scholarly journals Effects of β-Blockers on the Sympathetic and Cytokines Storms in Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder M. Al-kuraishy ◽  
Ali Ismail Al-Gareeb ◽  
Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab ◽  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Gerald Zirintunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Β Blockers ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Sympathetic Storm ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a causative virus in the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Respiratory manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and sympatho-activation and in severe cases leads to sympathetic storm (SS). On the other hand, an exaggerated immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 invasion may lead to uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokine development of cytokine storm (CS). In Covid-19, there are interactive interactions between CS and SS in the development of multi-organ failure (MOF). Interestingly, cutting the bridge between CS and SS by anti-inflammatory and anti-adrenergic agents may mitigate complications that are induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in severely affected Covid-19 patients. The potential mechanisms of SS in Covid-19 are through different pathways such as hypoxia, which activate the central sympathetic center through carotid bodies chemosensory input and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cross the blood-brain barrier and activation of the sympathetic center. β2-receptors signaling pathway play a crucial role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage activation, and B-cells for the production of antibodies with inflammation exacerbation. β-blockers have anti-inflammatory effects through reduction release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with inhibition of NF-κB. In conclusion, β-blockers interrupt this interaction through inhibition of several mediators of CS and SS with prevention development of neural-cytokine loop in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence from this study triggers an idea for future prospective studies to confirm the potential role of β-blockers in the management of Covid-19.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Flavonoids: Potential Role against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muschietti LV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Systemic Immune Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Transmissible Disease

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread all over the globe and emerged as one of the most threatening transmissible disease. The infection can cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with a systemic immune response and inflammation. Up to now, there is no specific drugs available for its treatment. Flavonoids are important natural polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It has been demonstrated the potential role of these metabolites in the modulation of signaling pathways particularly those related to inflammation and immunity. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids and their effectiveness as possible therapeutic options to fight SARS-COV-2 infection.

miR-3934 suppresses basophil apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines by targeting RAGE in asthma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Han ◽  
Liyan Dou ◽  
Junwei Wang ◽  
Wenyu Wang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background Several miRNAs are now known to have clear connections to the pathogenesis of asthma. The present study focused on the potential role of miR-3934 during asthma development. Results miR-3934 was down-regulated in the basophils of asthmatic patients. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-33 was enhanced in basophils from asthmatic patients, and this effect was partially reversed by transfection of miR-3934 mimics. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that miR-3934 levels can be used to distinguish asthma patients from healthy individuals. miR-3934 partially inhibited advanced glycation end products-induced increases in basophil apoptosis by suppressing expression of RAGE. Conclusion Our results indicate that miR-3934 acts to mitigate the pathogenesis of asthma by targeting RAGE and suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling.

scholarly journals Niacin Ameliorates Neuro-Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease via GPR109A

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banabihari Giri ◽  
Kasey Belanger ◽  
Marissa Seamon ◽  
Eric Bradley ◽  
Sharad Purohit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Precise Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In this study, we used macrophage RAW264.7 cells to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of niacin. Anti-inflammatory actions of niacin and a possible role of its receptor GPR109A have been studied previously. However, the precise molecular mechanism of niacin’s action in reducing inflammation through GPR109A is unknown. Here we observed that niacin reduced the translocation of phosphorylated nuclear kappa B (p-NF-κB) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the nucleus of RAW264.7 cells. The reduction in the nuclear translocation in turn decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. We observed a decrease in the nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines after knockdown of GPR109A in RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that these molecular actions of niacin are mediated via its receptor GPR109A (also known as HCAR2) by controlling the translocation of p-NF-κB to the nucleus. Overall, our findings suggest that niacin treatment may have potential in reducing inflammation by targeting GPR109A.

Role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and possibilities of anti-inflammatory therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol LII (3) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Vorobev ◽  
Andrey Yu. Emelin ◽  
Raisa N. Kuznetsova ◽  
Igor V. Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
T Helpers ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In modern scientific society several alternative hypotheses for the formation of Alzheimers disease are considered, proposed on the basis of data obtained as a result of research. In almost any of them, the development of an immuno-inflammatory response is discussed as one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. It was found that the development of neurodegeneration is accompanied by the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other markers of inflammation in the peripheral blood and brain tissues. At the same time, the obtained results suggest that the main role in pathogenesis may be played by T-helpers of the Th17 population that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In addition, microglia, which is the main immune-presenting component of the central nervous system, and astrocytes, which are capable of excessive production of pro- inflammatory cytokines and regulation of -amyloid clearance, are considered as key components in these reactions. Based on these data, attempts are being made to develop drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect and can positively influence the dynamics of the disease. The initial results obtained in some cases demonstrate a certain positive effect, which suggests that there is a therapeutic potential for this type of therapy.

A potential role of the GRO-α/CXCR2 system in Sjögren’s syndrome: regulatory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines

2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Lisi ◽  
Margherita Sisto ◽  
Dario Domenico Lofrumento ◽  
Massimo D’Amore ◽  
Raffaella Lucro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of premature labor in multiple pregnancy as a result of ART

2016 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
B.M. Ventskivskiy ◽  
◽  
I.V. Poladych ◽  
S.O. Avramenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
System Level ◽  
Premature Labor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In recent years there has been an increase in the frequency of multiple pregnancies and the associated perinatal losses. It is a result of multiple pregnancy in ART refers to a high-risk gestation, at which premature births occur in 2 times more often than in singleton pregnancies. The objective: to determine the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of premature labor in multiple pregnancy, as a result of assisted reproductive technology. Patients and methods. to determine the pro-inflammatory cytokines that all pregnant with bagtopliddyam held immunosorbent assay, defined concentrations of interleukin (IL) in serum and cervical mucus. Results. The analysis of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-8) in the test environment, found high concentrations in the surveyed women with multiple pregnancy, due to the use of ART, compared with spontaneous multiple and singleton pregnancy. Increased concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with multiple pregnancy by ART is associated with their synthesis at the system level, it stimulated foci of inflammation in the female genitals and extragenital localization. This correlates with the clinical data and statistical analysis, patients with multiple pregnancy as a result of ART had weighed infectious-inflammatory history. Conclusion. The study showed that elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the systemic and local level in patients with multiple pregnancy due to ART, typical for women with miscarriage, because of the physiological course of pregnancy characterized by the predominance of anti-inflammatory cytokines that prevent rejection of the fetus as a foreign factor. Based on the data obtained proved the role of systemic inflammatory factors in the genesis of preterm labor in women with a multiple pregnancy, as a result of assisted reproductive technology. Key words: multiple pregnancy, assisted reproductive technology, premature birth, interleukine-1, interleukine-8.

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