scholarly journals Red Blood Cell Count: An Unrecognized Risk Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhong ◽  
Liying Guan ◽  
Haiyan Lin ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Yiming Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rbc Count

ObjectiveNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a global public health challenge. A convenient NAFLD indicator will greatly facilitate risk appraisal and prevention. As a readily available and inexpensive hematological index in routine clinical examinations, red blood cells (RBCs) are gaining increasing attention in many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, but their association with NAFLD is unknown.MethodsThis health management cohort study included 27,112 subjects (17,383 non-NAFLD and 9,729 NAFLD) with up to 5 years of follow-up (median 2.8 years). NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. NAFLD severity was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The generalized estimation equation (GEE), an extension of generalized linear models that allows for analysis of repeated measurements, was used to analyze the association between RBC count and NAFLD.ResultsOverall, 4,332 of 17,383 (24.9%) subjects without NAFLD at baseline developed NAFLD. Incident NAFLD risk was positively associated with RBC count. After adjustment for hemoglobin and other confounders, the risk of incident NAFLD was 21%, 32%, and 51% higher in the second, third, and fourth RBC count quartiles, respectively, than in the lowest quartile. In 1,798 of 9,476 (19.0%) subjects with NAFLD at baseline, the severity of NAFLD increased. NAFLD progression risk increased progressively as RBC count increased (P for trend < 0.001). Every one-unit (1012 cells/L) increase in RBC count was associated with a 53% [OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.32-1.77)] increased risk for NAFLD progression.ConclusionsElevated RBC count was independently associated with a high risk of NAFLD incidence and progression. This finding revealed a convenient NAFLD risk indicator.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of atrial fibrillation stratified by body mass index: a nationwide population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Ryoung Lee ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Eue-Keun Choi ◽  
Seil Oh ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe evaluated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and analyzed the impact of NAFLD on AF risk in relation to body mass index (BMI). A total of 8,048,055 subjects without significant liver disease who were available fatty liver index (FLI) values were included. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups based on FLI: < 30, 30 to < 60, and ≥ 60. During a median 8-year of follow-up, 534,442 subjects were newly diagnosed as AF (8.27 per 1000 person-years). Higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.053, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.046–1.060 in 30 ≤ FLI < 60, and HR 1.115, 95% CI 1.106–1.125 in FLI ≥ 60). In underweight subjects (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), higher FLI raised the risk of AF (by 1.6-fold in 30 ≤ FLI < 60 and by twofold in FLI ≥ 60). In normal- and overweight subjects, higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF, but the HRs were attenuated. In obese subjects, higher FLI was not associated with higher risk of AF. NAFLD as assessed by FLI was independently associated with an increased risk of AF in nonobese subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. The impact of NAFLD on AF risk was accentuated in lean subjects with underweight.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Overlapping Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Møller ◽  
Nina Kimer ◽  
Thit Kronborg ◽  
Josephine Grandt ◽  
Jens Dahlgaard Hove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Near Future

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) denotes a condition with excess fat in the liver. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing, averaging > 25% of the Western population. In 25% of the patients, NAFLD progresses to its more severe form: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and >25% of these progress to cirrhosis following activation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. NAFLD is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome and represents a considerable and increasing health burden. In the near future, NAFLD cirrhosis is expected to be the most common cause for liver transplantation. NAFLD patients have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease as well as liver-related morbidity. In addition, hepatic steatosis itself appears to represent an independent cardiovascular risk factor. In the present review, we provide an overview of the overlapping mechanisms and prevalence of NAFLD and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Incident Diabetes in a Euglycemic Population Receiving Health Checkups: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Wei ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Yulong Luo ◽  
Rongxuan Yang ◽  
Zitong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lean Nafld

Abstract Background: Although recent evidence suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of diabetes, the association between lean NAFLD and incident diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether lean NAFLD and overweight/obese NAFLD have similar or dissimilar effects on the risk of new-onset diabetes.Methods: A longitudinal study was performed in 14,482 euglycemic adults who participated in a health check-up program. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. The outcome of interest was incident diabetes.Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate HRs with 95% CIs for future diabetes risk.Results: During the median 6.0 years of follow-up, 356 cases of diabetes occurred. Despite a low probability of hepatic fibrosis indicated by the BAAT score, lean NAFLD was positively associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Moreover, after adjusting for sociodemographic and potential confounders, the fullyadjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident diabetes between lean NAFLD and overweight/obese NAFLD to the reference (lean without NAFLD) were 2.58 (95% CI 1.68 to 3.97) and 2.52 (95% CI 1.79 to 3.55), respectively. In post hoc analysis, the HR (95% CI) for diabetes comparing lean NAFLD to obese/overweight NAFLD was 1.02 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.54, p = 0.909). The results were robust to challenges in multiple subgroup analyses and appeared to be more pronounced for female participants (p for interaction = 0.005).Conclusions: In this cohort study, lean patients with NAFLD had a risk of incident type 2 diabetes similar to that of overweight/obese ones with NAFLD. These findings suggest that lean NAFLD is not a benign condition. Further investigations are needed to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of NAFLD in lean subjects.

scholarly journals A Review of Western and Traditional Chinese Medical Approaches to Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Fan Hsu ◽  
Lee-Yan Sheen ◽  
Hung-Jen Lin ◽  
Hen-Hong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Increased Risk

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease of attention because of increase in prevalence from 20% to 41%. The clinical and pathological conditions in patients with NAFLD range from steatosis alone to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis to hepatic cancer. In the United States, NAFLD was the second-leading indication for liver transplant between 2004 and 2013. Although imaging studies such as magnetic resonance elastography and the use of diagnostic panels and scoring systems can provide a fairly accurate diagnosis of NAFLD, there are few treatment options for patients with mild to moderate disease other than lifestyle modification. Many of the currently used medical treatments have been shown to cause severe side effects and some have been shown to be associated with increased risk for certain types of cancer. In recent years, a number of traditional Chinese herbal treatments have been examined for their potential uses as treatment for NAFLD. In this review, we provide a general overview of NAFLD and a survey of Western pharmacologic drugs currently used to treat the disease as well as the results of recent studies on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal remedies for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Lifestyle-Gut-Gene Interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Mazzotti ◽  
Maria Turchese Caletti ◽  
Anna Simona Sasdelli ◽  
Lucia Brodosi ◽  
Giulio Marchesini
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The accumulation of fat droplets in the hepatic parenchyma is driven by several factors, synergistically acting to increase triglyceride flow to the liver (diet and metabolic factors, endotoxemia from gut microbiota, genetic factors). Key Messages: In the presence of unhealthy lifestyles and behavioral factors, leading to enlarged adipose tissue and insulin resistance (IR), both lipolysis and de novo lipogenesis are expected to increase the risk of hepatic lipid depots, in association with high calorie (either high-fat or high-carbohydrate) diets. The gut microbiota may also be involved via obesity, IR and hepatic inflammation generated by gut-derived toxic factors. Finally, several data also support a primary role of genetic factors. A few gene polymorphisms have also been associated with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression to more fibrosis and advanced liver disease. In a few cases (e.g., patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3/adiponutrin), steatosis carries a high risk of both liver disease and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality; in other cases (e.g., transmembrane 6 superfamily 2 human gene), dissociation has been observed between the increased risk of liver disease versus cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: A variable interplay between the genetic background and the metabolic milieu is the likely physiopathologic mechanism involved in individual cases, which must be considered for implementing effective treatment strategies.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1594-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Cai ◽  
Sulin Zheng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—Is There a Link?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Orlić ◽  
I. Mikolasevic ◽  
Z. Bagic ◽  
S. Racki ◽  
D. Stimac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Research in recent years has led to the recognition of the importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relationship to the metabolic syndrome (MS). This has led to a growing interest in the potential prognostic value of NAFLD for adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome. On the other hand, searching for new risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression is very important. Growing evidence suggests that the MS is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CKD. The best confirmation of this pathogenic link is hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy as the main causes of CKD. Furthermore, the possible link between NAFLD and CKD has also attracted research interest and recent data suggest an association between these two conditions. These findings have fuelled concerns that NAFLD may be a new and added risk factor for the development and progression of CKD. NAFLD and CKD share some important cardiometabolic risk factors and possible common pathophysiological mechanisms, and both are linked to an increased risk of incident CVD events. Therefore, common factors underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CKD may be insulin resistance, oxidative stress, activation of rennin-angiotensin system, and inappropriate secretion of inflammatory cytokines by steatotic and inflamed liver.

Association of Circulating Adipsin, Visfatin, and Adiponectin with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Qiu ◽  
Su-Fan Wang ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background/Aims: Some adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the association of adipsin and visfatin with NAFLD still remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association of circulating adipsin, visfatin, and adiponectin with NAFLD in Chinese adults. Methods: We recruited a total of 211 eligible subjects, including 100 NAFLD cases and 111 age and sex frequency-matched controls. Circulating adipsin, visfatin, and adiponection concentrations were measured by enzymatic immunoassay. Unconditional logistic regression was conducted to assess the associations between quartiles of adipokines and NAFLD. Results: Compared with the controls, NAFLD cases had higher levels of adipsin and lower levels of visfatin and adiponectin. By multivariate logistic analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, circulating adipsin levels were found to be positively associated with NAFLD risk, and circulating levels of visfatin and adiponectin were inversely associated with the risk of NAFLD (all p-trend < 0.05). The ORs were 3.76 (95% CI 1.27–11.08) for adipsin, 0.30 (95% CI 0.10–0.91) for visfatin, and 0.30 (95% CI 0.10–0.88) for adiponectin comparing subjects in the highest quartile with those in the lowest. After stratified by obesity status, the association of higher adipsin with increased risk of NAFLD was only observed in nonobese group. Additionally, the inverse association between adiponectin and NAFLD was found in both groups. Conclusions: These results indicated that increased circulating levels of adipsin and decreased circulating levels of visfatin and adiponectin were independently associated with the increased risk of NAFLD.

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