scholarly journals Responses of Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities to Natural Restoration of Reclaimed Temperate Marshes After Abandonment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunguang Wang ◽  
Haixing Li ◽  
Xiaoxin Sun ◽  
Tijiu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties ◽  
Plant Properties

Restoration of reclaimed marshes has great effects on soil biological processes. However, the responses of soil microbial properties (microbial biomass and enzyme activities) to natural restoration of reclaimed marshes is poorly studied, especially in a long restoration chronosequence. This study assessed the responses of soil microbial properties to natural restoration and investigated the relationships between soil microbial properties and soil physico-chemical and plant properties. We selected a restoration chronosequence (1, 4, 8, 13, 17, 27 years) after farmland abandonment, a soybean field, and a natural marsh in Sanjiang Plain, northeast China. For each site, we analyzed the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), four enzymes (β-glucosidase, invertase, catalase, urease) activities, soil physico-chemical properties at 0–50 cm depths, and plant properties (biomass, height, and coverage). The MBC and MBN contents increased with restoration time, but MBN content slowed down after 8 years of restoration. After 27 years of restoration, the soil MBC and MBN contents were 15.7 and 3.2 times of those in the soybean field, but the largest contents of MBC and MBN in the restored sites were 7.78%, 27.76% lower than those in natural marshes, respectively. Moreover, soil enzyme activities and the geometric mean of enzymatic activities (GME) also increased with restoration but slowed down after 13 years of restoration. After 27 years of restoration, the GME was 2.9 times than that in the soybean field, but the largest GME in the restored sites was 31.15% lower than that in the natural marsh. MBC and MBN contents, soil enzyme activities, and GME had significant relationships with soil C:N ratio, organic carbon, nutrients (total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus), bulk density, moisture content, pH, plant properties, (i.e. biomass, height, and coverage) (p < 0.01). Redundancy analysis revealed that soil C:N ratio, pH, moisture content, total nitrogen and phosphorus were main factors affecting MBC and MBN contents and enzyme activities. In conclusion, soil microbial properties can respond positively to the natural restoration process of the reclaimed marshes and were significantly correlated with specific parameters of soil physico-chemical and plant properties.

scholarly journals Linking Soil Microbial Properties with Plant Performance in Acidic Tropical Soil Amended with Biochar

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azlan Halmi ◽  
Siti Hasenan ◽  
Khanom Simarani ◽  
Rosazlin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are frequently used as indicators of soil fertility. However, the linkage of these properties with crop biomass is poorly documented especially in biochar amended soil with high carbon:nitrogen (C:N). A short-term field trial was conducted to observe the growth response of maize to biochar treatment in a highly weathered Ultisol of humid tropics and to observe the possible linkage of the measured microbial properties with maize biomass. Soil microbial biomass (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)), enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, urease, phosphodiesterase) and gene abundance (bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS) were analyzed. For comparison, total soil C, N, and P were also analyzed. The data revealed no significant linkage of soil C, N, and P with maize biomass. A significant association of enzyme activity and gene abundance with maize biomass was not recorded. Strong positive correlation between maize above ground biomass with microbial biomass N was found (r = 0.9186, p < 0.01). Significant negative correlation was recorded between microbial biomass C:N with maize biomass (r = −0.8297, p < 0.05). These statistically significant linkages observed between microbial biomass and maize biomass suggests that microbial biomass can reflect the soil nutrient status, and possibly plant nutrient uptake. Estimation of microbial biomass can be used as a fertility indicator in soil amended with high C:N organic matter in the humid tropics.

scholarly journals Effects of Continuous Tomato Monoculture on Soil Microbial Properties and Enzyme Activities in a Solar Greenhouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdan Fu ◽  
Guoxian Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhouping Sun ◽  
Guoming Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

scholarly journals Soil microbial properties of subalpine steppe soils at different grazing intensities in the Chinese Altai Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Goenster-Jordan ◽  
Mariko Ingold ◽  
Ramia Jannoura ◽  
Andreas Buerkert ◽  
Rainer Georg Joergensen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

AbstractLong-term provision of ecosystem services by grasslands is threatened by increasing stocking densities. The functions of grassland ecosystems depend on a mutual relationship between aboveground and belowground biota. While the effects of increasing stocking density on plant biomass are well studied, little is known about its impact on soil microbial properties. To fill this knowledge gap a grazing experiment was conducted on a summer pasture in the Chinese Altai Mountains during the summers of 2014 and 2015 using a randomized block design with stocking densities of 0, 8, 16, and 24 sheep ha−1 replicated four times. After two summer grazing periods (each 56 days), topsoil samples (1–7 cm) were taken in September 2015 and analyzed for major physical, chemical, and microbial soil properties. Except for the metabolic quotient (qCO2; p < 0.05), the examined soil properties remained unaffected by the increasing stocking densities, likely due to high spatial variability. The qCO2 declined from 13.5 mg CO2–C g−1 microbial biomass C d−1 at zero grazing to 12.2 mg CO2–C g−1 microbial biomass C d−1 at a stocking density of 24 sheep ha−1. Low values of qCO2 indicate an aged and dormant microbial community that diverts less soil organic carbon (SOC) to catabolic processes within their cells, characteristic for C limiting conditions. The aboveground biomass affected by grazing intensity correlated positively with SOC (rs = 0.60, p = 0.015) and ergosterol (rs = 0.76, p = 0.001) pointing indirectly to the effect of stocking density. Additionally to the relatively high values of qCO2, highest values of SOC (39.2 mg g−1 soil), ergosterol (6.01 µg g−1 soil), and basal respiration (10.7 µg g−1 soil d−1) were observed at a stocking density of 8 sheep ha−1 indicating that a low grazing intensity is recommendable to avoid soil degradation.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Microbial Biomass, Community Composition, and Enzyme Activities After Half-Century Forest Restoration in Degraded Tropical Lands

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Xin Xiong ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Jianqi Zhao ◽  
Mengdi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Microbial Groups

Soil carbon (C) sequestration and stabilization are determined by not only the C input to the soil but also the decomposition rate of soil organic matter (SOM), which is mainly mediated by soil microbes. Afforestation, an effective practice to restore forests from degraded or bare lands, may alter soil microbial properties, and thus soil C and nitrogen (N) dynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of different afforestation strategies on soil microbial compositions and activities after afforestation for half a century. Soil samples were collected from two afforested sites (i.e., a restored secondary forest (RSF) and a managed Eucalyptus forest (MEP)) and two reference sites (i.e., a nearby undisturbed forest (UF), representing the climax vegetation and a bare land (BL), representing the original state before restoration) in south China. We quantified the soil microbial biomass, microbial community compositions, and activities of nine extracellular enzymes at different soil depths and in different seasons. Results showed that the soil microbial biomass, all the main soil microbial groups, and the activities of all extracellular enzymes were significantly increased after afforestation compared to the BL sites, while the ratios of fungi/bacteria (F/B), specific enzyme activities, and the ecoenzymatic stoichiometry were significantly decreased regardless of the season and soil depth. Between the two afforested sites, these microbial properties were generally higher in the RSF than MEP. However, the microbial properties in the RSF were still lower than those in the UF, although the differences varied with different seasons, soil depths, and microbial groups or enzymes. Our findings demonstrated that afforestation might significantly improve microbial properties. Afforestation is more effective in mixed-species plantation than in the monoculture Eucalyptus plantation but needs a much longer time to approach an equivalent level to the primary forests.

scholarly journals Bentonite-Based Organic Amendment Enriches Microbial Activity in Agricultural Soils

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Rahul Datta ◽  
Jiri Holatko ◽  
Oldrich Latal ◽  
Tereza Hammerschmiedt ◽  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Bentonite-based organic amendments may have the potential to enhance soil microbial properties. The experiment was carried out from 2014 to 2017 comprising four treatments: NPK fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizer as a control), NPK + cattle manure, NPK + bentonite, and NPK + combination of manure with bentonite (MB) to verify this hypothesis. The effect of treatments on seven different soil microbial properties was measured: dehydrogenase activity (DHA), bacterial phospholipid fatty acid content, fungal phospholipid fatty acid content, microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil. The results showed that solely bentonite treatment increases the bacterial and fungal biomass, which was further confirmed by the increased 16S rDNA and 18s rDNA gene copy numbers. The only significantly decreased values upon treatment with solely bentonite were recorded for DHA and Cmic. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population increased with the sole application of bentonite and reached its maximum value when bentonite was applied with manure. The MB treatment showed the highest value for all seven measured properties. In summary, the application of bentonite solely might increase or decrease the soil activity, but its addition, along with manure, always promotes an abundance of soil microorganisms and their activity. The co-application of bentonite with manure altered the soil microbial properties in a 3-year field experiment in favor of increased microbial biomass, which is beneficial for agriculture and environment and reveals the potential for the restoration of polluted lands.

scholarly journals Vegetation Degradation of Guanshan Grassland Suppresses the Microbial Biomass and Activity of Soil

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
Hangyu Yang ◽  
Zisheng Xing ◽  
Yali Zou ◽  
Zheming Cui
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Total N ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Vegetation Degradation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties ◽  
The Impact

Changes in vegetation influence the function of grassland ecosystems. A degradation of the vegetation type has been found from high to low altitudes in Guanshan grassland in the order of forest grassland (FG) < shrub grassland (SG) < herb grassland (HG). However, there is poor information regarding the effect of vegetation degradation on soil microbes in Guanshan grassland. Therefore, our study evaluated the impact of vegetation degradation on the microbial parameters of soil, as well as the mechanisms responsible for these variations. Soils were sampled from 0 to 30 cm under the FG, SG, and HG in Guanshan grassland for determining the microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in April and July 2017. The results showed that vegetation types are important factors that obviously influence the above-mentioned soil microbial properties. The FG and SG had significantly higher soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and BR than those of the HG, but markedly lower qCO2 (p < 0.05). Soil pH, available nitrogen (AN), organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), available P (AP), and total N (TN) were key factors in the decline in the soil microbial biomass and microbial activities of the degraded vegetation. Moreover, slope aspects also affected the soil microbial properties, with the east slope having higher soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and BR and lower qCO2 than the west slope. Conclusively, vegetation degradation has led to a decline in the soil microbial biomass and microbial activities, indicating the degradation of the Guanshan grassland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Disentangling the ‘brown world’ faecal-detritus interaction web: dung beetle effects on soil microbial properties

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Slade ◽  
Tomas Roslin ◽  
Minna Santalahti ◽  
Thomas Bell
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties ◽  
Interaction Web

scholarly journals Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Li Jun ◽  
Liu Lixin ◽  
Zhang Chunlei ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
Lu Guangyuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Jianghan Plain ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

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