Role of IGF2 in the Study of Development and Evolution of Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer (PC) is commonly known as one of the most frequent tumors among males. A significant problem of this tumor is that in early stages most of the cases course as indolent forms, so an active surveillance will anticipate the appearance of aggressive stages. One of the main strategies in medical and biomedical research is to find non-invasive biomarkers for improving monitoring and performing a more precise follow-up of diseases like PC. Here we report the relevant role of IGF2 and miR-93-5p as non-invasive biomarker for PC. This event could improve current medical strategies in PC.

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Latest Evidence on the Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Active Surveillance for Insignificant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520618666180105105413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 925-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francesco Cantiello ◽

Stefano Manno ◽

Giorgio I. Russo ◽

Sebastiano Cimino ◽

Salvatore Privitera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Clinically Significant

Objective: Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) has become a very useful tool in the management of PCa. Particularly, there is a great interest in using mpMRI for men on Active Surveillance (AS) for low risk PCa. The aim of this systematic review was to critically review the latest literature concerning the role of mpMRI in this clinical setting, underlying current strengths and weakness. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature research for English-language original and review articles was carried out using the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database with the aim to identify studies pertaining to mpMRI for AS in low risk PCa patients. The following search terms were used: active surveillance, prostate cancer and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Evidence Synthesis: Data from 28 recent original studies and reviews were reviewed. We only considered studies on the use of mpMRI in selecting AS patients and during AS follow-up, in order to solve two important questions: -Can mpMRI have a role in improving the detection of clinically significant disease, better selecting AS patients? -Can mpMRI identify the progression of disease and, consequently, be used during AS follow-up? Conclusions: mpMRI is useful to better select the ideal candidates to AS and to monitor them during follow-up. However, despite many advantages, there are yet important limitations to detect all clinically significant PCa and to better define mpMRI-radiological progression during AS. Further larger prospective studies are needed to definitively solve these important problems.

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The Role of MRI in Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/203906 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Linda M. Johnson ◽

Peter L. Choyke ◽

William D. Figg ◽

Baris Turkbey

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Low Grade ◽

Common Cancer ◽

High Incidence ◽

Aggressive Tumors ◽

Slow Growing

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in American men, excluding skin cancer. The clinical behavior of prostate cancer varies from low-grade, slow growing tumors to high-grade aggressive tumors that may ultimately progress to metastases and cause death. Given the high incidence of men diagnosed with prostate cancer, conservative treatment strategies such as active surveillance are critical in the management of prostate cancer to reduce therapeutic complications of radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy. In this review, we will review the role of multiparametric MRI in the selection and follow-up of patients on active surveillance.

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Prostate Cancer Radiogenomics—From Imaging to Molecular Characterization

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22189971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (18) ◽

pp. 9971

Author(s):

Matteo Ferro ◽

Ottavio de Cobelli ◽

Mihai Dorin Vartolomei ◽

Giuseppe Lucarelli ◽

Felice Crocetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Imaging Biomarkers ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Molecular Features ◽

Specific Organ ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Automated Algorithms

Radiomics and genomics represent two of the most promising fields of cancer research, designed to improve the risk stratification and disease management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Radiomics involves a conversion of imaging derivate quantitative features using manual or automated algorithms, enhancing existing data through mathematical analysis. This could increase the clinical value in PCa management. To extract features from imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the empiric nature of the analysis using machine learning and artificial intelligence could help make the best clinical decisions. Genomics information can be explained or decoded by radiomics. The development of methodologies can create more-efficient predictive models and can better characterize the molecular features of PCa. Additionally, the identification of new imaging biomarkers can overcome the known heterogeneity of PCa, by non-invasive radiological assessment of the whole specific organ. In the future, the validation of recent findings, in large, randomized cohorts of PCa patients, can establish the role of radiogenomics. Briefly, we aimed to review the current literature of highly quantitative and qualitative results from well-designed studies for the diagnoses, treatment, and follow-up of prostate cancer, based on radiomics, genomics and radiogenomics research.

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Active surveillance of prostate cancer in African-Americans during the MRI era.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 108-108

Author(s):

Jonathan Bloom ◽

Samuel Gold ◽

Graham R. Hale ◽

Kareem Rayn ◽

Vladimir Valera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Aggressive Disease ◽

Time Period ◽

Risk Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Of Progression ◽

Low Risk Prostate Cancer ◽

Primary Management

108 Background: Many patients with low-risk prostate cancer are encouraged by their physicians to pursue active surveillance (AS). AS has increasingly been utilized, however there remains anxiety by patients and their physicians that more aggressive disease will be missed and allowed to progress. African-American (AA) patients may present with more aggressive disease and higher rates of upgrading at the time of radical prostatectomy. Due to these factors, physicians may be hesitant to recommend AS to AA patients. We examined the role of AS in these patients in the era of MRI targeted biopsies. Methods: A prospectively maintained database was queried for all patients who underwent an MRI guided fusion biopsy from 2007 to 2016 and chose AS as their primary management strategy. Patents with Gleason Group (GG) 1 or 2 were eligible. Patients were then followed with yearly PSA, exam, MRI and biopsy if warranted. MRI Fusion biopsies were reviewed to determine any GG progression. Results: A total of 19 AA and 143 non-AA patients were reviewed with median follow up times of 31.63 (15.42 -89.50) and 30.87 (3.45 – 99.85) months, respectively. AA and non-AA patients had similar baseline PSA values (6.08 ± 2.93 vs. 5.89 ± 4.23, p = 0.85), proportion of GG 1 (15.89% vs 21.68%, p = 0.55) and PSA density (0.103 ± 0.041 vs. 0.123 ± 0.041, p = 0.36. However, AA patients did present at an earlier age (58.89 ± 6.64 vs. 63.69 ± 6.64, p = 0.004). A total of 8/19 (42.1%) AA and 46/143 (32.2%) non-AA had GG upgrading while on AS, p = 0.34. The median time until progression for AA and non-AA patients was 60.76 and 77.42 months, p = 0.68. Conclusions: In our study, AA men did begin AS at an earlier age than non-AA men. While both groups had statistically similar rates of progression, the relative risk of progression was higher in the AA cohort during this time period. Therefore, in the era of MRI and fusion biopsies we are better able to detect upgrading and somewhat mitigate the the risks associated with upgrading during AS irrespective of race but larger studies are needed to determine whether there are meaningful differences in the rates of progression between AA and non-AA men. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH.

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Identification of MiRNAs as Viable Aggressiveness Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9060646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 646

Author(s):

Luis Javier Martínez-González ◽

Victor Sánchez-Conde ◽

Jose María González-Cabezuelo ◽

Alba Antunez-Rodríguez ◽

Eduardo Andrés-León ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Mirnas Expression ◽

Genome Atlas

MiRNAs play a relevant role in PC (prostate cancer) by the regulation in the expression of several pathways’ AR (androgen receptor), cellular cycle, apoptosis, MET (mesenchymal epithelium transition), or metastasis. Here, we report the role of several miRNAs’ expression patterns, such as miR-miR-93-5p, miR-23c, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-592, miR-141, miR-375, and miR-130b, with relevance in processes like cell proliferation and MET. Using Trizol® extraction protocol and TaqMan™ specific probes for amplification, we performed miRNAs’ analysis of 159 PC fresh tissues and 60 plasmas from peripheral blood samples. We had clinical data from all samples including PSA, Gleason, TNM, and D’Amico risk. Moreover, a bioinformatic analysis in TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) was included to analyze the effect of the most relevant miRNAs according to aggressiveness in an extensive cohort (n = 531). We found that miR-210-3p, miR-23c, miR-592, and miR-93-5p are the most suitable biomarkers for PC aggressiveness and diagnosis, respectively. In fact, according with our results, miR93-5p seems the most promising non-invasive biomarker for PC. To sum up, miR-210-3p, miR-23c, miR-592, and miR93-5p miRNAs are suggested to be potential biomarkers for PC risk stratification that could be included in non-invasive strategies such as liquid biopsy in precision medicine for PC management.

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Active Surveillance in Prostate Cancer: Role of Available Biomarkers in Daily Practice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6266

Author(s):

Belén Pastor-Navarro ◽

José Rubio-Briones ◽

Ángel Borque-Fernando ◽

Luis M. Esteban ◽

Jose Luis Dominguez-Escrig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Controversial Issues ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Clinical Progression ◽

Diagnostic Ability ◽

Urine Biomarkers

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The diagnosis is currently based on PSA levels, which are associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Moreover, most PCas are localized tumours; hence, many patients with low-/very low-risk PCa could benefit from active surveillance (AS) programs instead of more aggressive, active treatments. Heterogeneity within inclusion criteria and follow-up strategies are the main controversial issues that AS presently faces. Many biomarkers are currently under investigation in this setting; however, none has yet demonstrated enough diagnostic ability as an independent predictor of pathological or clinical progression. This work aims to review the currently available literature on tissue, blood and urine biomarkers validated in clinical practice for the management of AS patients.

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