The Role of Heterotrophic Bacteria and Archaea in the Transformation of Lignin in the Open Ocean

Abstract. It has been univocally shown that iron (Fe) is the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton metabolism in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters, yet the question of how this trace metal affects heterotrophic microbial activity is far less understood. We investigated the role of Fe for bacterial heterotrophic production and growth at three contrasting sites in the naturally Fe-fertilized region east of the Kerguelen Islands and at one site in HNLC waters during the KEOPS2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau Compared Study 2) cruise in spring 2011. We performed dark incubations of natural microbial communities amended either with iron (Fe, as FeCl3) or carbon (C, as trace-metal clean glucose), or a combination of both, and followed bacterial abundance and heterotrophic production for up to 7 days. Our results show that single and combined additions of Fe and C stimulated bulk and cell-specific bacterial production at the Fe-fertilized sites, while in HNLC waters only combined additions resulted in significant increases in these parameters. Bacterial abundance was enhanced in two out of the three experiments performed in Fe-fertilized waters but did not respond to Fe or C additions in HNLC waters. Our results provide evidence that both Fe and C are present at limiting concentrations for bacterial heterotrophic activity in the naturally fertilized region off the Kerguelen Islands in spring, while bacteria were co-limited by these elements in HNLC waters. These results shed new light on the role of Fe in bacterial heterotrophic metabolism in regions of the Southern Ocean that receive variable Fe inputs.

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The role of continental shelves in nitrogen and carbon cycling

Ocean Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/osd-7-177-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 177-205

Author(s):

K. Fennel

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Open Ocean ◽

Biogeochemical Models ◽

Inorganic Matter ◽

Continental Shelves ◽

Shelf Region ◽

Transformation Processes

Abstract. Continental shelves play a key role in the cycling of nitrogen and carbon. Here the physical transport and biogeochemical transformation processes affecting the fluxes into and out of continental shelf systems are reviewed, and their role in the global cycling of both elements is discussed. Uncertainties in observation-based estimates of nitrogen and carbon fluxes mostly result from uncertainties in the shelf-open ocean exchange of organic and inorganic matter, which is hard to quantify based on observations alone, but can be inferred from biogeochemical models. Model-based nitrogen and carbon budgets are presented for the Northwestern North Atlantic continental shelf. Results indicate that shelves are an important sink for fixed nitrogen and a source of alkalinity, but are not much more efficient in exporting organic carbon to the deep ocean than the adjacent open ocean for the shelf region considered.

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PENGARUH KERAPATAN LAMUN Thalassia hemprichii TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI HETEROTROF DI PANTAI PRAWEAN, JEPARA

Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) ◽

10.14710/marj.v7i4.22664 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 415-422

Author(s):

Isnaini Dian Yunita ◽

Niniek Widyorini ◽

Supriharyono Supriharyono

Keyword(s):

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Nutrient Cycle ◽

Thalassia Hemprichii ◽

Enhalus Acoroides ◽

Seagrass Ecosystem ◽

Halodule Uninervis ◽

Cymodocea Rotundata ◽

Economic Function ◽

Seagrass Density

Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem yang memiliki kompleksitas dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Padang lamun merupakan hamparan vegetasi lamun yang menutupi suatu kawasan pesisir. Selain memiliki fungsi ekonomi, lamun juga memiliki fungsi ekologis yakni berperan penting sebagai pendaur zat hara oleh mikroorganime yaitu bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan lamun, kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof yang berasosiasi dengan lamun serta pengaruh kerapatan lamun dengan kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof di Pantai Prawean, Jepara. Metode yang digunakan yakni deskriptif eksplanatif dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive dan dianalisis dengan IBM SPSS Statistic 22. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan di Pantai Prawean ada 5 (lima): Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis dan Halodule pinifolia. Kerapatan tertinggi didapat dari jenis Thalassia hemprichii sebesar 78 Ind/m2 dan terendah adalah Enhalus acoroides 10 Ind/m2 dan kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof tertinggi diperoleh dari tingkat kerapatan rapat di stasiun 3 yakni 29,4x108 Upk/ml dan kelimpahan terendah diperoleh dari tingkat kerapatan jarang di stasiun 2 yakni 3,3x108 Upk/ml. Korelasi antara kerapatan lamun dengan kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof tinggi atau kuat yakni 0,896 dan korelasi ini dinyatakan sangat signifikan terbukti nilai sig. 0,001 dengan tingkat kesalahan 0,1%. Artinya bertambahnya kerapatan lamun dapat meningkatkan pula kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof. Seagrass ecosystem is one ecosytems that has high complexity and biodiversity. Seagrass beds are a stretch of seagrass vegetation that covers a coastal area. Beside its economic function, seagrass also have ecological function that play an important role of nutrient cycle for microorganism its bacteria. This study aims to determine the density of seagrass, the abundance of heterothropic bacteria and influence of seagrass density with abundance of heterotrophic bacteria at Prawean beach, Jepara. The method used in this study is descriptive explanative with purposive sampling and the data analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistic 22. There are 5 (five) species of seagrass that can be found in Prawean beach: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis and Halodule pinifolia. The highest density obtained from Thalassia hemprichii species is 78 sprouts of seagrass/m2 and the lowest density obtained from Enhalus acoroides is 10 obtained from seagrass density at station 3 its value 29,4x108Cfu/ml and the lowest abundance of heterotrophic bacteria was obtained from rare seagrass at station 2 its value 3,3x108Cfu/ml. The corelation between seagrass density with abundance heterotrophic bacteria is high or strong that has value 0,846 and this correlation is very significantly proven has sig value 0,001 with error rate 0,1%, it can be conclude that increase of seagrass density can also increase the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria.

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Sea Level and the Role of Coastal Trapped Waves in Mediating the Influence of the Open Ocean on the Coast

Surveys in Geophysics ◽

10.1007/s10712-019-09535-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1467-1492 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chris W. Hughes ◽

Ichiro Fukumori ◽

Stephen M. Griffies ◽

John M. Huthnance ◽

Shoshiro Minobe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Open Ocean ◽

Trapped Waves ◽

Coastal Trapped Waves

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Planktonic and Benthic Bacteriovorous Protozoa at Eleven Stations in Puget Sound and Adjacent Pacific Ocean

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f69-030 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Bruce Lighthart

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Water Column ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Puget Sound ◽

Ecological Role ◽

Population Densities ◽

Sediment Samples

Bacteriovorous Protozoa and heterotrophic bacteria quantitatively cultured from 31 samples collected at eight stations in Puget Sound and three in the adjacent Pacific Ocean (one station being 1520 m deep) ranges from undetectable to approximately 1000 Protozoa per ml and 5–80,000 bacteria/ml. Flagellates in the genera Bodo, Oikomonas, Monas, Rynchomonas, and Actinomonas were the most prevalent forms cultured. One ciliate and several sarcodinoids were also grown. The regression of predatory Protozoa on prey bacteria in sediment samples was calculated to be 580 bacteria for every bacteriovorous protozoan. Population densities of both bacteriovorous Protozoa and heterotrophic bacteria in the samples decreased from sediment to the water column, and from shore seaward. The ecological role of bacteriovorous Protozoa in the shallow and deep sea is discussed.

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The role of continental shelves in nitrogen and carbon cycling: Northwestern North Atlantic case study

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-6-539-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 539-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

K. Fennel

Keyword(s):

Continental Shelf ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Open Ocean ◽

Biogeochemical Models ◽

Inorganic Matter ◽

Continental Shelves ◽

Shelf Region

Abstract. Continental shelves play a key role in the cycling of nitrogen and carbon. Here the physical transport and biogeochemical transformation processes affecting the fluxes into and out of continental shelf systems are reviewed, and their role in the global cycling of both elements is discussed. Uncertainties in the magnitude of organic and inorganic matter exchange between shelves and the open ocean is a major source of uncertainty in observation-based estimates of nitrogen and carbon fluxes. The shelf-open ocean exchange is hard to quantify based on observations alone, but can be inferred from biogeochemical models. Model-based nitrogen and carbon budgets are presented for the Northwestern North Atlantic continental shelf. Results indicate that shelves are an important sink for fixed nitrogen and a source of alkalinity, but are not much more efficient in exporting organic carbon to the deep ocean than the adjacent open ocean for the shelf region considered.

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Geomicrobial Investigations of Colored Outer Coatings from an Ethiopian Rock Art Gallery

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10060536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 536 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying-Li Wu ◽

Federica Villa ◽

Gianmarco Mugnai ◽

Marina Gallinaro ◽

Enza Elena Spinapolice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Art Gallery ◽

Redox Cycles ◽

Microbiological Characteristics ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Elemental Analyses ◽

Mineral Coatings ◽

Metal Redox

The open rock shelter of Yabelo in Ethiopia hosts diverse Holocene paintings of great cultural importance. The paintings are characterized by the presence of different mineral coatings, whose features have not been studied yet. Our goal was to understand whether different rock samples from the Yabelo paintings collected in close proximity may reveal coatings with different minerology and biology. Thus, elemental analyses combined with microscopic and molecular investigations were performed on two coatings, one whitish (sample 1) and one reddish (sample 2). Although both samples were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria, the two coatings showed distinct mineralogical and microbiological characteristics. Sample 1 contained higher amounts of Ca and P than sample 2, which was likely related to the presence of organic matter. Sample 1 hosted bacterial genera that are potentially involved in biomineralization processes, metal redox cycles and metal resistance. In contrast, sample 2 showed mainly pathogenic and commensal bacteria that are characteristic of animal and human microbiota, and other microorganisms that are involved in nitrogen and metal biogeochemical cycles. Overall, our results indicated that the bacterial communities were particular to the coating mineralogy, suggesting a potential role of the biological components in the crust genesis.

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The catalytic role of planktonic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in protodolomite formation: Results from Lake Jibuhulangtu Nuur, Inner Mongolia, China

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.gca.2019.07.056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. 31-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Deng Liu ◽

Na Yu ◽

Dominic Papineau ◽

Qigao Fan ◽

Hongmei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inner Mongolia ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Catalytic Role

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Feces from Piscivorous and Herbivorous Birds Stimulate Differentially Phytoplankton Growth

Water ◽

10.3390/w11122567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2567 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jolita Petkuviene ◽

Diana Vaiciute ◽

Marija Katarzyte ◽

Iveta Gecaite ◽

Giorgio Rossato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Major Effect ◽

Phytoplankton Growth ◽

Curonian Lagoon ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Direct Role ◽

Algal Groups ◽

Reactive Phosphorus

Aquatic birds may impact shallow ecosystems via organic and nutrient enrichment with feces. Such input may alleviate nutrient limitation, unbalance their ecological stoichiometry, and stimulate primary production. Herbivorous and piscivorous birds may produce different effects on aquatic ecosystems due to different physiology, diet and feces elemental composition. We analyze the effects of droppings from swans (herbivorous) and cormorants (piscivorous) on phytoplankton growth via a laboratory experiment. These birds are well represented in the Curonian Lagoon, where they form large colonies. As this lagoon displays summer algal hyper-blooms, we hypothesize an active, direct role of birds via defecation on algal growth. Short-term incubations of phytoplankton under low and high feces addition produces different stimulation of algal growth, significantly higher with high inputs of cormorant feces. The latter produces a major effect on reactive phosphorus concentration that augments significantly, as compared to treatments with swan feces, and determines an unbalanced, N-limited stoichiometry along with the duration of the experiment. During the incubation period, the dominant algal groups switch from blue-green to green algae, but such switch is independent of the level of feces input and from their origin. Heterotrophic bacteria also are stimulated by feces addition, but their increase is transient.

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