scholarly journals Forensic Analysis of Human Microbiome in Skin and Body Fluids Based on Geographic Location

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Won Cho ◽  
Yong-Bin Eom
Keyword(s):  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing ◽  
Microbiome Data

High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have facilitated the in silico forensic analysis of human microbiome. Specific microbial species or communities obtained from the crime scene provide evidence of human contacts and their body fluids. The microbial community is influenced by geographic, ethnic, lifestyle, and environmental factors such as urbanization. An understanding of the effects of these external stressors on the human microbiome and determination of stable and changing elements are important in selecting appropriate targets for investigation. In this study, the Forensic Microbiome Database (FMD) (http://www.fmd.jcvi.org) containing the microbiome data of various locations in the human body in 35 countries was used. We focused on skin, saliva, vaginal fluid, and stool and found that the microbiome distribution differed according to the body part as well as the geographic location. In the case of skin samples, Staphylococcus species were higher than Corynebacterium species among Asians compared with Americans. Holdemanella and Fusobacterium were specific in the saliva of Koreans and Japanese populations. Lactobacillus was found in the vaginal fluids of individuals in all countries, whereas Serratia and Enterobacter were endemic to Bolivia and Congo, respectively. This study is the first attempt to collate and describe the observed variation in microbiomes from the forensic microbiome database. As additional microbiome databases are reported by studies worldwide, the diversity of the applications may exceed and expand beyond the initial identification of the host.

scholarly journals Biomaterials the Boon of Modern Technology - A Glimpse

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Priyadarshini P. Maddi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Materials

'Biomaterials' are synthetic materials deployed to restore function to a body part that has been adversely affected. They are continuously or intermittently in contact With the body fluids. These materials are basically used to replace hard or soft tissues that have suffered damage due io some Tissues ond organs the body, do serve for a period in one's lifespan, in most people-

scholarly journals A broken promise: microbiome differential abundance methods do not control the false discovery rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Hawinkel ◽  
Federico Mattiello ◽  
Luc Bijnens ◽  
Olivier Thas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Count Distribution ◽  
Microbiome Data

Abstract High-throughput sequencing technologies allow easy characterization of the human microbiome, but the statistical methods to analyze microbiome data are still in their infancy. Differential abundance methods aim at detecting associations between the abundances of bacterial species and subject grouping factors. The results of such methods are important to identify the microbiome as a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker or to demonstrate efficacy of prodrug or antibiotic drugs. Because of a lack of benchmarking studies in the microbiome field, no consensus exists on the performance of the statistical methods. We have compared a large number of popular methods through extensive parametric and nonparametric simulation as well as real data shuffling algorithms. The results are consistent over the different approaches and all point to an alarming excess of false discoveries. This raises great doubts about the reliability of discoveries in past studies and imperils reproducibility of microbiome experiments. To further improve method benchmarking, we introduce a new simulation tool that allows to generate correlated count data following any univariate count distribution; the correlation structure may be inferred from real data. Most simulation studies discard the correlation between species, but our results indicate that this correlation can negatively affect the performance of statistical methods.

Placental Microbiome: a Paradigm Shift or Flaw in the Methodology?

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-448
Author(s):  
Elena V. Shipitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
High Degree

Rapid development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods, together with a substantial reduction of their cost, have provided tremendous opportunities for studying the human microbiome. In recent years, much attention has been paid to studies of the microbiome of the upper reproductive tract of woman and the fetoplacental system, which have traditionally been considered sterile. Obtaining irrefutable evidence of the existence of the placental microbiome would enable us to believe with a high degree of certainty that microorganisms colonize the fetus already in the womb, which would have far-reaching consequences not only for medicine, but also for basic biology. This issue triggered a heated discussion among microbiologists, molecular biologists, obstetricians, and neonatologists. In the past few years, a number of studies have been published, both refuting and confirming the dogma, accepted for many decades, that the placenta and fetus are sterile during a healthy pregnancy. This literature review is a critical analysis of the results of studies into the placental microbiome. It provides arguments both for supporters of the hypothesis of the resident microbiota of the placenta and their opponents. Particular attention is paid to the methodological requirements for molecular studies of biological material with low microbial biomass, compliance with which is crucial for obtaining reliable results.

scholarly journals Forensic analysis of Soil Microbiomes: Linking Evidence to a Geographic Location

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hager Cocking ◽  
Sgt. Ryan Turley ◽  
Viacheslav Y. Fofanov ◽  
Kimberly Samuels-Crow ◽  
Bruce Hungate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Criminal Suspect ◽  
Source Site

ABSTRACTOver the past two decades, advances in molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of microbiomes – the diverse assemblages of microorganisms that inhabit the human body as well as the world around us, and applications in microbiome science have become an active area of research. Differences in the diversity (i.e., richness) and composition of microbiomes has been found to be informative in varied areas of science, including human health, agronomy, and forensic science. Soil harbors microbiomes that vary based on many factors, including the geology of the soil (e.g., sand, silt, or clay), climate, and use of the soil. As a result, the microbiological composition of any two soil samples will never be exactly alike. This inherent variation between microbiomes of different locations has proven to be specific enough to be potentially useful in forensic investigations to associate a person or piece of evidence to a source site.In this study, a soil microbiome was extracted from the sock of a criminal suspect and compared to the microbiome of soil samples taken from locations traveled to by the suspect. The locations analyzed varied in their soil microbiome composition, and the microbiome profiled from the sock was found to be most similar to the location where the suspect was thought to have left the body of a murder victim. These results provide a case study illustrating that information contained in a soil microbiome may be applied to link evidence to the location where a crime took place, potentially serving as an investigative tool in law enforcement.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract: The phenomenon of the people who forcibly took covid's corpse 19 from the hospital to be taken care of by Fardhu Kifayah by his family and the community, became a conclusion that there was community doubt about the management of Tajhiz Mayat conducted by the hospital. Coupled with the circulation of the video of the Ruku movement 'in the corpse prayer conducted by unscrupulous parties at the Hospital, became added doubts from the public against the hospital. To solve this problem, this research uses a Descriptive Analysis approach, namely by formulating a question, namely How to arrange Covid 19's body in Banda Aceh and this question will be answered with several theories and data sets from the field. So it was concluded in a conclusion that answered the formulation of the problems mentioned. Theoretically the spread of covid 19 is very fast, the size of the virus is only 0.1 micrometer and is in body fluids, especially nasopharyngeal fluid and oropharyngeal fluids of infected people, fluids in the body of covid 19 bodies can get out through every gap of the body such as mouth, nose, eye and rectum, because it requires special techniques in its management. Fardhu kifayah to covid 19 bodies should be carried out by trained Ustad and trained health workers, so that the spread stopped. The results of this study concluded that the management of the Moslem bodies died at Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh was in accordance with the Fatwa of the Aceh Ulama Council (MPU) and the bodies were handled by trained Ustad and health workers.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanurup Das ◽  
Abhimanyu Harshey ◽  
Ankit Srivastava ◽  
Kriti Nigam ◽  
Vijay Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Time Since Deposition ◽  
Dry Out

AbstractThe ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids also referred as aging of fluids are potential marker for the estimation of Time since deposition. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. The present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., semen, saliva, and urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to the major contribution of water and faster Phase II due to significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200–3400 cm−1 and 1600–1000 cm−1 are the major contributors to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600 and 1000 cm−1 showed highly significant regression equation with a higher coefficient of determination values in Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the time since deposition of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. Additionally, this study potentially estimates the time since deposition of an offense from the aging of the body fluids at the early stages after its occurrence as well as works as the precursor for further studies on an extended timeframe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document