scholarly journals Measurements and Spatial Distribution Simulation of Impact Pile Driving Underwater Noise Generated During the Construction of Offshore Wind Power Plant Off the Southwest Coast of Korea

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Gyun Han ◽  
Jee Woong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Southwest Coast ◽  
Sound Exposure

Offshore wind power plants are under construction worldwide, and concerns about the adverse effects of underwater noise generated during their construction on the marine environment are increasing. As part of an environmental impact assessment, underwater noise generated by impact pile driving was measured during the construction of an offshore wind farm off the southwest coast of Korea. The sound exposure levels of impact pile driving noise were estimated as a function of distance and compared with those predicted by a damped cylindrical spreading model and broadband parabolic equation simulation. Source level at 1 m was estimated to be in a range of 183–184 dB re 1μPa2s in the sound exposure level based on the model predictions and it tended to decrease by 21log⁡r as the distance increased. Finally, the spatial distribution of impact pile driving noise was predicted. This result, if combined with noise-induced damage thresholds for marine life, may be used to assess the effects of wind farm construction on marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Miniaturization of an Offshore Platform with Medium-Frequency Offshore Wind Farm and MMC-HVDC Technology

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Zheren Zhang ◽  
Yingjie Tang ◽  
Zheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Platform ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
System Frequency

Offshore wind power has great development potential, for which the key factors are reliable and economical wind farms and integration systems. This paper proposes a medium-frequency wind farm and MMC-HVDC integration system. In the proposed scheme, the operating frequency of the offshore wind farm and its power collection system is increased from the conventional 50/60 Hz rate to the medium-frequency range, i.e., 100–400 Hz; the offshore wind power is transmitted to the onshore grid via the modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission (MMC-HVDC). First, this paper explains the principles of the proposed scheme in terms of the system topology and control strategy aspects. Then, the impacts of increasing the offshore system operating frequency on the main parameters of the offshore station are discussed. As the frequency increases, it is shown that the actual value of the electrical equipment, such as the transformers, the arm inductors, and the SM capacitors of the rectifier MMC, can be reduced, which means smaller platforms are required for the step-up transformer station and the converter station. Then, the system operation characteristics are analyzed, with the results showing that the power losses in the system increase slightly with the increase of the offshore AC system frequency. Based on time domain simulation results from power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC), it is noted that the dynamic behavior of the system is not significantly affected with the increase of the offshore AC system frequency in most scenarios. In this way, the technical feasibility of the proposed offshore platform miniaturization technology is proven.

scholarly journals A Diode-MMC AC/DC Hub for Connecting Offshore Wind Farm and Offshore Production Platform

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3759
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Lie Xu ◽  
Guangchen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
System Control ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
In Series ◽  
Dc Voltage Control

A diode rectifier-modular multilevel converter AC/DC hub (DR-MMC Hub) is proposed to integrate offshore wind power to the onshore DC network and offshore production platforms (e.g., oil/gas and hydrogen production plants) with different DC voltage levels. The DR and MMCs are connected in parallel at the offshore AC collection network to integrate offshore wind power, and in series at the DC terminals of the offshore production platform and the onshore DC network. Compared with conventional parallel-connected DR-MMC HVDC systems, the proposed DR-MMC hub reduces the required MMC converter rating, leading to lower investment cost and power loss. System control of the DR-MMC AC/DC hub is designed based on the operation requirements of the offshore production platform, considering different control modes (power control or DC voltage control). System behaviors and requirements during AC and DC faults are investigated, and hybrid MMCs with half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules (HBSMs and FBSMs) are used for safe operation during DC faults. Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC validate the operation of the DR-MMC hub.

Research of Offshore Wind Power Generation Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
Yi Ni Guo ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Ye Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Power Base ◽  
Power Generation Technology ◽  
Train Of Thought ◽  
Generation Technology

Offshore wind farm development direction is from shallow sea to sea . In this paper, according to the current on the wind power base also can not meet the requirements of the problem deep, analysed the base cost will not be particularly high reason. In view of the Hainan offshore wind power, put forward the design train of thought, the analysis obtained an ideal design model.

Evaluation of an Offshore Floating Wind Power Project on the Galician Coast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Díaz ◽  
José Miguel Rodrigues ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Technology ◽  
Galician Coast ◽  
In Series ◽  
Floating Platforms ◽  
Power Project

This paper aims to make a contribution to assessing the viability of offshore wind power projects on the Galician coast. Several of the factors involved in these projects are studied, such as site selection and employed technologies regarding turbine and floating foundations. Estimated costs ‘ analysis and financial evaluation are performed for a chosen solution. Based on the conducted study, an offshore wind farm in Galicia may become valid in a prospect of an electricity tariff to the producer in line with other European countries. Furthermore, an expected decrease of costs of floating platforms once produced in series and of offshore technology as a whole, in addition to incentives, would make the investment much more attractive.

Structural Control Issues in New Generation Offshore Wind Energy Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Su Luo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
New Generation

A new constructive solution for the offshore wind power generation is to use floating wind turbines. An offshore wind farm situated sufficiently far away from the coast can generate more wind power and will have a longer operation life since the wind is stronger and more consistent than that on or near the coast. One of the main challenges is to reduce the fatigue of a floating wind turbine so as to guarantee its proper functioning under the constraints imposed by the floating support platforms. This paper will discuss the structural control issues related to the mitigation of dynamic wind and wave loads on the floating wind turbines so as to enhance the offshore wind power generation.

Underwater Noise Simulation of Impact Pile Driving for Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950009
Author(s):  
Yin-Ying Fang ◽  
Ping-Jung Sung ◽  
Wei-Chun Hu ◽  
Chi-Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Radial Deformation ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm

The radiated acoustic waves from impact pile driving produce high noise level into the water which may cause damage to marine mammals living close to the offshore construction location. In this paper, a linear, axisymmetric finite element (FE) model is applied to predict pile driving noise in the water. Measurement from bottom-mounted hydrophone deployed at a site 230 m from the source is used to validate the model results. The comparisons between model results and measurement, such as structure modal analysis, sound exposure level at different pile penetration and unweighted one-third octave band level, are presented and show useful predictions of noise level from the model. Furthermore, a time domain case is demonstrated to show Mach wave associated with the radial deformation of the pile and supersonic speed. Finally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression are made after verifying the model prediction. The ANOVA results identifies some significant parameters on pile driving noise and the empirical equation from linear regression represents the noise level from pile driving impact at close range. These are possible metrics on offshore wind farm environment assessment in Taiwan.

Offshore Wind Turbines Operation and Maintenance in China: A Case Study of Donghai Bridge Offshore Wind Farm

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1871-1874
Author(s):  
Yuan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Steady Stage ◽  
Power Project

China has great potential in offshore wind energy and makes an ambitious target for offshore wind power development. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind turbines become more and more important for China wind industry. This study introduces the current offshore wind power projects in China. Donghai Bridge Offshore Demonstration Wind Farm (Donghai Bridge Project) is the first commercial offshore wind power project in China, which was connected to grid in June 2010. O&M of Donghai Bridge Project represent the state-of-the-art of China offshore O&M. During the past two and half years, O&M of Donghai Bridge Project has gone through three phases and stepped into a steady stage. Its believed that analysis of O&M of Donghai Bridge Project is very helpful for Chinas offshore wind power in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Spatial Suitability of Offshore Wind Farm—A Case Study of the Sea Area of Liaoning Province

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Xiaolu Huang ◽  
Nanqi Song ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Dan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Fuzzy Membership Function ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Power Development

Actively promoting the development of offshore wind power is an inevitable choice if the People’s Republic of China plans to fulfill its international commitments, respond to climate change, ensure energy security, and improve energy infrastructure. Inevitably, offshore wind power development will conflict with other marine activities, including mariculture and shipping. Therefore, learning how to develop offshore wind power without affecting the environment or conflicting with other marine activities is crucial to the conservation of spatial marine resources. The rapid development of offshore wind power in Liaoning Province has allowed researchers to develop an index system that can be used to evaluate the suitability of offshore wind power development sites by considering costs, environmental protection, and sea management. Spatial analysis and a multi-attribute evaluation method integrating a fuzzy membership function were used to evaluate offshore wind farm placement in Liaoning. The results classified 5%, 18%, 21%, and 56% offshore areas of Liaoning as very suitable, relatively suitable, somewhat unsuitable, and unsuitable for wind power development, respectively. The results of this paper can provide a reference for decision makers who plan for offshore wind farm locations under the constraints of high-intensity development.

scholarly journals Global Growth in Offshore Wind Turbine Technology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bilgili ◽  
Hakan Alphan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Global Growth

Abstract Due to the commissioning of floating wind units, the latest technological developments, significant growth, and improvements in turbines, developments in offshore wind power capacity are estimated to increase faster than in the last two decades. The total installed offshore wind power capacity, which is currently 35 GW, is predicted to be approximately 382 GW by 2030 and approximately 2,002 GW by 2050. For this reason, attempts are proposed to lower levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) for offshore wind power generation more than for other energy sources. In this study firstly, the global growth in the nominal capacity and size of offshore wind turbines over the last twenty years is examined. Then, the effects of this increase in nominal capacity and size on the LOCE, total installation cost (TIC), and turbine capacity factor are investigated. In parallel with this development, the changes in distance to shore and water depth for installation offshore wind power plants are reviewed according to the years. In addition, the effects of this global growth on wind farm capacity, turbine-specific power capacity, number of turbines per GW, and area needed per GW are investigated and discussed in detail.

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