scholarly journals In vivo Host-Pathogen Interaction as Revealed by Global Proteomic Profiling of Zebrafish Larvae

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Díaz-Pascual ◽  
Javiera Ortíz-Severín ◽  
Macarena A. Varas ◽  
Miguel L. Allende ◽  
Francisco P. Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals In vivo host-pathogen interaction as revealed by global proteomic profiling of zebrafish larvae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Díaz-Pascual ◽  
Javiera Ortíz-Severín ◽  
Macarena A. Varas ◽  
Miguel L. Allende ◽  
Francisco P. Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Static Immersion

AbstractThe outcome of a host-pathogen interaction is determined by the conditions of the host, the pathogen, and the environment. Although numerous proteomic studies of in vitro-grown microbial pathogens have been performed, in vivo proteomic approaches are still rare. In addition, increasing evidence supports that in vitro studies inadequately reflect in vivo conditions. Choosing the proper host is essential to detect the expression of proteins from the pathogen in vivo. Numerous studies have demonstrated the suitability of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model to in vivo studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. In most zebrafish-pathogen studies, infection is achieved by microinjection of bacteria into the larvae. However, few reports using static immersion of bacterial pathogens have been published. In this study we infected 3 days post-fertilization (DPF) zebrafish larvae with P. aeruginosa PAO1 by immersion and injection and tracked the in vivo immune response by the zebrafish. Additionally, by using non-isotopic (Q-exactive) metaproteomics we simultaneously evaluated the proteomic response of the pathogen (P. aeruginosa PAO1) and the host (zebrafish). We found some zebrafish metabolic pathways, such as hypoxia response via HIF activation pathway, exclusively enriched in the larvae exposed by static immersion. In contrast, we found that inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways was exclusively enriched in the larvae exposed by injection, while the integrin signaling pathway and angiogenesis were solely enriched in the larvae exposed by immersion. We also found important virulence factors from P. aeruginosa that were enriched only after exposure by injection, such as the Type-III secretion system and flagella-associated proteins. On the other hand, P. aeruginosa proteins involved in processes like biofilm formation, cellular responses to antibiotic and starvation were enriched exclusively after an exposure by immersion.We demonstrated the suitability of zebrafish embryos as a model for in vivo host-pathogen based proteomic studies in P. aeruginosa. Our global proteomic profiling identifies novel molecular signatures that give systematic insight into zebrafish-Pseudomonas interaction.

Proteomic Characterization of a Natural Host–Pathogen Interaction: Repertoire of in Vivo Expressed Bacterial and Host Surface-Associated Proteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Rees ◽  
Oded Kleifeld ◽  
Paul K. Crellin ◽  
Bosco Ho ◽  
Timothy P. Stinear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Host ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Associated Proteins

scholarly journals Models of intestinal infection by Salmonella enterica: introduction of a new neonate mouse model

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Schulte ◽  
Michael Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing inflammatory disease in the intestine following diarrhea and is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Manyin vitroinvestigations using cell culture models are available, but these do not represent the real natural environment present in the intestine of infected hosts. Severalin vivoanimal models have been used to study the host-pathogen interaction and to unravel the immune responses and cellular processes occurring during infection. An animal model forSalmonella-induced intestinal inflammation relies on the pretreatment of mice with streptomycin. This model is of great importance but still shows limitations to investigate the host-pathogen interaction in the small intestinein vivo. Here, we review the use of mouse models forSalmonellainfections and focus on a new small animal model using 1-day-old neonate mice. The neonate model enables researchers to observe infection of both the small and large intestine, thereby offering perspectives for new experimental approaches, as well as to analyze theSalmonella-enterocyte interaction in the small intestinein vivo.

scholarly journals Microbiology's next top model: Galleria in the molecular age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hue Dinh ◽  
Lucie Semenec ◽  
Sheemal S Kumar ◽  
Francesca L Short ◽  
Amy K Cain
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Invertebrate Model

Abstract Galleria mellonella has risen to fame as an invertebrate model organism given its ethical advantages, low maintenance costs, rapid reproduction time, short life cycle, high number of progeny, tolerance for human body temperatures, innate immune system and similarities to mammalian host models. It is increasingly being utilised to evaluate in vivo toxicity and efficacy of chemical compounds and antimicrobials, modelling microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) pathogenicity and assessing host-pathogen interaction during infection. During this molecular age of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and genetic manipulation approaches, our understanding of microbial pathogenicity and host-pathogen interactions has deepened from high-throughput molecular studies performed in G. mellonella. In this review, we describe the use of G. mellonella in a broad range of studies involving omics, drug resistance, functional analysis and host-microbial community relationships. The future of G. mellonella in the molecular age is bright, with a multitude of new approaches and uses for this model from clinical to biotechnological on the horizon.

scholarly journals Fucoidan But Not 2′-Fucosyllactose Inhibits Human Norovirus Replication in Zebrafish Larvae

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Malcolm Turk Hsern Tan ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji ◽  
Zhiyuan Gong ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Type A ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Human Noroviruses ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Virus Like Particle

Human noroviruses (hNoVs) cause heavy disease burden worldwide and there is no clinically approved vaccination or antiviral hitherto. In this study, with the use of a zebrafish larva in vivo platform, we investigated the anti-hNoV potentials of fucoidan (from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus) and 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL). As a result, although both fucoidan and 2′-FL were able to block hNoV GII.4 virus-like particle (VLPs) from binding to type A saliva as expected, only fucoidan, but not 2′-FL, was able to inhibit the replication of hNoV GII.P16-GII.4 in zebrafish larvae, indicating the possible needs of higher molecular weights for fucosylated carbohydrates to exert anti-hNoV effect.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽  
Armando Pérez-Torres ◽  
Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

scholarly journals Porcine small intestinal organoids as a model to explore ETEC–host interactions in the gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Vermeire ◽  
Liara M. Gonzalez ◽  
Robert J. J. Jansens ◽  
Eric Cox ◽  
Bert Devriendt
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.

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