scholarly journals COVID-19 in Brazil—Preliminary Analysis of Response Supported by Artificial Intelligence in Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo M. P. Morales ◽  
Murilo Guedes ◽  
Jennifer S. Silva ◽  
Adriano Massuda
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Source Of Care ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) forced rapid adaptations in the way healthcare is delivered and coordinated by health systems. Brazil has a universal public health system (Sistema Unico de Saúde—SUS), being the main source of care for 75% of the population. Therefore, a saturation of the system was foreseen with the continuous increase of cases. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to empower telehealth could help to tackle this by increasing a coordinated patient access to the health system. In the present study we describe a descriptive case report analyzing the use of Laura Digital Emergency Room—an AI-powered telehealth platform—in three different cities. It was computed around 130,000 interactions made by the chatbot and 24,162 patients completed the digital triage. Almost half (44.8%) of the patients were classified as having mild symptoms, 33.6% were classified as moderate and only 14.2% were classified as severe. The implementation of an AI-powered telehealth to increase accessibility while maintaining safety and leveraging value amid the unprecedent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was feasible in Brazil and may reduce healthcare overload. New efforts to yield sustainability of affordable and scalable solutions are needed to truly leverage value in health care systems, particularly in the context of middle-low-income countries.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Confronting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142110174
Author(s):  
Md Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Fatema Khatun ◽  
Ashik Uzzaman ◽  
Sadia Islam Sami ◽  
Md Al-Amin Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread over 219 countries of the globe as a pandemic, creating alarming impacts on health care, socioeconomic environments, and international relationships. The principal objective of the study is to provide the current technological aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and other relevant technologies and their implications for confronting COVID-19 and preventing the pandemic’s dreadful effects. This article presents AI approaches that have significant contributions in the fields of health care, then highlights and categorizes their applications in confronting COVID-19, such as detection and diagnosis, data analysis and treatment procedures, research and drug development, social control and services, and the prediction of outbreaks. The study addresses the link between the technologies and the epidemics as well as the potential impacts of technology in health care with the introduction of machine learning and natural language processing tools. It is expected that this comprehensive study will support researchers in modeling health care systems and drive further studies in advanced technologies. Finally, we propose future directions in research and conclude that persuasive AI strategies, probabilistic models, and supervised learning are required to tackle future pandemic challenges.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for Human Health Care in Yem Culture, South Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Woldemariam ◽  
Sebsebe Demissew ◽  
Zemede Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract BackgroundIndigenous or traditional herbal medicine has been widely regarded as a resource for strengthening the health care systems among communities of low income countries including Ethiopia. The Yem people in Ethiopia have deep-rooted and ancient traditional knowledge of managing human ailments and health conditions using medicinal plants (mps). On the other hand, mps and the associated indigenous knowledge are under erosion due to human-induced and natural factors. Therefore, documenting the plant biodiversity along with the associated indigenous knowledge is of urgent task for conservation. MethodsThis study was conducted in April, 2013, October, 2016 and July, 2016 with the objective of documenting traditional mps in different land uses that are used for treating human ailments. Ethnobotanical data were collected from 69 informants that were selected by stratified random sampling and purposive sampling. Vegetation data were obtained from 30, 30x30 m quadrats. Ethnobotanical data were analysed using paired ranking, Informant consensus factor and Fidelity Level index. ResultsAbout 213 medicinal plant species that are used for treating 117 human ailments were recorded. ICF calculated depicted a highest ICF value of 0.82 for Gastrointestinal & Visceral organs ailments. Haplocarpha rueppellii, Carduus schimperi and Inula confortiflora each 100%, Maesa lanceolata 80% and Rumex abyssinicus 75%. Vegetation analysis showed three plant communities.ConclusionThe Yem people have rich traditional knowledge of utilising plants side by side with the mainstream biomedical system for maintaining human health care.

scholarly journals Micronutrients - a Global Perspective on Intake, Health Benefits and Economics

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Hoeft ◽  
Peter Weber ◽  
Manfred Eggersdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Development And Aging

The link between a sufficient intake of vitamins and long term health, cognition, healthy development and aging is increasingly supported by experimental animal, human and epidemiology studies. In low income countries billions of people still suffer from the burden of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. However, inadequate micronutrient status might also be an issue in industrialized countries. Recent results from nutritional surveys in countries like the United States, Germany, and Great Britain indicate that the recommended intake of micronutrients is not reached. This notably concerns certain vulnerable population groups, such as pregnant women, young children and the elderly, but also greatly influences the general healthcare costs. An overview is provided on the gap that exists between current vitamin intakes and requirements, even in countries where diverse foods are plentiful. Folic acid and vitamin D intake and status are evaluated in more detail, providing insight on health and potential impact on health care systems.

scholarly journals Maternal deaths in developing countries: A preventable tragedy

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Kvåle ◽  
Bjørg Evjen Olsen ◽  
Sven Gudmund Hinderaker ◽  
Magnar Ulstein ◽  
Per Bergsjø
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Care Systems

The neglected tragedy of persistent high maternal mortality in the low-income countries is described. One of the millennium development goals states that the current number of maternal deaths of around 500,000 per year should be reduced by three quarters by 2015. Since the major causes and avenues for prevention are known, this may seem an achievable goal. It is concluded, however, that unless all stakeholders globally and within individual countries will demonstrate a real commitment to translate policy statements into actions, it is unlikely that the goal will be reached. A substantial increase in the resources for reproductive health care services is needed, and the human resource crises in the health care systems must be urgently addressed. Epidemiologists have an important role to play by designing randomized controlled trials for estimating the effect of different health care systems interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality and other major health problems in low resource settings. The public health importance of such trials may be greater than the potential benefit of randomized trials for investigating effects of new vaccines and drugs. Within the field of perinatal epidemiology the disparity in public health importance of research conducted in the rich versus the poor world is glaring. Time is overdue for perinatal epidemiologists to turn their attention to the areas of the world where the maternal and perinatal health problems are overwhelming.

scholarly journals The Impact of the lockdown on ENT services during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a report from the developing world.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapila Hari ◽  
Shivesh Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Outpatient Procedures ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The novel coronavirus and accompanying lockdown measures have resulted in the disruption of specialist clinic services. There have been reports of a decrease in the number of clinic attendees and surgical procedures performed in clinics throughout the worldThe study period was from the 2 January 2020 until 19 June 2020 which was divided by the lockdown date of the 26 March 2020, into two periods of 85 days for comparative review.During the pre-lockdown phase (2 January 2020 to 25 March 2020), 2160 patients were booked for the outpatient clinics and 1911 attended in this period (88.5%). In contrast during the post-lockdown period (26 March 2020 to 19 June 2020), 1220 visits were scheduled. Of these, 937 (76.8%) visits were completed. The number of patient visits booked (p=0.01) and completed (0.0001) after lockdown declined significantly. The total number of outpatient procedures performed pre-lockdown was 1892 (0.99/ patient) compared to 937 (1.04/ patient) post-lockdown. This represents an approximate decrease of 50% in the number of procedures completed post-lockdown but the change in the number of procedures/ patient was not significant (p=0.4).During the pre-lockdown phase 228 theatre cases were completed, including 66 emergencies and post-lockdown there were 188 cases together with 48 emergencies. There were no elective cases post-lockdown. The study illustrates that even during a stringent lockdown period there is an ongoing need for specialist ENT services and health care systems need to be tailored to manage all patients such that care is not shifted away from vulnerable groups and solely focused on Covid19 patients.

scholarly journals “Palliative Pandemic Plan,” Triage and Symptoms Algorithm as a Strategy to Decrease Providers’ Exposure, While Trying to Increase Teams Availability and Guidance for Goals of Care (GOC) and Symptoms Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 980-984
Author(s):  
Santiago Lopez ◽  
Gene Decastro ◽  
Katlynn M. Van Ogtrop ◽  
Sindee Weiss-Domis ◽  
Samuel R. Anandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Patient Care Team ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Symptomatic Management ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Provider Shortages

As the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues worldwide, health care systems are facing increased demand with concurrent health care provider shortages. This increase in patient demand and potential for provider shortages is particularly apparent for palliative medicine, where there are already shortages in the provision of this care. In response to the developing pandemic, our Geriatrics and Palliative (GAP) Medicine team formulated a 2-team approach which includes triage algorithms for palliative consults as well as acute symptomatic management for both patients diagnosed with or under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19. These algorithms provided a delineated set of guidelines to triage patients in need of palliative services and included provisions for acute symptoms management and the protection of both the patient care team and the families of patients with COVID-19. These guidelines helped with streamlining care in times of crisis, providing care to those in need, supporting frontline staff with primary-level palliative care, and minimizing the GAP team’s risk of infection and burnout during the rapidly changing pandemic response.

scholarly journals The Need for Expanding Pulmonary Rehabilitation Services

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Aroub Lahham ◽  
Anne E. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Care Systems

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a strongly recommended and effective treatment for people with chronic lung disease. However, access to pulmonary rehabilitation is poor. Globally, pulmonary rehabilitation is accessed by less than 3% of people with chronic lung disease. Barriers to referral, uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation are well documented and linked with organizational, practitioner and patient-related factors. Enhancing the knowledge of health care professionals, family carers, and people with chronic lung disease about the program and its benefits produces modest increases in referral and uptake rates, but evidence of the sustainability of such approaches is limited. Additionally, initiatives focusing on addressing organizational barriers to access, such as expanding services and implementing alternative models to the conventional center-based setting, are not yet widely used in clinical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for health care systems to deliver pulmonary rehabilitation programs remotely, safely, and efficiently. This paper will discuss the pressing need to address the issue of the low accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation. It will also highlight the distinctive challenges to pulmonary rehabilitation delivery in rural and remote regions, as well as low-income countries.

scholarly journals Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence Technology for Novel Coronavirus Disease-19 Self-Testing

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Ellen Debra Crayton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading with a rising death toll and transmission rate reported in high income countries rather than in low income countries. The overburdened healthcare systems and poor disease surveillance systems in resource-limited settings may struggle to cope with this COVID-19 outbreak and this calls for a tailored strategic response for these settings. Here, we recommend a low cost blockchain and artificial intelligence-coupled self-testing and tracking systems for COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases. Prompt deployment and appropriate implementation of the proposed system have the potential to curb the transmissions of COVID-19 and the related mortalities, particularly in settings with poor access to laboratory infrastructure.

Recommendations for the management of headaches during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Marcelo Calderaro ◽  
Marcio Nattan Portes Souza ◽  
Patrick Emanuell Mesquita Sousa Santos ◽  
Eduardo Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Headache Patient ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Headache Management ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

BackgroundDuring the novel coronavirus - COVID-19 pandemic, health care systems are facing one of its greatest challenges.ResultsSecondary headaches may need urgent care at an emergency department. Primary headaches exacerbations may require intravenous infusion. Treatment optimization is key for a better outpatient management.ConclusionWe give recommendations on when a headache patient should go to the hospital despite the current limited resources, and primary headache management aspects during the outbreak.

scholarly journals Infection by the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) and Pregnancy: 2 Cases Reports at the University Teaching Hospital of Angre/Abidjan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Adjoby Cassou Roland ◽  
◽  
Gbary-Lagaud Eleonore ◽  
Effoh Ndrin Denis ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Current Data ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) that appeared in December 2019 in China quickly spread to all countries around the world leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic on 11 March 2020. This pandemic is particularly serious in that it severely undermines health care systems in all affected countries, including developing and resource-constrained countries, forcing them to adapt quickly. Current data on COVID-19 and pregnancy are limited. The first published Chinese data seem to show that the symptoms in pregnant women are substantially the same as those in the general population. Through the first 2 cases of COVID-19 observed during pregnancy at Angré University Hospital, the authors wanted to share their experience, under the conditions of a low-resources country.

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