scholarly journals Exploration Process and Genesis Mechanism of Deep Geothermal Resources in the North Jiangsu Basin, East China: From Nothing to Something

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Wang ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Junpeng Guan ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East China ◽  
Geothermal Resource ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithospheric Extension ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Craton Destruction ◽  
Two Stages

Geothermal resources, as an important member of clean renewable energy, of which the exploration, development, and utilization of geothermal resources, especially deep geothermal resources, are of great significance for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Taking the North Jiangsu Basin (NJB) as an example, this paper reviews the exploration process of deep geothermal resources in the basin and presents the latest results. The study shows that the NJB is a typical “hot basin” with an average heat flow value of 68 mW/m2. In this region, the deep geothermal resource favorable areas in the NJB are mainly distributed in the depressions, in particular those near the Jianhu uplift, i.e., the Yanfu depression and the Dongtai depression. In addition, the genesis mechanism of the deep geothermal resource favorable area in the NJB is best explained by the “two stages, two sources” thermal concentration, that is, “two stages” means that the transformation of the lithospheric thermal regime are caused by the late Mesozoic craton destruction in East China, and the Cenozoic lithospheric extension; these two tectono-thermal events together lead to the deep anomalous mantle-source heat (the first source), and the upper crustal-scale heat control is mainly caused by thermal refraction (the second source). Overall, this case study underlines new ideas of understanding the geothermal genesis mechanism in East China, which can guide for the exploration and development of deep geothermal resources at the basin scale.

Crust–mantle interaction and craton destruction: evidence from Late Mesozoic plutons in the North China Craton

2017 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Fang He ◽  
Airi Kobayashi ◽  
M. Santosh ◽  
Toshiaki Tsunogae
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
North China ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Craton Destruction

PRECISE AGES FOR LODE GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE XIAOQINLING GOLD FIELD, SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE NORTH CHINA CRATON: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM IN SITU U-Pb DATING OF HYDROTHERMAL MONAZITE AND RUTILE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchen Liu ◽  
Yitian Wang ◽  
Jingwen Mao ◽  
Wei Jian ◽  
Shikang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
North China ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Margin ◽  
Lithospheric Extension ◽  
Gold Producer ◽  
Gold Bearing

Abstract The Xiaoqinling gold field, located along the southern margin of the North China craton, is the second largest gold producer in China, which comprises more than 1,200 auriferous quartz veins with a proven gold reserve of at least 800 tons. Previously, the absolute age of the gold metallogenesis in this area has not been well defined due to the lack of suitable dating minerals. This study presents new in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U-Pb ages of coexisting hydrothermal monazite and rutile for the Fancha gold deposit in this area, which yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 127.5 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 65, mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 1.8) and 129.7 ± 4.3 Ma (n = 37, MSWD = 1.4), respectively. Both ages overlap within analytical uncertainty at the 2σ level of significance, suggesting that both gold-bearing veins were emplaced at ca. 128 Ma. Mineralogical observations indicate that the monazite and rutile precipitated simultaneously with gold from the hydrothermal fluid. Our new data, combined with recently published monazite age, define a more precise gold episode, demonstrating that the gold endowment of the Xiaoqinling area was formed during a relatively brief period at ca. 130 to 127 Ma. We suggest that auriferous fluids were generated as a result of interactions between the enriched mantle and the lower crust, which was driven by westward flat slab subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the late Mesozoic. The peak of lithospheric thinning during the postsubduction may have led to the rapid release of gold from the fertilized mantle. Consequently, the large number of gold-bearing veins in the Xiaoqinling area may ultimately be related to the tectonic evolution and mantle fluid processes that occurred during Early Cretaceous lithospheric extension.

Destruction of the North China Craton in the Mesozoic

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Yuan Wu ◽  
Jin-Hui Yang ◽  
Yi-Gang Xu ◽  
Simon A. Wilde ◽  
Richard J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North China ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Block ◽  
Craton Destruction ◽  
Flat Slab Subduction ◽  
Structural Indicators

The North China Craton (NCC) was originally formed by the amalgamation of the eastern and western blocks along an orogenic belt at ∼1.9 Ga. After cratonization, the NCC was essentially stable until the Mesozoic, when intense felsic magmatism and related mineralization, deformation, pull-apart basins, and exhumation of the deep crust widely occurred, indicative of destruction or decratonization. Accompanying this destruction was significant removal of the cratonic keel and lithospheric transformation, whereby the thick (∼200 km) and refractory Archean lithosphere mantle was replaced by a thin (<80 km) juvenile one. The decratonization of the NCC was driven by flat slab subduction, followed by a rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate during the late Mesozoic. A global synthesis indicates that cratons are mainly destroyed by oceanic subduction, although mantle plumes might also trigger lithospheric thinning through thermal erosion. Widespread crust-derived felsic magmatism and large-scale ductile deformation can be regarded as petrological and structural indicators of craton destruction. ▪ A craton, a kind of ancient continental block on Earth, was formed mostly in the early Precambrian (>1.8 Ga). ▪ A craton is characterized by a rigid lithospheric root, which provides longevity and stability during its evolutionary history. ▪ Some cratons, such as the North China Craton, can be destroyed by losing their stability, manifested by magmatism, deformation, earthquake, etc.

Late Mesozoic intraplate rhyolitic volcanism in the North China Craton: Far-field effect of the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
M. Santosh ◽  
Sung Won Kim ◽  
Hongying Zhou ◽  
Youn Joong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
North China Craton ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
North China ◽  
Pacific Plate ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Transition ◽  
Lithospheric Extension

Abstract The Late Mesozoic was characterized by extensive volcanism, crustal extension, lithospheric thinning, and craton destruction in the North China Craton (NCC). Here we investigate the petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and Lu-Hf isotope of rhyolitic rocks from the Chicheng region of China along the northern margin of the NCC to constrain their petrogenesis, magma evolution, and associated geodynamic processes. The newly obtained zircon U-Pb age data constrain the eruption age of rhyolitic rocks at ca. 144–114 Ma during the Early Cretaceous with multiple magmatic pulses at ca. 141, ca. 137, and ca. 130 Ma as defined by the age peaks. Zircon Hf isotopic data show markedly negative εHf(t) values of –23.0 to –11.8, and corresponding Hf crustal model ages (TDMC) are in the range of ca. 2650 to 1944 Ma, suggesting magma derivation through melting of Paleoproterozoic crustal materials with minor input of reworked Neoarchean components. Geochemically, the rhyolitic rocks correspond to A-type granites, with a mixed arc- and subduction-related signature, although generated in an extensional intraplate setting through partial melting of the mafic lower crust and upper crustal fractional crystallization. We correlate the late Mesozoic intraplate volcanism to the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate and its far-field effect. Lithospheric extension and slab rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate are considered as the main triggers for the multiple eruptions. The late Mesozoic volcanism in the study area and adjacent regions also broadly coincide with the tectonic transition from the Paleozoic Paleo-Asian to Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction realm with concomitant compressional to extensional tectonic regime.

scholarly journals Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the North Jiangsu Basin, East China, Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Yibo Wang ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Zhuting Wang ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Yangtze Craton ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Thermal Reservoir ◽  
The North ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method

Geothermal energy has been recognized as an important clean renewable energy. Accurate assessment of geothermal resources is an essential foundation for their development and utilization. The North Jiangsu Basin (NJB), located in the Lower Yangtze Craton, is shaped like a wedge block of an ancient plate boundary and large-scale carbonate thermal reservoirs are developed in the deep NJB. Moreover, the NJB exhibits a high heat flow background because of its extensive extension since the Late Mesozoic. In this study, we used the Monte Carlo method to evaluate the geothermal resources of the main reservoir shallower than 10 km in the NJB. Compared with the volumetric method, the Monte Carlo method takes into account the variation mode and uncertainties of the input parameters. The simulation results show that the geothermal resources of the sandstone thermal reservoir in the shallow NJB are very rich, with capacities of (6.6–12) × 1020 J (mean 8.6 × 1020 J), (5.1–16) × 1020 J (mean 9.1 × 1020 J), and (3.2–11) × 1020 J (mean 6.6 × 1020 J) for the Yancheng, Sanduo and Dai’nan sandstone reservoir, respectively. In addition, the capacity of the geothermal resource of the carbonate thermal reservoir in the deep NJB is far greater than the former, reaching (9.9–15) × 1021 J (mean 12 × 1021 J). The results indicate capacities of a range value of (1.2–1.7) × 1021 J (mean 1.4 × 1022 J) for the whole NJB (<10 km).

scholarly journals Heat Flow and Thermal Source of the Xi’an Depression, Weihe Basin, Central China

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Xiaoyin Tang ◽  
Luyao Cheng ◽  
Ying Dong ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Central China ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithospheric Extension ◽  
Weihe Basin ◽  
Thermal Background

The Xi’an Depression of the Weihe Basin, located in the transition zone where the North China, Qinling and Yangtze plates collide with each other, is an important area of geothermal energy utilization in China. Studies of heat flow and thermal sources are of great significance to the exploration and development of geothermal resources in this area. In this paper, six temperature logs boreholes, and 14 thermal conductivity samples have been used to study the geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow in the area. The results show that the geothermal gradients of Xi’an Depression range from 20.8 C/km to 49.1 C/km, with an average of 31.7 ± 5.0 C/km. The calculated heat flow is 59.4–88.6 mW/m2, and the average value is 71.0 ± 6.3 mW/m2, which indicates a high thermal background in the area. The high anomalous zones are near the Lintong-Chang’an Fault zone in the southeast, the Weihe Fault in the north, and the Fenghe Fault in the central Xi’an Depression. These deep and large faults not only control the formation of the Xi’an Depression but also provide an important channel for the circulation of groundwater and affect the characteristics of the shallow geothermal distribution. The temperature of the Moho in the Xi’an Depression ranges from 600 to 700°C, and the thermal lithosphere thickness is about 90–100 km. The characteristics of lithospheric thermal structure in Xi’an Depression indicate that the higher thermal background in the study area is related to lithospheric extension and thinning and asthenosphere thermal material upwelling.

Observed seasonal regimes of North-South Atlantic Ocean interbasin exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed D. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Interbasin Exchange ◽  
North And South

North and South Atlantic lateral volume exchange is a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) embedded in Earth’s climate. Northward AMOC heat transport within this exchange mitigates the large heat loss to the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic. Because of inadequate climate data, observational basin-scale studies of net interbasin exchange between the North and South Atlantic have been limited. Here ten independent climate datasets, five satellite-derived and five analyses, are synthesized to show that North and South Atlantic climatological net lateral volume exchange is partitioned into two seasonal regimes. From late-May to late-November, net lateral volume flux is from the North to the South Atlantic; whereas from late-November to late-May, net lateral volume flux is from the South to the North Atlantic. This climatological characterization offers a framework for assessing seasonal variations in these basins and provides a constraint for climate models that simulate AMOC dynamics.

The Marine Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Penny Holliday ◽  
Stephanie Henson
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Growth Distribution

The growth, distribution, and variability of phytoplankton populations in the North Atlantic are primarily controlled by the physical environment. This chapter provides an overview of the regional circulation of the North Atlantic, and an introduction to the key physical features and processes that affect ecosystems, and especially plankton, via the availability of light and nutrients. There is a natural seasonal cycle in primary production driven by physical processes that determine the light and nutrient levels, but the pattern has strong regional variations. The variations are determined by persistent features on the basin scale (e.g. the main currents and mixed layer regimes of the subtropical and subpolar gyres), as well as transient mesoscale features such as eddies and meanders of fronts.

scholarly journals Tracking a Coastal Wave Buoy, Lost from the Southern Coast of Jeju Island, Using Lagrangian Particle Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Seongbong Seo ◽  
Young-Gyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Japan Sea ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
East China ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Lagrangian Particle ◽  
The North ◽  
Particle Modeling ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Tracking Model

A coastal wave buoy was lost near Jeju Island, Korea, in late July 2014 and found at Cape Mendocino, USA, in April 2020. The buoy’s journey was simulated with a Lagrangian particle tracking model using surface ocean currents and wind data at 10 m above sea level. Experiments were conducted with windage values of 0, 2, and 4%. Particles were released along the southern coast of Jeju Island from 31 July to 8 August 2014. When the windage was 0 or 2%, most particles reached the northwest Pacific via the East/Japan Sea or East China Sea, respectively. With 4% windage, very few particles entered the North Pacific. Under 0% windage, particles accumulated in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) and never reached the USA. Under 2%, particles were able to escape the GPGP and started to reach the USA coast 2 years and 7 months after the release. The trajectory of the buoy was deduced from the trajectories of particles with a similar travel time. The buoy likely moved to East China and then to the subtropical convergence zone, where it must have circulated for approximately 2 years before being pushed toward Cape Mendocino by the intensified winter westerlies.

A review of the tectonics of the northern Middle East region

1984 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. R. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Continental Collision ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThe structure of the northern part of the Arabian platform is reviewed in the light of hitherto unpublished exploration data and the presently accepted kinematic model of plate motion in the region. The Palmyra and Sinjar zones share a common history of development involving two stages of rifting, one in the Triassic–Jurassic and the other during late Cretaceous to early Tertiary times. Deformation of the Palmyra zone during the Mio-Pliocene is attributed to north–south compression on the eastern block of the Dead Sea transcurrent system which occurred after continental collision in the north in southeast Turkey. The asymmetry of the Palmyra zone is believed to result from northward underthrusting along the southern boundary facilitated by the presence of shallow Triassic evaporites. An important NW-SE cross-plate shear zone has been identified, which can be traced for 600 km and which controls the course of the River Euphrates over long distances in Syria and Iraq. Transcurrent motion along this zone resulted in the formation of narrow grabens during the late Cretaceous which were compressed during the Mio-Pliocene. To a large extent, present day structures in the region result from compressional reactivation of old lineaments within the Arabian plate by the transcurrent motion of the Dead Sea fault zone and subsequent continental collision.

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