scholarly journals Measures to Control Invasive Crayfish Species in Switzerland: A Success Story?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Krieg ◽  
Alex King ◽  
Armin Zenker
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Water System ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Species

Invasive crayfish species were first documented in Switzerland in the 1970s. Today, North American crayfish species dominate in most major lakes and streams in Switzerland. In combination with the crayfish plague, they pose a substantial threat to our native crayfish. Over the past 20 years, various techniques have been applied to reduce negative impacts of these invasive crayfish in Switzerland: eradication (temporary drainage or destruction of a water system, biocides), suppression (intensive trapping, electricity introduction of predatory fish) and containment (construction of crayfish barriers). Temporary drainage or filling-in of isolated ponds, in combination with calcium hydroxide application has been successful in eradicating populations of invasive crayfish. However, trapping and introduction of predatory fish led to a reduction in population density but neither method has ever caused the extinction of a population. Invasive crayfish have not yet reached crayfish barriers, therefore, long-term functionality of these barriers still needs to be proven. Nevertheless, functional controls with native crayfish have shown that barriers prevent their upstream movement. Implementation of crayfish barriers is the most promising method to protect native crayfish from displacement by invasive crayfish species. Many measures are expensive, time consuming, and show little or no success in controlling invasive crayfish. Therefore, we recommend to focus on implementing drastic measures, such as filling-in or draining of isolated waters or a combination of various methods to maximise the reduction of population size.

Food web consequences of long-term invasive crayfish control

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen J.A. Hansen ◽  
Catherine L. Hein ◽  
Brian M. Roth ◽  
M. Jake Vander Zanden ◽  
Jereme W. Gaeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Rusty Crayfish ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Macrophyte Cover

Controlling invasive species can restore ecosystems while also quantifying species interaction strengths. We experimentally removed invasive rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) from a Wisconsin lake. Rusty crayfish abundance declined by 99% in 8 years and did not significantly increase 4 years postharvest, with no compensatory recruitment response observed. Native crayfish (Orconectes virilis) and sunfish (Lepomis spp.) abundances increased by two orders of magnitude as rusty crayfish abundance declined, and macrophyte cover increased significantly in 2–4 m waters. We expected benthic macroinvertebrate densities to increase as rusty crayfish were removed; however, fish consumption of invertebrates increased as rusty crayfish density declined, and macroinvertebrate responses varied among families and habitats. Total Gastropoda density increased 300-fold in cobble, while the density of one gastropod family declined in macrophytes. Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Amphipoda densities also declined in certain habitats as rusty crayfish were removed, suggesting that they are indirectly facilitated by rusty crayfish. This study highlights the importance of considering indirect effects when assessing the impacts of invasive species and demonstrates that these impacts may be reversed over relatively short time scales.

A comparative study of the physiological condition of native and invasive crayfish in Croatian rivers

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Lucić ◽  
Sandra Hudina ◽  
Matej Faller ◽  
Darko Cerjanec
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Orconectes Limosus ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Species

AbstractThe physiological condition of two invasive crayfish species identified in Croatian rivers (Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus) was compared with that of native crayfish populations (Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus). Hepatosomatic, gonadosomatic and abdominal muscle indices were examined for all four species and within a specific invadernative pair. The results demonstrate that invasive crayfish had better overall physiological condition when compared to native species, with a higher energy content of the hepatopancreas, abdominal muscle and gonads in invasive than in native species, with the exception of A. leptodactylus females which demonstrated an increased ability to allocate energy to reproduction in comparison with other species. These results also indicate that A. astacus is physiologically more unstable than A. leptodactylus and thus more likely to be outcompeted and replaced by non-indigenous crayfish species.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Vietnam Fire and Disaster Prevention Agency Improvement Project through ODA Project II

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Jun-Yang Park ◽  
Yong-Taek Han
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Selection Of

In this report, the results of the selection of firefighting vehicles based on the “Feasibility Study of Vietnam Fire and Disaster Prevention Agency Improvement Project through ODA Project I” are summarized. Population, jurisdictional area, and population density were analyzed in 58 provinces and in terms of fire response. The evidence of the age of firefighting vehicles, the number of firefighting targets, and the trend of reinforcement of firefighting vehicles over the past four years was identified. Because Vietnam is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization at the same time, firefighting conditions are changing quickly, and the demand for firefighting is expected to increase rapidly. Such an ODA support project can contribute to improving the supply ratio of firefighting vehicles in Vietnam and reducing damage to life and property resulting from fire. In the long term, the improvement of safety in the field of firefighting and disaster prevention is expected to contribute to the stable growth of the economy of Vietnam, which is undergoing rapid development. As the basis for selection to support firefighting vehicles, the total number of firefighting vehicles in Vietnam was determined based on area, population, population density, number of firefighting vehicles in each region, degree of deterioration, number of firefighting targets by region, and reinforcement performance of firefighting vehicles in each region for the past four years. It was possible to obtain the results for pump trucks, ladder trucks, and wreckers in 12 areas in 58 provinces.

A fiscally virtuous government?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Fratzscher
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Productive Public Spending

A third success story of Germany has been the impressive fiscal consolidation. This is no small achievement: the global financial crisis and the subsequent European crisis put many European governments under massive pressure to support their economies in order to avoid an even deeper crisis. The chapter shows that fiscal consolidation and public debt reduction are not always virtues. Cutting spending and raising taxes can, in fact, be disastrous during periods of crisis or recession. Fiscal austerity can be destabilizing and trigger a vicious cycle of low supply and low demand, thereby turning out to be counterproductive by weakening potential growth and long-term investment. Fiscal consolidation may be harmful to the long-term potential of an economy and to welfare if it cuts the most productive public spending on education or infrastructure, for example. Assessing German fiscal policy over the past decade reveals that all these elements apply to Germany.

ARCTIC HARE (LEPUS TIMIDUS L.) RESOURCE SITUATION IN THE RYAZAN AND TULA REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295
Author(s):  
M.K. Chugreev ◽  
◽  
G.I. Blokhin ◽  
N.A. Morgunov ◽  
I.S. Tkacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arctic Hare

The Arctic hare is a traditional favorite hunting object in Russia. One of the main tasks of ecology is the study of populations. The most important quantitative parameter for a biological community is the change in the number of its specimen. On the basis of official data on animal counts over the past 25 years, we have established some characteristics that provide information on the state of the Arctic hare resources in the Ryazan and Tula regions. The aim of this work was to carry out a population analysis of the Arctic hare resources in the south of the Moscow region in the Ryazan and Tula regions over the past 25 years. The population analysis included studying static (the number and density of the hare population, the volume of prey, as well as the long-term average value of the number) and dynamic (the dynamics of the number and volume of prey, the absolute and relative rate of change in the population size) indicators. Primary data on the population of hares were collected using the winter route accounting method. The population density of hares was determined on the total territory of the hunting grounds in the corresponding territory. Basing on the data obtained, it was revealed that over the past quarter of a century, the number of Arctic hares in the Ryazan region has a tendency to decrease. The population density of Arctic hares in 1995 and 2019 in the Tula region remained practically at the same level. The indicator of the Arctic hare kill in both Ryazan and Tula regions tends to decrease.

scholarly journals Tamoxifen as the first targeted long-term adjuvant therapy for breast cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. R235-R246 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Craig Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Overview Analysis ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Impact

Tamoxifen is an unlikely pioneering medicine in medical oncology. Nevertheless, the medicine has continued to surprise us, perform, and save lives for the past 40 years. Unlike any other medicine in oncology, it is used to treat all stages of breast cancer, ductal carcinomain situ, and male breast cancer and pioneered the use of chemoprevention by reducing the incidence of breast cancer in women at high risk and induces ovulation in subfertile women! The impact of tamoxifen is ubiquitous. However, the power to save lives from this unlikely success story came from the first laboratory studies which defined that ‘longer was going to be better’ when tamoxifen was being considered as an adjuvant therapy. This is that success story, with a focus on the interdependent components of: excellence in drug discovery, investment in self-selecting young investigators, a conversation withNature, a conversation between the laboratory and the clinic, and the creation of the Oxford Overview Analysis. Each of these factors was essential to propel the progress of tamoxifen to evolve as an essential part of the fabric of society.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

Gran Paradiso: Erkenntnisse aus der sich natürlich regulierenden Steinbockpopulation|Gran Paradiso: Conclusions from the naturally regulated Capricorn population

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (11) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Grégory Amos ◽  
Ambroise Marchand ◽  
Anja Schneiter ◽  
Annina Sorg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Capra Ibex ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Gran Paradiso ◽  
Gran Paradiso National Park

The last Capricorns (Capra ibex ibex) in the Alps survived during the nineteenth century in the Aosta valley thanks to the royal hunting reservation (today Gran Paradiso national park). Capricorns from this reservation were successfully re-introduced in Switzerland after its Capricorn population had disappeared. Currently in Switzerland there are 13200 Capricorns. Every year 1000 are hunted in order to prevent a large variation and overaging of their population and the damage of pasture. In contrast, in the Gran Paradiso national park the game population regulates itself naturally for over eighty years. There are large fluctuations in the Capricorn population (2600–5000) which are most likely due to the climate, amount of snow, population density and to the interactions of these factors. The long-term surveys in the Gran Paradiso national park and the investigations of the capacity of this area are a valuable example for the optimal management of the ibexes in Switzerland.

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