Hedging between the United States and China? South Korea’s ideology-driven behavior and its implications for national security

Given the limits of the prevailing hedging account for Seoul’s puzzling behavior that is in conformity with the interests of its adversary (i.e. North Korea) and potential threat (i.e. China) rather than those of its principal ally (i.e. the United States) and security cooperation partner (i.e. Japan), this article emphasizes the impact of the progressive ideology on Seoul’s security policy. In doing so, it calls for attention to a domestic source of ideology in explaining the security behaviors of a secondary state, which is under-researched and thus is poorly understood.

Distributed Skills in Camel Herding. Cooperation in a Human-Animal Relationship in Somaliland

This article examines interspecies cooperation in camel herding in Somaliland. It presents the case of a particular joint activity in this task-scape: moving a camel herd, by leading and driving it, from the night-camp to the daytime grazing area and back. The analytical aim is to clarify the role that skills and nonhuman agency play in the constitution of cooperative human-camel relationships. On the basis of empirical data, collected in a multispecies ethnographic project by following and observing one herd and herder closely, this article demonstrates how nonhuman agency, as an individual capacity to engage in an activity and an epistemological potential, manifests in this human-camel cooperative task. Cooperation is made possible through human-camel sociality and intersubjectivity, through the ability to interpret and respond to each other, and it depends on the empathetic acknowledgement of the enabling or disabling powers of each counterpart, her or his agency. Leading and driving camels is a skilled practice requiring the responding and enabling capacities of the cooperation partner. Hence, it is a case of distributed skills – distributed in the sense that skills of humans and nonhumans are intertwined in this practice, that they complement each other.

India’s Trade Relationship with Germany After Liberalisation

The article looks at the potential for trade change between India and Germany and explores possible improvement after liberalization for each economy. India is the largest cooperation partner in Germany and provides the basis for various forms of cooperation. This article identifies the trend of trade flows in a perfectly competitive world between the two countries' economies. This study includes cross-border German and Indian industries to obtain insight into the ease of doing business in a foreign country. This study discusses the flow of trade after liberalization between India and Germany. As this can be shown, both India & Germany create an array of possibilities that remain uncharted for each other. In building upon their partnership, there is great mutuality of benefit. To study the tone for these deliberations, this study was performed. Its goal is not only to highlight the attractiveness of both countries for investment and business through different avenues but also to lay the foundations for long-term affiliation between these two vibrant or promising economies. This also shows the assist in the development of bilateral relations between India and Germany in various fields, and hence, Establishing a laissez-faire economy in harmony with the new global economic order.

Comparison of Responsibility Mental Models of Fire Brigades in Charge of Nuclear Power Plants

The responsibility mental model (RMM) is an important factor in an effective cooperation system that affects decision-making, role adjustment, and performance. For this purpose, 186 firefighters from an off-site fire brigade and 65 firefighters from an on-site fire brigade participated in the study. We compared the levels of the RMM for a fire at a nuclear plant and analyzed whether the RMM is shared internally in each fire brigade through latent profile analysis. The results showed that the responsibility of on-site fire brigades is prioritized for fire liability in nuclear plants. Both brigades identified the heterogeneity of the RMM. Firefighters from the off-site fire brigade were divided into three groups of thinking they have ‘more responsibility’ (11%), ‘shared responsibility’ (36%), and ‘less responsibility’ (53%) than their cooperation partner. Firefighters from the on-site fire brigade were divided into two groups of ‘more responsibility’ (48%) and ‘shared responsibility’ (52%). The result that each fire brigade does not share a homogeneous RMM suggests the ambiguity of roles in the cooperation system. The need for infrastructure for cross-organizational collaboration and coordination is discussed.

EU Common Security and Defence Policy and China: a case study of coopetition

With the 2019 EU–China Strategic Outlook, the EU has revalidated its dual perspective on China as cooperation partner and strategic competitor at the same time. So far, considerations of China in EU and EU Member States have primarily focused on economic questions. However, as China‘s foreign policy becomes more assertive and visible via military deployments in the EU‘s geopolitical neighbourhood, the EU needs to confront this challenge by giving appropriate and concrete political responses in a geostrategic context as well. Based on the concept of „coopetition“, this article provides an analysis and subsequent recommendations on how the EU can integrate the “China factor” in its Common Security and Defence Policy, while ensuring that a balance of cooperation and competition in EU’s China policy is retained

INDONESIA AND SOUTH KOREA DEFENSE DIPLOMACY: CASE STUDY OF PROCUREMENT OF CHANG BOGO CLASS VESSELS IN 2010-2018

<p>Indonesia has chosen South Korea as a cooperation partner because South Korea is agreed to Indonesia's procurement policy. The research objective was to analyze the stages of procurement of Chang Bogo class submarines and the role of defense diplomacy during the process. This study uses qualitative methodology with its analysis techniques. The study concluded that the procurement of submarines succeeded in terms of the number of submarines, but the percentage of transfer technology provided had not yet reached the minimum percentage of Indonesia’s need and Indonesia must build adequate infrastructure to achieve the independence goals of the defense industry but Indonesia was still experiencing fluctuate economic condition. Therefore, the procurement of defense and security equipment tools <em>(alpalhankam)</em> must adjust to that condition.</p>

On becoming a development cooperation partner: Kazakhstan’s foreign policy, identity, and international norms

This article joins the discussion on foreign aid triggered by the rise of multiplicity of emerging donors in international development. Informed by the constructivist framework of analysis, this article evaluates the philosophy and core features of Kazakhstan’s chosen development aid model and explains the factors that account for the construction of distinct aid patterns of Kazakh donorship. This article asserts that Kazakhstan embraces a hybrid identity as a foreign aid provider through combining features and characteristics pertaining to both—emerging and traditional donors. On one hand, it discursively constructed its identity as a “development cooperation partner,” adopting the relevant discourse of mutual benefit, respect for sovereignty, and non-interference, which places it among those providers that actively associate themselves with the community of “emerging donors.” On the other hand, it selectively complies with policies and practices advocated by traditional donors. This study suggests that a combination of domestic and international factors played an important role in shaping Kazakhstan’s understanding of the aid-giving practices, and subsequently determined its constructed aid modality.

MEMBANGUN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENATA LINGKUNGAN YANG ASRI, NYAMAN DAN SEHAT

Abstrak: Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah (1) untuk membangun kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan, (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lingkungan, dan (3) meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam hal kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan sehingga tercipta perilaku hidup dan lingkungan yang bersih, asri, nyaman, dan sehat. Mitra kerjasama kegiatan ini adalah warga Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Timur. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat terdiri dari tiga tahap yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Pada Tahap persiapan, tim pengabdian melakukan pra kunjungan ke tempat Mitra. Tahap Pelaksanaan terdiri dari kegiatan penyuluhan kepada warga tentang pentingnya kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan aksi lapangan berupa kerjabakti membersihkan lingkungan bersama warga. Tahap Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan suatu kegiatan yang telah dilakukan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh warga telah memiliki pemahaman dan perilaku yang peduli lingkungan hidup asri, nyaman, dan sehat.Abstract: The purpose of this community service is (1) to build public awareness on hygiene and environmental health, (2) to increase public knowledge in environmental management, and (3) Increase participation In terms of hygiene and environmental health and thus create a living behavior and a clean, beautiful, comfortable, and healthy environment. The cooperation partner of this activity is the residents of South Jakarta and East Jakarta. The method of implementation of devotion to the community consists of three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation. At the preparatory stage, the team commits pre-visits to the partner site. The implementation phase consists of counseling activities to citizens about the importance of hygiene and environmental health and then continued with the action field in the form of cooperation to clean the environment with the citizens. The evaluation stage is done to measure the success rate of an activity that has been done. The results show that all citizens have had an understanding and behavior that cares about a beautiful, comfortable, and healthy living environment

MENTORING AS ONE OF THE PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ENVIRONMENT

The quality of the entrepreneurial environment is one of the preconditions for the competitiveness of the national economy of Latvia. Mentoring in entrepreneurship is mainly used to foster the expansion of new and less-experienced enterprises. Cooperation between a mentor and a mentee gives opportunities for the mentee to grow and develop. The paper is based on the implementation results for the research grant "Mentoring Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Development in Rezekne Municipality”. The research aim is to examine mentoring as one of the preconditions for the development of the entrepreneurial environment. The research results revealed that mentoring could be one of the most effective ways how to promote an increase in the number of entrepreneurs and economic growth. Potential mentors rated a mentor’s knowledge of relevant business legislation and how to enter a new market and attract a new cooperation partner as “important” and “very important”. Mentees, in contrast, wished to make new contacts, acquire new cooperation partners and attract investments and funds with the help of their mentors as well as expected that their mentors would help them to reveal their personal potential and how to effectively use it in entrepreneurship. The key traits needed by mentees, the potential mentors referred to, confirmed the theoretical principles of mentoring – mentors have to hear and listen and to help their mentees to find answers to problems themselves. In Rezekne municipality, mentoring in entrepreneurship could contribute to the development of less-experienced enterprises. Accordingly, it is necessary to continue the research begun by the authors, identifying and creating a database of potential mentors and mentees in the other municipalities of Latgale region who can and are ready to engage in the business mentor network. Research methods used: monographic and descriptive, analysis, synthesis, statistical analysis and a sociological method – surveying. The research was done based on relevant research studies by foreign and national scientists as well as industry experts, data of the Central Statistical Bureau and other information sources.