scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of Microbial Community in the Female Genital Tract of Reproductive-Aged Women in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningxia Sun ◽  
Haixia Ding ◽  
Hongjing Yu ◽  
Yixuan Ji ◽  
Xiuyue Xifang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Neurotrophin Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Infertile Patients ◽  
Female Genital

The microbiota in the human body play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the diversity and dynamics of the female genital tract (FGT) microbiota have not been fully unveiled. In this study, we characterized the microbiome variations in reproductive-aged Chinese women, and we revealed that the cervicovaginal microbiota were dominated by Lactobacillus. Overall, the composition of microbiota in the uterine cavity was more diverse than that in the vagina and cervix. A positive correlation between Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus crispatus was observed in both the vagina and the cervix, suggesting that these two species might have a symbiotic relationship in the cervicovaginal microbiota. Moreover, we, for the first time, stratified the reproductive-aged Chinese women into subgroups, based on their microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we identified the bacteria whose abundance changed in the uterine cavity of infertile patients when compared with healthy controls, such as L. iners and L. crispatus. Functionally, the metabolism-related pathways, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and adipocytokine signaling pathway were predominantly dysregulated in the uterine cavity of infertile patients. In conclusion, we characterized a comprehensive microbial landscape in FGT, as well as their functional roles in female infertility of the Chinese population.

scholarly journals Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Malene Risager Lykke ◽  
Naja Becher ◽  
Thor Haahr ◽  
Ebbe Boedtkjer ◽  
Jørgen Skov Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Genital

Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota.

Evidence for cGAS-STING signaling in the female genital tract resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis infection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Maegan French ◽  
Yujie Zhao ◽  
Lingli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis can ascend to the upper genital tract due to its resistance to innate immunity in the lower genital tract. C. trachomatis can activate cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cultured cells via either cGAS or STING. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in innate immunity against C. trachomatis in the mouse genital tract. Following intravaginal inoculation, C. trachomatis significantly declined by day 5 following a peak infection on day 3 while the mouse-adapted C. muridarum continued to rise for >1 week, indicating that C. trachomatis is susceptible to the innate immunity in the female mouse genital tract. This conclusion was supported by the observation of a similar shedding course in mice deficient in adaptive immunity. Thus, C. trachomatis can be used to evaluate innate immunity in the female genital tract. It was found that mice deficient in either cGAS or STING significantly increased the yields of live C. trachomatis on day 5, indicating an essential role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in innate immunity of the mouse genital tract. Comparison of live C. trachomatis recovered from different genital tissues revealed that the cGAS-STING-dependent immunity against C. trachomatis was restricted to the mouse lower genital tract regardless of whether C. trachomatis was inoculated intravaginally or transcervically. Thus, we have demonstrated an essential role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in innate immunity against chlamydial infection, laying a foundation for further illuminating the mechanisms of the innate immunity in the female lower genital tract.

scholarly journals The Endometrial Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Conception

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Bruno Toson ◽  
Carlos Simon ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Female Genital

Changes in the female genital tract microbiome are consistently correlated to gynecological and obstetrical pathologies, and tract dysbiosis can impact reproductive outcomes during fertility treatment. Nonetheless, a consensus regarding the physiological microbiome core inside the uterine cavity has not been reached due to a myriad of study limitations, such as sample size and experimental design variations, and the influence of endometrial bacterial communities on human reproduction remains debated. Understanding the healthy endometrial microbiota and how changes in its composition affect fertility would potentially allow personalized treatment through microbiome management during assisted reproductive therapies, ultimately leading to improvement of clinical outcomes. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the uterine microbiota and how it relates to human conception.

scholarly journals Hysterosalpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy and laparoscopic evaluation of female genital tract of patient attending tertiary infertility centre and correlation of various modalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
G. D. Maiti ◽  
Prasad Lele
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Infertile Couple ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Hysterosalpingogarphy (HSG) has traditionally been the first line of investigation anatomy and contour of uterine cavity along with fallopian tube and its patency. Because of limitations of HSG, video endoscopic evaluation of endometrial and peritoneal cavity by diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy can diagnose many subtle and obvious pathologies in evaluation of infertile couple. To know this difference author studied the efficacy of HSG along with diagnostic laparohysteroscopy.Methods: HSG, Diagnostic Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy were performed on a group of 50 Patient of primary and secondary infertility. Findings of HSG, Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy were computed, analyzed and corelated.Results: HSG showed a false positive rate of 25% for tubal factor and false negative 12% for uterine factors when compared with hysteroscopic and laparoscopic findings. The sensitivity of HSG was 75% and specificity was 88 % when compared with Hysteroscopic and Laparoscopic findings. Among various abnormality detected during the present study were, congenital anomaly 7(14%), Asherman syndrome 5 (10%), Tubal factor defect 6(12%), fibroid 3(6%) and Pelvi-inflammatory disease in 7(14%) of cases.Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI >2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted. Though HSG is a simple procedure for detecting abnormality of female genital tract, due to its low specificity and sensitivity hysterolaparoscopy should be complemented during infertility work up in all patient.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae causing pyometra in an elderly female with cervical cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Gupta ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
Prakash S Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Elderly Female ◽  
Ascending Infection ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Female Genital

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important cause of invasive infections in neonates and is emerging as an important pathogen in elderly females. S. agalactiae is a commensal organism of the female genital tract; however, isolation from the uterine cavity suggests ascending infection of this organism caused by occlusion of the uterine cavity. We report a case of S. agalactiae causing pyometra in an elderly female with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals A Rare Clinical Presentation of Giant Bilateral Labial Fibroepithelial Stromal Polyps in Patient with Psoriasis Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ayse Filiz Avsar ◽  
Elcin Islek ◽  
Melahat Yildirim ◽  
Hilal Ahsen
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Labia Minora ◽  
Fibroepithelial Polyps ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Female Genital

Fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) are rarely seen lesions of the lower female genital tract with polypoid proliferations of stroma. These tumors usually present in the vulvovaginal region of the reproductive aged women. In this presentation, we report a case of a psoriatic woman who developed unusual multiple polypoid lesions approximately 15 cm in size arising from both left and right labia minora and unique connection of FEPs with psoriasis disease.

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