scholarly journals Who Makes an Effort? A Person-Centered Examination of Motivation and Beliefs as Predictors of Students’ Effort and Performance on the PISA 2015 Science Assessment

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hofverberg ◽  
Hanna Eklöf ◽  
Maria Lindfors
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Epistemic Beliefs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Science Assessment ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
And Performance

Each time new PISA results are presented, they gain a lot of attention. However, there are many factors that lie behind the results, and they get less attention. In this study, we take a person-centered approach and focus on students’ motivation and beliefs, and how these predict students’ effort and performance on the PISA 2015 assessment of scientific literacy. Moreover, we use both subjective (self-report) and objective (time-based) measures of effort, which allows us to compare these different types of measures. Latent profile analysis was used to group students in profiles based on their instrumental motivation, enjoyment, interest, self-efficacy, and epistemic beliefs (all with regard to science). A solution with four profiles proved to be best. When comparing the effort and performance of these four profiles, we saw several significant differences, but many of these differences disappeared when we added gender and the PISA index of economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS) as control variables. The main difference between the profiles, after adding control variables, was that the students in the profile with most positive motivation and sophisticated epistemic beliefs performed best and put in the most effort. Students in the profile with unsophisticated epistemic beliefs and low intrinsic values (enjoyment and interest) were most likely to be classified as low-effort responders. We conclude that strong motivation and sophisticated epistemic beliefs are important for both the effort students put into the PISA assessment and their performance, but also that ESCS had an unexpectedly large impact on the results.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

Singapore Primary Students’ Pursuit of Multiple Achievement Goals: A Latent Profile Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Kwan Ning
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
School Context ◽  
Achievement Goal ◽  
Primary Students ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mastery Avoidance ◽  
Latent Profile

Based on measures of approach and avoidance mastery and performance goals delineated in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework, this study utilized a person-centered approach to examine Singapore primary students’ ( N = 819) multiple goals pursuit in the general school context. Latent profile analysis identified six types of students with distinct patterns of achievement goal motivation: high goal-oriented (strong multiple goals), average goal-oriented (moderate multiple goals), low goal-oriented (weak multiple goals), performance and approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, high performance-avoidance, low mastery-avoidance), approach-oriented (high mastery- and performance-approach, low mastery- and performance-avoidance), and mastery-oriented (moderate mastery-approach and mastery-avoidance, low performance-approach and performance-avoidance). Significant profile differences were detected in various measures of deep and surface learning strategies, metacognitive strategies, and mathematics test performance. The high goal-oriented profile appeared to be the most adaptive in relation to these learning outcomes, followed by the performance and approach-oriented, the mastery-oriented, and the approach-oriented profiles.

scholarly journals A latent profile analysis of the typology of bulimic symptoms in an indigenous Pacific population: evidence of cross-cultural variation in phenomenology

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Thomas ◽  
R. D. Crosby ◽  
S. A. Wonderlich ◽  
R. H. Striegel-Moore ◽  
A. E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Latent Profile

BackgroundPrevious efforts to derive empirically based eating disorder (ED) typologies through latent structure modeling have been limited by the ethnic and cultural homogeneity of their study populations and their reliance on DSM-IV ED signs and symptoms as indicator variables.MethodEthnic Fijian schoolgirls (n=523) responded to a self-report battery assessing ED symptoms, herbal purgative use, co-morbid psychopathology, clinical impairment, cultural orientation, and peer influences. Participants who endorsed self-induced vomiting or herbal purgative use in the past 28 days (n=222) were included in a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify unique subgroups of bulimic symptomatology.ResultsLPA identified a bulimia nervosa (BN)-like class (n=86) characterized by high rates of binge eating and self-induced vomiting, and a herbal purgative class (n=136) characterized primarily by the use of indigenous Fijian herbal purgatives. Both ED classes endorsed greater eating pathology and general psychopathology than non-purging participants, and the herbal purgative class endorsed greater clinical impairment than either the BN-like or non-purging participants. Cultural orientation did not differ between the two ED classes.ConclusionsIncluding study populations typically under-represented in mental health research and broadening the scope of relevant signs and symptoms in latent structure models may increase the generalizability of ED nosological schemes to encompass greater cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Profiles of psychological skill use and their relations with self and coach-rated mental toughness in Thai athletes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Manley ◽  
Chayut Piromsombat ◽  
Somboon Jarukasemthawee ◽  
Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Latent Profile

We examined two questions relating to athletes use of psychological skills and techniques (PS). First, we consider whether athletes differ in the configuration of PS they use. Second, we examine how PS use is related to both self-reported and informant-rated mental toughness. A sample of 309 elite Thai athletes reported their frequency of PS use in practice and competition settings and completed a self-report measure of mental toughness; coaches provided informant ratings of mental toughness for a subset of athletes. Using latent profile analysis, we replicated previous findings (Ponnusamy, Lines, Zhang, & Gucciardi, 2018) to show that athletes could be best classified in to three subgroups based on their PS use, and these subgroups differed in the relative frequency of their PS use rather than in the specific patterns of PS. Further, we find that mental toughness differed as a function of PS use with higher frequency of PS use associated with higher self-rated mental toughness, and higher coach-ratings of mental toughness. These findings suggest that athletes do not appear to differ in the configurations of PS used and show that PS not only relate to self-perceptions of mental toughness but also to the display of more mentally tough behaviour

scholarly journals Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kaplan ◽  
E. L. McGlinchey ◽  
A. Soehner ◽  
A. Gershon ◽  
L. S. Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Latent Profile

Background.Though poorly defined, hypersomnia is associated with negative health outcomes and new-onset and recurrence of psychiatric illness. Lack of definition impedes generalizability across studies. The present research clarifies hypersomnia diagnoses in bipolar disorder by exploring possible subgroups and their relationship to prospective sleep data and relapse into mood episodes.Method.A community sample of 159 adults (aged 18–70 years) with bipolar spectrum diagnoses, euthymic at study entry, was included. Self-report inventories and clinician-administered interviews determined features of hypersomnia. Participants completed sleep diaries and wore wrist actigraphs at home to obtain prospective sleep data. Approximately 7 months later, psychiatric status was reassessed. Factor analysis and latent profile analysis explored empirical groupings within hypersomnia diagnoses.Results.Factor analyses confirmed two separate subtypes of hypersomnia (‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’) that were uncorrelated. Latent profile analyses suggested a four-class solution, with ‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’ again representing two separate classes. Prospective sleep data suggested that the sleep of ‘long sleepers’ is characterized by a long time in bed, not long sleep duration. Longitudinal assessment suggested that ‘excessive sleepiness’ at baseline predicted mania/hypomania relapse.Conclusions.This study is the largest of hypersomnia to include objective sleep measurement, and refines our understanding of classification, characterization and associated morbidity. Hypersomnia appears to be comprised of two separate subgroups: long sleep and excessive sleepiness. Long sleep is characterized primarily by long bedrest duration. Excessive sleepiness is not associated with longer sleep or bedrest, but predicts relapse to mania/hypomania. Understanding these entities has important research and treatment implications.

Perceived Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, and Mental Distress Among Asian International Students in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Na Suh ◽  
Lisa Y. Flores ◽  
Kenneth T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
International Students ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Asian International Students

This study explored the associations between perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and mental distress among 118 Asian international college students in Korea. Perceived discrimination and ethnic identity were included as critical factors in international students’ adaptation to living in Korea, and their associations with self-report measures of depression and anxiety were explored using canonical correlation and latent profile analysis. Based on studies identifying two types of discrimination, we explored how each discrimination type relates to mental distress. Results indicated (a) students’ perceptions of personal rejection (i.e., demeaning and overt acts of discrimination) were significantly associated with depression and anxiety, and this association was stronger than that of perceived unfair treatment, and depression and anxiety (b) students’ exploration of ethnic identity had a positive relationship with anxiety. These results suggest the need to provide additional supports for international students engaged in the exploration process. The current results also suggest that Asian international students’ adaptation experiences in Korea may differ from those international students in other countries as reported in the literature. More attention and study with international students is needed to seek possible common parameters of adaptation in diverse cultural contexts of host countries.

A Typology of Family Firms: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Stanley ◽  
Remedios Hernández-Linares ◽  
María Concepción López-Fernández ◽  
Franz W. Kellermanns
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Firm Life Cycle ◽  
And Performance

Drawing on family firm heterogeneity research, we develop a typology of family firms using differences in family influence and firm life cycle. We offer hypotheses regarding the relationships between the different firm types and two important outcomes: Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance. Applying latent profile analysis to a sample of 684 Spanish and Portuguese family firms using variables related to family influence (i.e., ownership, family CEO) and firm life cycle (i.e., generational management, size, and presence of board of directors), we find four family firm types, which differentially affect EO and performance. Implications of our findings for EO, family firm performance, and the development of family firm typologies are discussed.

scholarly journals Silver Linings and Storm Clouds: Divergent Profiles of Student Momentary Engagement Emerge in Response to the Same Task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Elisabeth Symonds ◽  
James B. Schreiber ◽  
Benjamin M. Torsney
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

Previous research has demonstrated that student motivation and engagement can take different forms across a variety of tasks at school or college. However, no research has yet examined the forms of student momentary engagement that emerge in response to a single task. Adolescent students (N = 196) from two low-income secondary schools in Dublin, Ireland, were given the same English grammar task to complete in a ten-minute period. We used systematic observation and post-task self-report measures to collect data on momentary cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we discovered seven main forms of momentary (dis)engagement: fully engaged, attentive but amotivated, attentive but disinterested, attentive but disaffected, distracted but motivated, disengaged, and deeply disengaged. Gender, ethnicity, academic self-efficacy, peer support and classmate cognitive engagement were notable predictors of group membership. The results should be useful to educators wanting to understand why students in their classrooms have a variety of responses to the same task.

scholarly journals Comparison of Responsibility Mental Models of Fire Brigades in Charge of Nuclear Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Hae-Youn Choi ◽  
Sang-Kyu Lee ◽  
Min-Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Fire Brigade ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cooperation System ◽  
Cooperation Partner

The responsibility mental model (RMM) is an important factor in an effective cooperation system that affects decision-making, role adjustment, and performance. For this purpose, 186 firefighters from an off-site fire brigade and 65 firefighters from an on-site fire brigade participated in the study. We compared the levels of the RMM for a fire at a nuclear plant and analyzed whether the RMM is shared internally in each fire brigade through latent profile analysis. The results showed that the responsibility of on-site fire brigades is prioritized for fire liability in nuclear plants. Both brigades identified the heterogeneity of the RMM. Firefighters from the off-site fire brigade were divided into three groups of thinking they have ‘more responsibility’ (11%), ‘shared responsibility’ (36%), and ‘less responsibility’ (53%) than their cooperation partner. Firefighters from the on-site fire brigade were divided into two groups of ‘more responsibility’ (48%) and ‘shared responsibility’ (52%). The result that each fire brigade does not share a homogeneous RMM suggests the ambiguity of roles in the cooperation system. The need for infrastructure for cross-organizational collaboration and coordination is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document