scholarly journals Thermocatalytic Hydrogen Production Through Decomposition of Methane-A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowhar A. Naikoo ◽  
Fareeha Arshad ◽  
Israr U. Hassan ◽  
Musallam A. Tabook ◽  
Mona Z. Pedram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Decomposition Of Methane

Consumption of fossil fuels, especially in transport and energy-dependent sectors, has led to large greenhouse gas production. Hydrogen is an exciting energy source that can serve our energy purposes and decrease toxic waste production. Decomposition of methane yields hydrogen devoid of COx components, thereby aiding as an eco-friendly approach towards large-scale hydrogen production. This review article is focused on hydrogen production through thermocatalytic methane decomposition (TMD) for hydrogen production. The thermodynamics of this approach has been highlighted. Various methods of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and renewable resources were discussed. Methods including steam methane reforming, partial oxidation of methane, auto thermal reforming, direct biomass gasification, thermal water splitting, methane pyrolysis, aqueous reforming, and coal gasification have been reported in this article. A detailed overview of the different types of catalysts available, the reasons behind their deactivation, and their possible regeneration methods were discussed. Finally, we presented the challenges and future perspectives for hydrogen production via TMD. This review concluded that among all catalysts, nickel, ruthenium and platinum-based catalysts show the highest activity and catalytic efficiency and gave carbon-free hydrogen products during the TMD process. However, their rapid deactivation at high temperatures still needs the attention of the scientific community.

Comparative Analysis of Advanced H2/Air Cycle Power Plants Based on Different Hydrogen Production Systems From Fossil Fuels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane

In this paper two options for H2 production by means of fossil fuels are presented, evaluating their performance when integrated with advanced H2/air cycles. The investigation has been developed with reference to two different schemes, representative both of consolidated technology (combined cycle power plants) and of innovative technology (a new advance mixed cycle, named AMC). The two methods, here considered, to produce H2 are: • coal gasification: it permits transformation of a solid fuel into a gaseous one, by means of partial combustion reactions; • steam-methane reforming: it is the simplest and potentially the most economic method for producing hydrogen in the foreseeable future. These hydrogen production plants require material and energy integrations with the power section, and the best connections must be investigated in order to obtain good overall performance. The main results of the performed investigation are quite variable among the different H2 production options here considered: for example the efficiency value is over 34% for power plants coupled with coal decarbonization system, while it is in a range of 45–48% for power plants coupled with natural gas decarbonization. These differences are similar to those attainable by advanced combined cycle power plants fuelled by natural gas (traditional CC) and coal (IGCC). In other words, the decarbonization of different fossil fuels involves the same efficiency penalty related to the use of different fossil fuel in advanced cycle power plants (from CC to IGCC for example). The CO2 specific emissions depend on the fossil fuel type and the overall efficiency: adopting a removal efficiency of 90% in the CO2 absorption systems, the CO2 emission reduction is 87% and 82% in the coal gasification and in the steam-methane reforming respectively.

scholarly journals Technoeconomic analysis of High Temperature Reactors for industrial applications in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
B Chmielarz ◽  
A Bredimas ◽  
C Herpson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Abstract The paper analyses Polish industrial energy market requirements and the economic boundary conditions of for High Temperature Reactor (HTR)-based hybrid energy systems for electricity, heat, and hydrogen production. The Polish industry suffers from high imported gas prices and high dependence on domestic coal sector. Most industrial coal boilers are ageing and will need replacement within two decades. Increasing emission prices will soon cripple the profitability of coal in favour of natural gas and leave an opening for HTRs. HTRs can be competitive for both heat and electricity generation if used at load factors above 90% and constructed within budget and on time. The competitiveness of HTRs grows further with rising fossil fuels and CO2 emission prices. For industrial hydrogen, steam methane reforming (SMR) is competitive against any other alternative. Large-scale hydrogen production with HTR-based Sulphur Iodine cycle may compete with SMR if capital and operational costs can be decreased. High temperature steam electrolysis requires more durable materials and lower capital cost. Electrolysis, given its relatively low CAPEX and scalability, can be competitive when electricity is cheap as a result of over-production from intermittent power capacities. Other fossil-based hydrogen production methods appear more costly and CO2-intensive than SMR. The study was done as a part of the GEMINI+ project.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Utilizing Wind Energy for Hydrogen Production Through Electrolysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ziazi ◽  
Kasra Mohammadi ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
North East

Hydrogen as a clean alternative energy carrier for the future is required to be produced through environmentally friendly approaches. Use of renewables such as wind energy for hydrogen production is an appealing way to securely sustain the worldwide trade energy systems. In this approach, wind turbines provide the electricity required for the electrolysis process to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The generated hydrogen can then be stored and utilized later for electricity generation via either a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine that turn a generator. In this study, techno-economic evaluation of hydrogen production by electrolysis using wind power investigated in a windy location, named Binaloud, located in north-east of Iran. Development of different large scale wind turbines with different rated capacity is evaluated in all selected locations. Moreover, different capacities of electrolytic for large scale hydrogen production is evaluated. Hydrogen production through wind energy can reduce the usage of unsustainable, financially unstable, and polluting fossil fuels that are becoming a major issue in large cities of Iran.

Graphite Electrodes for Hydrogen Production by Acid Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Oliveira Marilei de Fátima ◽  
Mazur Viviane Teleginski ◽  
Virtuozo Fernanda ◽  
Junior Valter Anzolin de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, humanity has become aware of the consequences that the use of fossil fuels entails, and the latest developments in the energy sector are leading to a diversification of energy resources. In this context, researching on alternative forms of producing electric energy is being conducted. At the transportation level, a possible solution for this matter may lie in hydrogen fuel cells. The electrolysis of water is one of the possible processes for hydrogen production, but the reaction to break the water molecule requires a great amount of energy and this is precisely the biggest issue involving this process. In this work, low cost electrodes of 254 stainless steel and electrolytic graphite were used for hydrogen production, allowing high efficiency and reduced oxidation during the process. The selection of these materials allows to obtain a high corrosion resistance electrolytic pair, by replacing the high cost platinum electrode usually employed in the alkaline electrolysis process. The formic acid of biomass origin was used as an electrolyte. It was observed that the developed reactor have no energy losses through heat and it was possible to obtain approximately 82% conversion efficiency in the gas production process.

Efficient Solar Thermal Processes From Carbon Based to Carbon Free Hydrogen Production

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Sattler ◽  
Martin Roeb ◽  
Nathalie Monnerie ◽  
Daniela Graf ◽  
Stephan Mo¨ller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen

The potential of hydrogen to be the energy carrier of the future is widely accepted. Today more than 90% of hydrogen is produced by cost effective technologies from fossil sources mainly by steam reforming of natural gas and coal gasification. But hydrogen is not important as an energy carrier yet — it is mainly a chemical. To finally benefit from hydrogen as a fuel it has to be produced greenhouse gas free in large quantities. Therefore these two tasks have to be connected by a strategy incorporating transition steps. Solar thermal processes have the potential to be the most effective alternatives for large scale hydrogen production in the future. Therefore high temperature solar technologies are under development for the different steps on the stair to renewable hydrogen. This paper discusses the strategy based on the efficiencies of the chosen solar processes incorporating carbonaceous materials as well as processes based on water splitting. And the availability of the technologies. A comparison with the most common industrial processes shall demonstrate which endeavors have to be done to establish renewable hydrogen as a fuel.

Should Biomass be Used for Power Generation or Hydrogen Production?

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Corradetti ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Steam Methane

In the last several years, gasification has become an interesting option for biomass utilization because the produced gas can be used as a gaseous fuel in different applications or burned in a gas turbine for power generation with a high thermodynamic efficiency. In this paper, a technoeconomic analysis was carried out in order to evaluate performance and cost of biomass gasification systems integrated with two different types of plant, respectively, for hydrogen production and for power generation. An indirectly heated fluidized bed gasifier has been chosen for gas generation in both cases, and experimental data have been used to simulate the behavior of the gasifier. The hydrogen plant is characterized by the installation of a steam methane reformer and a shift reactor after the gas production and cleanup section; hydrogen is then purified in a pressure swing adsorption system. All these components have been modeled following typical operating conditions found in hydrogen plants. Simulations have been performed to optimize thermal interactions between the biomass gasification section and the gas processing. The power plant consists of a gas-steam combined cycle, with a three-pressure-levels bottoming cycle. A sensitivity analysis allowed to evaluate the economic convenience of the two plants as a function of the costs of the hydrogen and electrical energy.

Recent Advances in Nuclear Based Hydrogen Production With the Thermochemical Copper-Chlorine Cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Naterer ◽  
K. Gabriel ◽  
L. Lu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Water Decomposition ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Copper Electrowinning ◽  
Heat Requirements

This paper presents a review of recent advances in nuclear-based hydrogen production with a thermochemical copper-chlorine cycle. Growing attention has focused on thermochemical water decomposition as a promising alternative to steam-methane reforming for a sustainable future method of large-scale hydrogen production. Recent advances in specific processes within the Cu–Cl cycle will be presented, particularly for overall heat requirements of the cycle, preferred configurations of the oxygen cell, disposal of molten salt, electrochemical process of copper electrowinning, and safety/reliability assessment of the systems. An energy balance for each individual process is formulated and results are presented for heat requirements of the processes.

scholarly journals Potential Renewable Hydrogen from Curtailed Electricity to Decarbonize ASEAN’s Emissions: Policy Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Phoumin ◽  
Fukunari Kimura ◽  
Jun Arima
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen

The power generation mix of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is dominated by fossil fuels, which accounted for almost 80% in 2017 and are expected to account for 82% in 2050 if the region does not transition to cleaner energy systems. Solar and wind power are the most abundant energy resources but contribute negligibly to the power mix. Investors in solar or wind farms face high risks from electricity curtailment if surplus electricity is not used. Employing the policy scenario analysis of the energy outlook modelling results, this paper examines the potential scalability of renewable hydrogen production from curtailed electricity in scenarios of high share of variable renewable energy in the power generation mix. The study found that ASEAN has high potential in developing renewable hydrogen production from curtailed electricity. The study further found that the falling cost of renewable hydrogen production could be a game changer to upscaling the large-scale hydrogen production in ASEAN through policy support. The results implied a future role of renewable hydrogen in energy transition to decarbonize ASEAN’s emissions.

Preliminary Cost Estimates for Massive Hydrogen Production Using SI Process

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Yang ◽  
K. Y. Lee ◽  
T. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Systems

As a preliminary study of cost estimates for nuclear hydrogen systems, the hydrogen production costs of the nuclear energy sources benchmarking GT-MHR and PBMR are estimated in the necessary input data on a Korean specific basis. G4-ECONS was appropriately modified to calculate the cost for hydrogen production of SI process with VHTR as a thermal energy source rather than the LUEC. The estimated costs presented in this paper show that hydrogen production by the VHTR could be competitive with current techniques of hydrogen production from fossil fuels if CO2 capture and sequestration is required. Nuclear production of hydrogen would allow large-scale production of hydrogen at economic prices while avoiding the release of CO2. Nuclear production of hydrogen could thus become the enabling technology for the hydrogen economy. The major factors that would affect the cost of hydrogen were also discussed.

scholarly journals Biological Hydrogen Production from Amphora sp. Isolated from Eastern Coast of Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
W Jangiam ◽  
P Tongtubtim ◽  
M Penjun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
The World ◽  
Many Sources

The world is finding ways of producing fuel from many sources to replace the fossil fuels. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising fuels for the future. One biological way of producing hydrogen from solar energy is using photosynthetic microorganisms.The objective of this study is to search for marine algae which produce hydrogen and study the appropriate conditions to produce hydrogen from marine algae. Firstly, the 5 strains of algae were studied the total gas production. Amphora sp. was selected and studied the appropriate conditions to produce hydrogen gas. The first condition, we studied the important factors for marine algae which were present and absent sulfur. The second condition was to find the suitable pH for producing hydrogen which were pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. The last condition, we studied the optimal light intensity which were 481, 1075 and 2085 lux. The result showed that Amphora sp. can produce hydrogen gas in present sulfur media, pH 8 and light intensity 2085 lux in volume 495.3 ml per 1 L of algae or the average rate of produce hydrogen is 0.798 ml per g of algae per hour.

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