scholarly journals Genomic and Proteomic Study of the Inflammatory Pathway in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana A. Itani ◽  
Miran A. Jaffa ◽  
Joseph Elias ◽  
Mohammad Sabra ◽  
Patrick Zakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cardiometabolic Syndrome ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) have been linked to inflammation and fibrosis. However, it is still unknown which inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of AF. Furthermore, cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance/glucose intolerance are also associated with inflammation and increased level of cytokines and adipokines. We hypothesized that the inflammatory immune response is exacerbated in patients with both AF and CMS compared to either AF or CMS alone. We investigated inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic markers as well as cytokine genetic profiles in patients with lone AF and CMS. CMS, lone AF patients, patients with both lone AF and CMS, and control patients were recruited. Genetic polymorphisms in inflammatory and fibrotic markers were assessed. Serum levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were tested along with other inflammatory markers including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR) in three groups of AF+CMS, AF, and CMS patients. There was a trend in the CTGF levels for statistical significance between the AF and AF+CMS group (P = 0.084). Genotyping showed high percentages of patients in all groups with high secretor genotypes of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.037). Genotyping of IFN-γ and IL-10 at high level showed an increase in expression in the AF + CMS group compared to AF and CMS alone suggesting an imbalance between the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines which is exacerbated by AF. Serum cytokine inflammatory cytokine levels showed that IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17F, and IL-22 were significant between the AF, AF+CMS, and CMS patients. Combination of both CMS and AF may be associated with a higher degree of inflammation than what is seen in either CMS or AF alone. Thus, the identification of a biomarker capable of identifying metabolic syndrome associated with disease will help in identification of a therapeutic target in treating this devastating disease.

scholarly journals GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC STUDY OF THE INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND CARDIOMETABOLIC SYNDROME

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Patrick Zakka ◽  
Mohammad Karnib ◽  
Maria Matar ◽  
Sami Bdeir ◽  
Moustafa Al Hariri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Cardiometabolic Syndrome ◽  
Proteomic Study

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Serum Adipokine and Insulin Levels in a Matched Osteoarthritis Sample: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Gandhi ◽  
Anirudh Sharma ◽  
Mohit Kapoor ◽  
Kala Sundararajan ◽  
Anthony V. Perruccio
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Background. In an attempt to correlate biomarkers with disease, serum-based biomarkers often are compared between individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) and control subjects. However, variable results have been reported. Some studies have suggested an association between certain adipokines and insulin and OA. We know that there are racial differences in OA prevalence and incidence, and from general population-based studies, those of Asian race consistently demonstrate a unique adipokine/insulin serum concentration profile as compared to Caucasians. Whether similar racial differences exist within OA samples is unknown and may have implications for selecting appropriate controls in comparative studies.Methods. Serum levels of adipokines, leptin, and adiponectin, along with insulin, were determined by ELISA in patients scheduled for total hip or knee replacement surgery for OA. Fifteen Asian patients were matched 1 : 1 on age (±2 years), gender, body mass index (±1.5 kg/m2), and surgical joint with Caucasian patients. Differences in serum concentrations were tested using pairedt-tests.Results. Serum leptin and insulin levels were significantly higher in Asians compared to Caucasians (p<0.05). While serum adiponectin levels were lower among Asians, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.12).Conclusion. Findings from this work suggest that when studying serum biomarker concentrations in OA versus controls, race may be an important factor to consider. Our findings warrant confirmation in larger studies.

scholarly journals Serum Cytokines Profile in Treated Celiac Disease Compared with Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity and Control: a Marker for Differentiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Heydari ◽  
Mohammad Rostami-Nejad ◽  
Ali Moheb-Alian ◽  
Mostafa Haji Mollahoseini ◽  
Kamran Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background & Aims: There is increasing evidence regarding elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with celiac disease (CD), but little is known about their levels in patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in Iranian patients with CD and NCGS and to compare them with those of healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 110 treated CD, 15 with NCGS, and 46 healthy subjects were enrolled during 2016. Serum levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15 and IFN-γ were measured using ELISA, and compared between groups. The correlation of the severity of mucosal damage and clinical symptoms with serum levels of cytokines was also assessed. Results: The mean serum levels of IFN-γ (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p = 0.007) were significantly different between the patients in the CD and control groups, and IL-8 was significantly higher in the CD group compared with patients in the NCGS group (p = 0.04). Statistically significant correlations were observed between the serum levels of IFN-γ and abortion (p = 0.01), IL-1 and weight loss (p = 0.043) and infertility (p = 0.0001) in CD patients, and between IFN-γ and abortion (p = 0.01) and infertility (p = 0.01) in the NCGS patients. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between the severity of mucosal damage and the serum level of the studied cytokines. Conclusions: Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of CD, and their serum levels might help to identify a diagnostic marker to differentiate CD from NCGS. However, further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

Use of SAMe-TT₂R₂ Score to Predict the Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Warfarin in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Time In Therapeutic Range ◽  
Anticoagulation Control

Objective: To predict the quality of anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving warfarin in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The present study retrospectively recruited Thai AF patients receiving warfarin for three months or longer between June 2012 and December 2017 in Central Chest Institute of Thailand. The patients were classified into those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ of 2 or less, and 3 or more. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of the patients with poor time in therapeutic range (TTR) between the two groups of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics. Results: Ninety AF patients were enrolled. An average age was 69.89±10.04 years. Most patients were persistent AF. An average CHA₂DS₂-VASc, SAMe-TT₂R₂, and HAS-BLED score were 3.68±1.51, 3.26±0.88, and 1.98±0.85, respectively. The present study showed the increased proportion of AF patients with poor TTR with higher SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The AF patients with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 3 or more had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR than those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 2 or less with statistical significance when TTR was below 70% (p=0.03) and 65% (p=0.04), respectively. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics of 0.60, 0.59, and 0.55 when TTR was below 70%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: Thai AF patients receiving warfarin had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR when the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was higher. The score of 3 or more could predict poor quality of anticoagulation control in those patients. Keywords: Time in therapeutic range, Poor quality of anticoagulation control, Warfarin, SAMe-TT₂R₂, Labile INR

Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Anton Rozhkov ◽  
Anton Popov ◽  
Vitaliy Balahonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.

OPERATIONS FOR ANEURISM OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTIC DEPARTMENT - RESECTION WITH THE FOLLOWING PROSTHETICS AND ENDOPROSTHETICS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Андрей Анатольевич Иванов ◽  
Александр Иванович Жданов ◽  
Максим Сергеевич Шевелин ◽  
Александр Сергеевич Брежнев
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Level

В статье представлены данные оригинального исследования по улучшению хирургического лечения аневризм брюшного отдела аорты. С этой целью произведен сравнительный анализ двух альтернативных друг другу операций: 1) резекции аневризмы с последующим протезированием аорты; 2) эндопротезирования аорты. Сформулировано научное предположение о том, что замена «классических» операций резекции аневризмы на «альтернативные» операции эндопротезирования приведет к принципиальному снижению уровня послеоперационных осложнений. В независимых группах пациентов с использованием сравниваемых хирургических вмешательств произведена точная качественная и количественная оценка послеоперационных осложнений: нетромботических - кардиальных, пульмональных, ренальных и тромботических - тромбозов глубоких вен и тромбозов браншей протеза. После реализации исследования было установлено, что замена «классических» операций на «альтернативные» достоверно приводит к принципиальному снижению уровня наиболее жизнеопасных осложнений - кардиальных (острых форм ишемической болезни сердца, нарушений сердечного ритма), пульмональных (пневмоний, тромбоэмболии легочной артерии, респираторного дистресс-синдрома взрослых) и ренальных (острой почечной недостаточности). Некоторое исключение составили менее жизнеопасные тромботические осложнения. Полученные результаты имеют высокий уровень статистической значимости, что позволяет рекомендовать их к рассмотрению к использованию в практике сосудистой хирургии The article presents data from an original study to improve the surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of two alternate operations was performed: 1) aneurysm resection followed by aortic prosthetics; 2) aortic endoprosthetics. The scientific hypothesis is formulated that the replacement of the «classical» operations of resection of the aneurysm with «alternative» operations of endoprosthetics will lead to a fundamental decrease in the level of postoperative complications. In independent groups of patients using the compared surgical interventions, an accurate qualitative and quantitative assessment of postoperative complications was made: non-thrombotic - cardiac, pulmonary, renal and thrombotic - deep vein thrombosis and prosthetic jaw thrombosis. After the study was completed, it was found that the fundamental replacement of «classical» operations with «alternative» reliably leads to a fundamental decrease in the level of the most life-threatening complications - cardiac (acute forms of coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias), pulmonary (pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory distress syndrome of adults) and renal (acute renal failure). Some exceptions were less life-threatening thrombotic complications. The results obtained have a high level of statistical significance, which allows us to recommend them for consideration in the practice of vascular surgery

Role of Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa S. Hosny ◽  
Ahmed M. Bahaaeldin ◽  
Mohamed S. Khater ◽  
Meram M. Bekhet ◽  
Hayam A. Hebah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
And Control

<P>Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. The etiology of cognitive impairment in people with T2DM is uncertain but, chronic hyperglycemia, cerebral micro vascular disease, severe hypoglycemia, and increased prevalence of macro vascular disease are implicated. </P><P> Objectives: To determine the serum levels of soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in elderly type 2 diabetics with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Our study was conducted on 90 elderly subjects (aged 60 years old or more). They were divided into Group І, 30 patients with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment, group ІІ, 30 patients with T2DM without cognitive impairment and group III, 30 healthy subjects as a control group. They were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, anthropometric measurement, the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE---III 2012), Fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, protein/creatinine ratio, serum sVCAM-1 and hs-CRP. Results: Serum levels of sVCAM-1 in diabetic elderly patients with MCI were significantly higher (946.7 ± 162.01 ng/ml) than diabetic elderly patients without cognitive impairment (479.06 ± 65.27 ng/ml) and control (263.7 ± 72.05 ng/ml) with (P=0.002). Serum levels of Hs-CRP in diabetic elderly patients with MCI were significantly higher than as diabetic elderly patients without cognitive impairment and control with (P=0.005). Conclusion: Elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment have higher levels of soluble adhesion molecules and markers of low-grade systemic inflammation than other groups.</P>

Pilot Study of Probiotic Supplementation on Uremic Toxicity and Inflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Kidney Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-480
Author(s):  
Cristina T. Roth-Stefanski ◽  
Carla Dolenga ◽  
Lia S. Nakao ◽  
Roberto Pecoits-Filho ◽  
Thyago P. de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Indoxyl Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Background: Bacterial metabolism contributes to the generation of uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It has been investigated the use of probiotics in the reduction of uremic toxins intestinal production. Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on reducing the production of uremic toxins and the inflammatory profile of CKD patients. Methods: We performed a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. The intervention was a probiotic formulation composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains given orally three times a day for 3 months. Changes in uremic toxins (p-Cresylsulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate) and serum inflammatory cytokines were the primary endpoints. Results: Of the 44 patients randomized, 25 completed the study (mean age 51 ± 9.34, 64% female, mean eGFR 36 ± 14.26 mL/min/1.73m², mean BMI 28.5 ± 5.75 kg/m²). At 3 months, there were no significant changes in any of the studied biomarkers including p-cresylsulfate (p = 0.57), Indoxyl sulfate (p = 0.08) and interleukin-6 (p = 0.55). Conclusion: Lactobacillus acidophilus strains given as probiotic were not able to reduce serum levels of uremic toxins and biomarkers of inflammation in CKD patients in stage 3 and 4.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

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