Pyroptosis in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit: New Insights Into Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is prevalent among people with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) and remains the leading cause of visual impairment in working-aged people. DR is related to chronic low-level inflammatory reactions. Pyroptosis is an emerging type of inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD), NOD-like receptors and inflammatory caspases that promote interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 release. In addition, the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is the functional basis of the retina. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis may participate in the destruction of retinal NVU cells in simulated hyperglycemic DR environments. In this review, we will clarify the importance of pyroptosis in the retinal NVU during the development of DR.

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Long-term Retinal Changes After Topical Citicoline Administration in Patients With Mild Signs of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04009980 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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A Type III Effector NleF from EHEC Inhibits Epithelial Inflammatory Cell Death by Targeting Caspase-4

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4101745 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ting Song ◽

Kaiwu Li ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

Jing Zhou ◽

Yuan Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

E Coli ◽

Caspase 1 ◽

T3ss Effector ◽

Inflammatory Caspases ◽

Epithelial Cell Death ◽

Host Inflammatory Response

EnterohemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) is a highly pathogenic bacterial strain capable of inducing severe gastrointestinal disease. Here, we show that EHEC uses the T3SS effector NleF to counteract the host inflammatory response by dampening caspase-4-mediated inflammatory epithelial cell death and by preventing the production of IL-1β. The other two inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-5, are not involved in EHEC ΔnleF-induced inflammatory cell death. We found that NleF not only interrupted the heterodimerization of caspase-4-p19 and caspase-4-p10, but also inhibited the interaction of caspase-1 and caspase-4. The last four amino acids of the NleF carboxy terminus are essential in inhibiting caspase-4-dependent inflammatory cell death.

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Study of lipid levels in diabetes mellitus with special reference to diabetic retinopathy

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20183008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 905

Author(s):

Shyam Sundar C. M. ◽

Vaneet Jearth

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Visual Disability ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Lipid Fractions ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a very common, potentially preventable, long term, microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and leading cause of visual disability and blindness. It is considered hallmark of generalized microangiopathy occurring in diabetic patient. The present study was designed to study the lipid levels in patients of diabetes mellitus and further analyse the data with reference to occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.Methods: It was a case control study of 30 cases consisting patients with diabetic retinopathy and 30 controls with diabetes and no diabetic retinopathy. Fasting lipid profile, FBS, PPBS, HbA1C and BMI were measured in all subjects.Results: 34 males (57%) and 26 (43%) females were recruited in the study. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.5±5 yrs. The average HbA1C was 8.2±1.3 in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) group and 7.5±0.9 in patients with no Diabetic Retinopathy (NDR). 21 (70%) patients in DR group had dyslipidaemia, whereas 13 (43.3%) patients in NDR had dyslipidaemia, average cholesterol was 188.30±46.48 mg/dl in patients with DR, 182.50±34.74 mg/dl in patients without DR.Conclusions: Dyslipidaemia was found to be more common in patients having Diabetic Retinopathy than in those without DR and the association was statistically significant. Mean cholesterol levels were found to be higher in cases and mean HDL level was found to be higher in controls but the relationship was not found to be statistically significant. No association was found between other lipid fractions and retinopathy.

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Perbedaan Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Retinopati Diabetik Non-Proliferatif Berat dan Retinopati Diabetik Proliferatif di Poliklinik Vitreoretina Instalasi Rawat Jalan Pusat Mata Nasional Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo Bandung

Jurnal Sehat Masada ◽

10.38037/jsm.v13i2.116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 87-99

Author(s):

Melan Nurhayati ◽

Irma Nur Amalia ◽

Hafsa .

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Eye Health ◽

Regular Control ◽

Chi Square Test

Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is a specific microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that causes visual impairement. Visual impairment that occurs in DR patients can affect the quality of life related to eye health. The latest data about DR patients from National Eye Center (NEC) Cicendo Eye Hospital Bandung was 2035 patients with Severe Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (Severe NPDR) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) are the most happened. The purpose of this study was to determine quality of life differences in patients with severe NPDR and PDR at the Vitreoretina Polyclinic Outpatient Departement NEC Cicendo Eye Hospital Bandung. This Research is a quantitative non-experimental with a comparative descriptive design. The sample was divided into two groups, they are Severe NPDR and PDR group, with 30 respondents each. The instrument that used in this study is the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25). Data analized by Chi Square test. The results showed that no differences in qualityof life in patients with severe NPDR and PDR in the Vitreoretina Polyclinic Outpatient Departement NEC Cicendo Eye Hospital Bandung (p = 1,000). This study illustrates the importance of providing education and encouragement to the patients with Severe NPDR and PDR for regular control about their visual impairment and their diabetes, so the patients will spared from decressing in their quality of life.

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Diabetes

10.1093/med/9780199230457.003.0008 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Diabetic Neuropathy ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Basic Training ◽

Term Management

Chapter 8 covers the basic science and clinical topics relating to the endocrine system which trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training and demonstrate in the MRCP. It covers diabetes mellitus, diabetic emergencies, diabetes-long-term management, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, the diabetic foot, diabetic skin, the diabetic pregnancy, and metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.

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The prevalence of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors: a community-based cross sectional study in peri urban area

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181991 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 2226

Author(s):

Sanjeev K. Gupta ◽

Anshuman Sharma ◽

Sanjay Agarwal ◽

Sanjay Gupta ◽

Shalini Sarouthia

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Health Problem ◽

Low Vision ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Visual impairment i.e. diabetic retinopathy is the one of most common manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Globally it is becoming an increasing public health problem especially in the developing countries because of increase in number of diabetic patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the vicinity of Urban Heath and Training Centre (UHTC), Peoples University, Bhopal over a period of 6 months through screening in camps held, which included a total of 840 participants (aged ≥25 years) by following simple random procedure and in those who had newly diagnosed or long standing diabetes were referred to ophthalmologist for further evaluation. Retinopathy was determined by ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography. Anthropometric measurements (BMI), glycosylated haemoglobin were also evaluated among the confirmed diabetic patients in the study.Results: An increased prevalence of diabetes (5.95%) and retinopathy (28%) (95% CI 11.2-32.0) was found. In all age groups prevalence of bilateral blindness, bilateral low vision, unilateral blindness and unilateral low vision were respectively 2%, 28%, 0%, 70%. Independent risk indicators for the occurrence of diabetes such as age, BMI, HbA1c, were found significant for the occurrence of retinopathy in the study population.Conclusions: Visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy remains an important public health problem in people with diabetes so timely interventions are required to resolve this major issue.

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