scholarly journals The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Proia ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Darinka Korovljev ◽  
Sonya Vasto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

There is growing recognition of the role of diet and physical activity in modulating bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and remodeling, which in turn can impact bone health later in life. Adequate nutrient composition could influence bone health and help to maximize peak bone mass. Therefore, children’s nutrition may have lifelong consequences. Also, physical activity, adequate in volume or intensity, may have positive consequences on bone mineral content and density and may preserve bone loss in adulthood. Most of the literature that exists for children, about diet and physical activity on bone health, has been translated from studies conducted in adults. Thus, there are still many unanswered questions about what type of diet and physical activity may positively influence skeletal development. This review focuses on bone requirements in terms of nutrients and physical activity in childhood and adolescence to promote bone health. It explores the contemporary scientific literature that analyzes the impact of diet together with the typology and timing of physical activity that could be more appropriate depending on whether they are children and adolescents to assure an optimal skeleton formation. A description of the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and gut hormones (gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, and GLP-2) as potential candidates in this interaction to promote bone health is also presented.

Association between physical activity and bone in children with Prader-Willi syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Duran ◽  
Kathleen S. Wilson ◽  
Diobel M. Castner ◽  
Jared M. Tucker ◽  
Daniela A. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Bone

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine if physical activity (PA) is associated with bone health in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).Participants included 23 children with PWS (age: 11.0±2.0 years). PA, measured by accelerometry, was categorized into light, moderate, vigorous and moderate plus vigorous intensities. Hip, total body minus the head (body), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD z-score (BMDModerate PA and select covariates explained the most variance in hip BMC (84.0%), BMD (61.3%) and BMDPA of at least moderate intensity appears important for BMC and BMD in children with PWS.

Lower Relative Bone Mineral Content in Obese Adolescents: Role of Non-Weight Bearing Exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Templeton ◽  
Aaron S. Kelly ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Donald R. Dengel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

We assessed relative bone mineral content (BMC) in normal-weight (BMI < 85th percentile), overweight (BMI ≥ 85th—< 95th percentile), and obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) adolescents and evaluated the impact of nonweight bearing stationary cycle exercise training in a subset of obese participants. Obese and overweight adolescents had higher (p = .001) BMC than normal-weight counterparts, but after adjusting for total body mass the overweight and obese adolescents had a significantly lower (p < .001) BMC than normal-weight subjects. Although aerobic training such as cycling would seem optimal for caloric expenditure in obese adolescents, this study showed that eight weeks of cycle training did not improve BMC in obese adolescents. Weight-bearing aerobic exercise would be a better option for optimizing bone health in this population.

scholarly journals A 24-Week Physical Activity Intervention Increases Bone Mineral Content without Changes in Bone Markers in Youth with PWS

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 984
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Rubin ◽  
Kathleen S. Wilson ◽  
Camila E. Orsso ◽  
Erik R. Gertz ◽  
Andrea M. Haqq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bone Remodeling Markers

Bone mineral density (BMD) is of concern in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). This study compared responses to a physical activity intervention in bone parameters and remodeling markers in youth with PWS (n = 45) and youth with non-syndromic obesity (NSO; n = 66). Measurements occurred at baseline (PRE) and after 24 weeks (POST) of a home-based active games intervention with strengthening and jumping exercises (intervention group = I) or after a no-intervention period (control group = C). Dual x-ray absorptiometry scans of the hip and lumbar spine (L1-L4) determined BMD and bone mineral content (BMC). Bone markers included fasting bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx). Both I and C groups increased their hip BMD and BMC (p < 0.001). Youth with PWS-I increased their spine BMC from PRE to POST (p < 0.001) but not youth with PWS-C (p = 1.000). Youth with NSO (I and C) increased their spine BMC between PRE and POST (all p < 0.001). Youth with PWS showed lower BAP (108.28 ± 9.19 vs. 139.07 ± 6.41 U/L; p = 0.006) and similar CTx (2.07 ± 0.11 vs.1.84 ± 0.14 ng/dL; p = 0.193) than those with NSO regardless of time. Likely, the novelty of the intervention exercises for those with PWS contributed to gains in spine BMC beyond growth. Bone remodeling markers were unaltered by the intervention.

scholarly journals Influence of a diet and physical activity on the nutritional status of soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry units

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bertrandt ◽  
Anna Anyzewska ◽  
Roman Lakomy ◽  
Tomasz Lepionka ◽  
Ewa Szarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionResearch from recent years indicate a problem of excessive body weight among soldiers, who due to the kind of carried out work should reveal the best health and fitness. Moreover, proper nutritional status in case of soldiers is extremely important, as it significantly affects their physical fitness. The aim of the study was to determine impact of the diet and physical activity on selected indicators of protein-energy and mineral nutritional status.Materials and methodsOne hundred and twenty male soldiers (aged: 28 ± 5; years of service: 5 ± 5), serving completed validated for Polish population the Food Frequency Questionnaire and long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body composition was determined by an electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) and bone mineral density of forearm bone of the non-dominant hand was assessed by the DEXA densitometric method, using apparatus EXA 3000.Results and discussionThis study confirmed the impact of both the diet and physical activity on selected measures of soldiers’ nutritional status, i.e. fat mass index and bone mineral density. Out of selected 61 products negative correlation between FMI and frequency of apples and pears consumption (r = -0.23, p = 0,023), and positive correlation with frequency of beer (r = 0.20, p = 0.049) and vodka and spirits drinking (r = 0.26, p = 0.010) consumption were found. While the T-score value positively correlated with frequency of tropical fruits (r = 0.23, p = 0.024), avocado (r = 0.25, p = 0.014), fine-grained not refined groats (r = 0.22, p = 0.030) and eggs (r = 0.29, p = 0.004) consumption. A negative correlation was found for frequency of refined bread (r = -0.24, p = 0.019), sausages(r = -0.35, p < 0.023), high-quality cold cuts (r = -0.25, p = 0.014, sugar to sweeten beverages (r = -0.31, p = 0.002), biscuits and cakes (r = -0.23, p = 0.016), salty snacks (r = -0.23, p = 0.023), fruit juices and nectars (r = -0.28, p = 0.005) and sugar-sweetened beverages (r = -0.34, p = 0.001). A negative correlation with FMI (r = -0.22, p = 0.036) for weekly physical activity expressed in MET-minutes/week was found. Positive correlations were found between T-score value and physical activity expressed in MET-minutes per week in total, housework, house maintenance and caring for family (r = 0.22; p = 0.040), and recreation, sport and physical activity in leisure time (r = 0.25, p = 0.019), as well as moderate physical activity (r = 0.28, p = 0.008) and intense one (r = 0.21, p = 0.046). The founded abnormalities in nutritional status, as well as numerous nutritional errors indicate a need for further monitoring of this group of soldiers, not only in terms of accuracy of nutritional status, their diet and physical activity, but also wider understood health behavior

scholarly journals The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age—findings from the ROLO Kids Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco K. McVey ◽  
Aisling A. Geraghty ◽  
Eileen C. O’Brien ◽  
Malachi J. McKenna ◽  
Mark T. Kilbane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD. Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.

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