs and by 1.49 and 1.81 points, respectively, with placebo. In a linear regression adjusting for the baseline score, osteoarthritis, and taxane use, adjusted 12-week BPI-SF scores did not differ by arm (P = .58). Triglyceride levels decreased in patients receiving O3-FA treatment and remained the same for those receiving placebo (P = .01). No between-group differences were seen for HDL, LDL, or C-reactive protein. Conclusion We found a substantial (> 50%) and sustained improvement in AI arthralgia for both O3-FAs and placebo but found no meaningful difference between the groups.

scholarly journals Differences in Transcriptional Activation by the Two Allelic (L162V Polymorphic) Variants of PPARαafter Omega-3 Fatty Acids Treatment

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Rudkowska ◽  
Mélanie Verreault ◽  
Olivier Barbier ◽  
Marie-Claude Vohl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Allelic Form ◽  
Allelic Variants

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have the potential to regulate gene expression via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPARα); therefore, genetic variations in this gene may impact its transcriptional activity on target genes. It is hypothesized that the transcriptional activity by wild-type L162-PPARαis enhanced to a greater extent than the mutated variant (V162-PPARα) in the presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or a mixture of EPA:DHA. To examine the functional difference of the two allelic variants on receptor activity, transient co-transfections were performed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells activated with EPA, DHA and EPA:DHA mixtures. Results indicate that the addition of EPA or DHA demonstrate potential to increase the transcriptional activity by PPARαwith respect to basal level in both variants. Yet, the EPA:DHA mixtures enhanced the transcriptional activity to a greater extent than individual FAs indicating possible additive effects of EPA and DHA. Additionally, the V162 allelic form of PPARαdemonstrated consistently lower transcriptional activation when incubated with EPA, DHA or EPA:DHA mixtures than, the wild-type variant. In conclusion, both allelic variants of the PPARαL162V are activated by omega-3 FAs; however, the V162 allelic form displays a lower transcriptional activity than the wild-type variant.

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