scholarly journals Life-Time Environmental Chemical Exposure and Obesity: Review of Epidemiological Studies Using Human Biomonitoring Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayan Chandra Mohanto ◽  
Yuki Ito ◽  
Sayaka Kato ◽  
Michihiro Kamijima
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Obesity Indices

The exponential global increase in the incidence of obesity may be partly attributable to environmental chemical (EC) exposure. Humans are constantly exposed to ECs, primarily through environmental components. This review compiled human epidemiological study findings of associations between blood and/or urinary exposure levels of ECs and anthropometric overweight and obesity indices. The findings reveal research gaps that should be addressed. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) for full text English articles published in 2006–2020 using the keywords “environmental exposure” and “obesity”. A total of 821 articles were retrieved; 102 reported relationships between environmental exposure and obesity indices. ECs were the predominantly studied environmental exposure compounds. The ECs were grouped into phenols, phthalates, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to evaluate obesogenic roles. In total, 106 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were summarized after an additional search by each group of EC combined with obesity in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Dose-dependent positive associations between bisphenol A (BPA) and various obesity indices were revealed. Both individual and summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and non-DEHP metabolites showed inconsistent associations with overweight and obesity indices, although mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) seem to have obesogenic roles in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Maternal exposure levels of individual POP metabolites or congeners showed inconsistent associations, whereas dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were positively associated with obesity indices. There was insufficient evidence of associations between early childhood EC exposure and the subsequent development of overweight and obesity in late childhood. Overall, human evidence explicitly reveals the consistent obesogenic roles of BPA, DDE, and PFOA, but inconsistent roles of phthalate metabolites and other POPs. Further prospective studies may yield deeper insights into the overall scenario.

scholarly journals Environmental Substances Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease—A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11839
Author(s):  
Hanna Maria Elonheimo ◽  
Helle Raun Andersen ◽  
Andromachi Katsonouri ◽  
Hanna Tolonen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Neurological Effects

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, prevalent in approximately 50–70% of the dementia cases. AD affects memory, and it is a progressive disease interfering with cognitive abilities, behaviour and functioning of the person affected. In 2015, there were 47 million people affected by dementia worldwide, and the figure was estimated to increase to 75 million in 2030 and to 132 million by 2050. In the framework of European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), 18 substances or substance groups were prioritized for investigation. For each of the priority substances, a scoping document was prepared. Based on these scoping documents and complementary review of the recent literature, a scoping review of HBM4EU-priority substances which might be associated with AD was conducted. A possible association between risk of AD and pesticides was detected. For mercury (Hg), association is possible but inconsistent. Regarding cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), the results are inconsistent but inclined towards possible associations between the substances and the risk of disease. The evidence regarding lead (Pb) was weaker than for the other substances; however, possible associations exist. Although there is evidence of adverse neurological effects of environmental substances, more research is needed. Environmental chemical exposure and the related hazards are essential concerns for public health, and they could be preventable.

scholarly journals Chemical Exposure: European Citizens’ Perspectives, Trust, and Concerns on Human Biomonitoring Initiatives, Information Needs, and Scientific Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Maria Uhl ◽  
Ricardo R. Santos ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Osvaldo Santos ◽  
Ana Virgolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Scientific Results

Over the last few decades, citizen awareness and perception of chemical products has been a topic of interest, particularly concerning national and international policy decision makers, expert/scientific platforms, and the European Union itself. To date, few qualitative studies on human biomonitoring have analysed communication materials, made recommendations in terms of biomonitoring surveillance, or asked for feedback in terms of specific biomonitoring methods. This paper provides in-depth insight on citizens’ perceptions of knowledge of biomonitoring, impact of chemical exposure on daily life, and claims on how results of research should be used. Four semi-structured focus groups were held in Austria, Portugal, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (UK). The cross-sectional observational qualitative design of this study allows for better understanding of public concern regarding chemicals, application, and use of human biomonitoring. The main findings of this study include citizens’ clear articulation on pathways of exposure, the demand on stakeholders for transparent decision-making, and sensitivity in communication of results to the public. Validated and trustful communication is perceived as key to empowering citizens to take action. The results can be used to facilitate decision-making and policy development, and feeds into the awareness needs of similar and future projects in human biomonitoring. Furthermore, it also brings to light ideas and concepts of citizens’ in shaping collaborative knowledge between citizens’, experts, scientists, and policy makers on equal terms.

scholarly journals Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 15821-15834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Exley ◽  
Dominique Aerts ◽  
Pierre Biot ◽  
Ludwine Casteleyn ◽  
Marike Kolossa-Gehring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mothers Experiences

scholarly journals Linking biomarkersof environmental chemical exposure and endometriosis: integrating the exposome and metabolome in the ENDOXOMICS-b Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matta ◽  
T. Lefebvre ◽  
Y. Guitton ◽  
P. Marchand ◽  
B. Le Bizec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Environmental Chemical

A Follow-up Study on Mood States, Symptoms, and Chemical Exposure Levels of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Patients

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S40
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nakai ◽  
Saki Tateishi ◽  
Manabu Ozawa ◽  
Takako Matsui ◽  
Mikio Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Multiple Chemical

scholarly journals Disruption of female reproductive function by endotoxins

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. R169-R181 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L Bidne ◽  
M J Dickson ◽  
J W Ross ◽  
L H Baumgard ◽  
A F Keating
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Meiotic Competence ◽  
Metabolic Endotoxemia

Endotoxemia can be caused by obesity, environmental chemical exposure, abiotic stressors and bacterial infection. Circumstances that deleteriously impact intestinal barrier integrity can induce endotoxemia, and controlled experiments have identified negative impacts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; an endotoxin mimetic) on folliculogenesis, puberty onset, estrus behavior, ovulation, meiotic competence, luteal function and ovarian steroidogenesis. In addition, neonatal LPS exposures have transgenerational female reproductive impacts, raising concern about early life contacts to this endogenous reproductive toxicant. Aims of this review are to identify physiological stressors causing endotoxemia, to highlight potential mechanism(s) by which LPS compromises female reproduction and identify knowledge gaps regarding how acute and/or metabolic endotoxemia influence(s) female reproduction.

LIVING AND HEALTH CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG ELDERLY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B.F. DO NASCIMENTO JACINTO DE SOUZA ◽  
L. MARÍN-LEON
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

Background: The epidemiological and nutritional transition processes in the last decades underlie the rising trend of obesity in the elderly and is related to increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and decreased functional status. Objective: To analyze the association of demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related factors with overweight and obesity in elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Carried out in Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil, in 2011. Participants: 452 non-institutionalized elderly (aged ≥60 years), half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the other half were neighbors of the same sex. Results:Overweight frequency (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2) was 44.5% and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was 21.7%. In the multiple multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age group and economic class, there was greater chance of overweight among those that reported dyslipidemia; those that reported arthritis/ arthrosis/rheumatism and that once or more per week replaced supper by a snack were more likely to be obese. Elderly who did not leave home daily and reported diabetes had higher chance of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with worse living and health-related conditions, such as physical inactivity, changes in eating behaviors, and chronic diseases. Public health policies should encourage regular physical activity and healthy eating behaviors, focusing on traditional diet, through nutritional education, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and chronic diseases.

Ozone and Particulate Matter Exposure and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Human and Animal Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Ming Liu ◽  
Zechen Chong ◽  
Jiu-Chiuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Genetic Risk Factor ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an aging-related neurodegenerative disease, is a major cause of dementia in the elderly. Although the early-onset (familial) AD is attributed to mutations in the genes coding for amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and presenilin 1/presenilin 2 (PS1/PS2), the cause for the late-onset AD (LOAD), which accounts for more than 95% of AD cases, remains unclear. Aging is the greatest risk factor for LOAD, whereas the apolipo protein E4 allele (APOEε4) is believed to be a major genetic risk factor in acquiring LOAD, with female APOE ε4 carriers at highest risk. Nonetheless, not all the elderly, even older female APOE ε4 carriers, develop LOAD, suggesting that other factors, including environmental exposure, must play a role. This review summarizes recent studies that show a potential role of environmental exposure, especially ozone and particulate matter exposure, in the development of AD. Interactions between environmental exposure, genetic risk factor (APOE ε4), and sex in AD pathophysiology are also discussed briefly. Identification of environmental risk factor(s) and elucidation of the complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors plus aging and female sex in the onset of AD will be a key to our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AD and the development of the strategies for its prevention and treatment.

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