scholarly journals Six-Week Exercise Training With Dietary Restriction Improves Central Hemodynamics Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota in Adolescents With Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhao Huang ◽  
Jingwen Liao ◽  
Yang Fang ◽  
Hailin Deng ◽  
Honggang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Central Hemodynamic ◽  
Subendocardial Viability Ratio

PurposeObesity in children and in adolescents can lead to adult cardiovascular diseases, and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in obesity pathophysiology. Exercise and diet interventions are typical approaches to improve physical condition and to alter the gut microbiota in individuals with obesity. However, whether central hemodynamic parameters including subendocardial viability ratio, the augmentation index standardized to a heart rate of 75/min (AIx75), resting heart rate, and blood pressure, correlate with gut microbiota changes associated with exercise and diet is unclear.MethodsAdolescents (n = 24, 12.88 ± 0.41 years) with obesity completed our 6-week program of endurance and strength exercises along with dietary restriction. Blood and fecal samples were collected, and physical parameters were measured before and 24 h after the last session of the intervention program. Pulse wave analysis using applanation tonometry provided the subendocardial viability ratio, a surrogate measure of microvascular myocardial perfusion, and AIx75, a measure of arterial stiffness and peripheral arteriolar resistance. Correlation analysis detected any associations of anthropometric or central hemodynamic parameters with gut microbiome composition.ResultsExercise and diet interventions significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio, and lowered levels of fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AIx75 and resting heart rate were also significantly reduced after the intervention without changes to systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The ratio of intestinal microbiota Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes displayed a marked increase after intervention. Interventional changes in gut microbiota members were significantly associated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Microbial changes were also significantly correlated with central hemodynamic parameters, including subendocardial viability ratio, AIx75, and resting heart rate.ConclusionExercise and diet interventions significantly improved measures of central hemodynamics, including subendocardial viability ratio, AIx75, and resting heart rate, which were correlated with altered gut microbiota in adolescents with obesity. Our findings shed light on the effects and mechanisms underlying exercise and diet interventions on obesity and suggest this approach for treating patients with both cardiovascular disease and obesity.

scholarly journals Blood pressure and resting heart rate in 3-17-year-olds in Germany in 2003–2006 and 2014–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Sarganas ◽  
Anja Schienkiewitz ◽  
Jonas D. Finger ◽  
Hannelore K. Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Selection Rule ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Examination ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Analysis Measurement

AbstractTo track blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (RHR) in children and adolescents is important due to its associations with cardiovascular outcomes in the adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine BP and RHR over a decade among children and adolescents living in Germany using national examination data. Cross-sectional data from 3- to 17-year-old national survey participants (KiGGS 2003–06, n = 14,701; KiGGS 2014–17, n = 3509) including standardized oscillometric BP and RHR were used for age- and sex-standardized analysis. Measurement protocols were identical with the exception of the cuff selection rule, which was accounted for in the analyses. Different BP and RHR trends were observed according to age-groups. In 3- to 6-year-olds adjusted mean SBP and DBP were significantly higher in 2014–2017 compared to 2003–2006 (+2.4 and +1.9 mm Hg, respectively), while RHR was statistically significantly lower by −3.8 bpm. No significant changes in BP or in RHR were observed in 7- to 10-year-olds over time. In 11- to 13-year-olds as well as in 14- to 17-year-olds lower BP has been observed (SBP −2.4 and −3.2 mm Hg, respectively, and DBP −1.8 and −1.7 mm Hg), while RHR was significantly higher (+2.7 and +3.7 bpm). BP trends did not parallel RHR trends. The downward BP trend in adolescents seemed to follow decreasing adult BP trends in middle and high-income countries. The increase in BP in younger children needs confirmation from other studies as well as further investigation. In school-aged children and adolescents, the increased RHR trend may indicate decreased physical fitness.

scholarly journals Impact of Standing Speed on the Peripheral and Central Hemodynamic Response to Orthostasis

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. O’Connor ◽  
Matthew D. L. O’Connell ◽  
Hugh Nolan ◽  
Louise Newman ◽  
Silvin P. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Central Hemodynamic

Assessment of the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular response to standing has prognostic value for a range of outcomes in the older adult population. Studies generally attempt to control for standing speed differences by asking participants to stand in a specified time but little is known about the range of transition times observed. This study aimed to characterize how standing speed associates with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular measures following transition from supine to standing. Continuous cerebral oxygenation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored for 3 minutes after transitioning from supine to standing. An algorithm was used to calculate the time taken to transition from existing Finometer data (from the height correction unit). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the influence of transition time on each of the signals while adjusting for covariates. Transition time ranged from 2 to 27 s with 17% of participants taking >10 s to stand. Faster transition was associated with a more extreme decrease 10 s after standing but improved recovery at 20 s for cerebral oxygenation and blood pressure. Standing faster was associated with an elevated heart rate on initiation of stand and a quicker recovery 10 to 20 s after standing. The speed of transitioning from supine to standing position is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular response in the early period after standing (<40 s). Care should be taken in the interpretation of findings which may be confounded by standing speed and statistical adjustment for standing time should be applied where appropriate.

Changes in selected parameters of health and physical fitness following a sixteen-week deployment at sea

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
P W King-Lewis ◽  
A J Allsopp
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Cardiac Recovery ◽  
Test Occasion ◽  
Rate Of Recovery

AbstractThe effects of 16 weeks at sea upon selected parameters of health and physical fitness were investigated in 30 male volunteers (from a total crew of 48 men) prior to, and immediately following deployment. The 30 subjects were assigned toeither an exercise group, ‘Ex’ (n=12), or a non-exercising group, ‘Nil ex ’ (n = 18), according to their reported participation in vigorous training or sports. Body mass index (BMI), calculated from height and weight, revealed that prior to deployment 13 of the 30 subjects (two in the Ex group) had a BMI over 25 kg.m−2 (i. e. overweight), and a further three subjects (all ‘non-exercisers’) had values of 30 kg.m−2 or more (obese). In addition, the diastolic blood pressure of two subjects was in excess of 95 mmHg and five subjects had resting heart rates above 89 beats per minute. Retrospective comparisons between the Ex and Nilex groups revealed a significantly lower percentage body fat (P<0.01) and a faster rate of cardiac recovery (P<0.05) following a standardised bout of exercise in the Ex group, albeit that these individuals were significantly younger (mean age of 24 years) than those in the Nilex group (32 years). Following deployment, in the Nilex group, comparisonof pre- and post values showed that resting heart rate was elevated (P<0.01) on return from sea. Similarly, in the Nilex group heart rate while performing the standardised exercise about was also elevated (P<0.05) on the second test occasion. In the Ex group, heart rate measures during and foJlowing exercise indicated a significantly slower rate of recovery (P<0.05) on the second test occasion.

Conventional and bi-directional genetic evidence on resting heart rate and cardiometabolic traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Wenxiu Wang ◽  
Jingjia Wang ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Traits

Abstract Objectives To examine the direction, strength and causality of the associations of resting heart rate (RHR) with cardiometabolic traits. Methods We assessed the strength of associations between measured RHR and cardiometabolic traits in 506,211 and 372,452 participants from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and UK Biobank (UKB). Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to make causal inferences in 99,228 and 371,508 participants from CKB and UKB, respectively. Results We identified significant, directionally-concordant observational associations between RHR and higher total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, body mass index, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after the Bonferroni correction. MR analyses showed that 10 beat/min higher genetically-predicted RHR were trans-ethnically associated with a higher DBP (beta 2.059 [95%CI 1.544, 2.574] mmHg in CKB; 2.037 [1.845, 2.229] mmHg in UKB), higher CRP (0.180 [0.057, 0.303] log mg/L in CKB; 0.154 [0.134, 0.174] log mg/L in UKB), higher TG (0.052 [-0.009, 0.113] log mmol/L in CKB; 0.020 [0.010, 0.030] log mmol/L in UKB) and higher WHR (0.218 [-0.033, 0.469] % in CKB; 0.225 [0.111, 0.339] % in UKB). In the opposite direction, higher genetically-predicted SBP, TG, glucose, WHR and lower high-density lipoprotein were associated with elevated RHR. Conclusion Our large-scale analyses provide causal evidence between RHR and cardiometabolic traits, highlighting the importance of monitoring heat rate as a means of alleviating the adverse effect of metabolic disorders.

Reduced parasympathetic control of heart rate in obese dogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. H629-H637 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Van Vliet ◽  
J. E. Hall ◽  
H. L. Mizelle ◽  
J. P. Montani ◽  
M. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Parasympathetic Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Affect Heart Rate

We investigated why resting heart rate is elevated in dogs fed a high saturated fat diet for 12.7 +/- 1.8 wk. Obese dogs exhibited elevated body weight (59%), blood pressure (14%), and heart rate (25%). Differences in resting heart rate (control, 58 +/- 5 beats/min; obese, 83 +/- 7 beats/min) were abolished after hexamethonium, indicating an autonomic mechanism. Hexamethonium also reduced blood pressure in obese (20 +/- 4 mmHg) but not control (9 +/- 6 mmHg) animals. Propranolol did not affect heart rate in either group, excluding a beta-adrenergic mechanism. Subsequent administration of atropine increased heart rate more in control than in obese dogs (110 +/- 9 vs. 57 +/- 11 beats/min). The sensitivity of the cardiac limb of the baroreflex (Oxford method) was reduced by 46% in the obese group, confirming impairment of the parasympathetic control of heart rate. The standard deviation of blood pressure measurements was normal when expressed as a percentage of the mean arterial blood pressure (control, 11.2 +/- 0.4%; obese, 11.2 +/- 0.5%). Our results indicate that the development of obesity in dogs fed a high saturated fat diet is accompanied by an attenuated resting and reflex parasympathetic control of heart rate.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Hemodynamic Disorders in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryta E. Rzheutskaya
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Transpulmonary Thermodilution ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Central Hemodynamic ◽  
Death Group

Purpose. To define specific features of central hemodynamic parameter changes in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) and in patients with clinically established brain death and to determine the required course of treatment for their correction.Data and Research Methods. A close study of central hemodynamic parameters was undertaken. The study involved 13 patients with isolated STBI (group STBI) and 15 patients with isolated STBI and clinically established brain death (group STBI-BD). The parameters of central hemodynamics were researched applying transpulmonary thermodilution.Results. In the present study, various types of hemodynamic reaction (normodynamic, hyperdynamic, and hypodynamic) were identified in patients with isolated STBI in an acute period of traumatic disease. Hyperdynamic type of blood circulation was not observed in patients with isolated STBI and clinically established brain death. Detected hemodynamic disorders led to the correction of the ongoing therapy under the control of central hemodynamic parameters.Conclusions. Monitoring of parameters of central hemodynamics allows to detect the cause of disorders, to timely carry out the required correction, and to coordinate infusion, inotropic, and vasopressor therapy.

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