scholarly journals Insights Into the Environmental Impact on Genetic Structure and Larval Dispersal of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Chen ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Qiucui Yao ◽  
Zhiheng Liao ◽  
Zhenjun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Convergence Region ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster spp.) play a major role in coral reef degradation in the Indo-Pacific region. However, the impacts of environmental factors on the phylogenetic and genetic characteristics of COTS in the northern Indo-Pacific convergence region remains unclear. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers to analyze the phylogenetic relationship, demographic history, genetic diversity and genetic structure of COTS in the South China Sea (SCS) and explored the impact of environmental factors on historical population expansion, genetic differentiation and larval dispersal. There was a clear signature of a population expansion in the SCS using the mtDNA marker. According to microsatellite loci analysis, COTS have high genetic diversity in the SCS. STRUCTURE analysis indicated that COTS in the Pacific Ocean can be divided into four subgroups: the SCS, Western Pacific, Pacific equatorial current affected zone, and Pacific insular atolls populations in the Pacific Ocean. Fst-statistical analysis revealed positive correlations between the Fst values and geographic isolation for all sampling sites. Additionally, there were no clear associations between the Fst values and chlorophyll a concentrations among coral reefs in the SCS; however, there were significant positive associations between the Fst values and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations within small geographic distances. These results suggest that COTS underwent historical population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum, possibly followed by coral population expansion. The genetic structure of COTS populations may have been shaped by distinct nutrient concentrations, particularly those of POC, over small geographic distances. Moreover, ocean currents provide a potential dispersal mechanism for COTS larvae in the SCS. This study demonstrates that environmental and oceanographic factors play important roles in shaping the genetic characteristics and larval dispersal of COTS populations in the northern Indo-Pacific convergence region.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the Crown-of-Thorns seastar in the Pacific Ocean, with focus on Guam

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tusso ◽  
Kerstin Morcinek ◽  
Catherine Vogler ◽  
Peter J Schupp ◽  
Ciemon F Caballes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Western Pacific

Population outbreaks of the corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS), Acanthaster ‘planci’ L., are among the most important biological disturbances of tropical coral reefs. Over the past 50 years, several devastating outbreaks have been documented around Guam, an island in the western Pacific Ocean. Previous analyses have shown that in the Pacific Ocean, COTS larval dispersal may be geographically restricted to certain regions. Here, we assess the genetic structure of Pacific COTS populations and compared samples from around Guam with a number of distant localities in the Pacific Ocean, and focused on determining the degree of genetic structure among populations previously considered to be isolated. Using microsatellites, we document substantial genetic structure between 14 localities from different geographical regions in the Pacific Ocean. Populations from the 14 locations sampled were found to be structured in three significantly differentiated groups: (1) all locations immediately around Guam, as well as Kingman Reef and Swains Island; (2) Japan, Philippines, GBR and Vanuatu; and (3) Johnston Atoll, which was significantly different from all other localities. The most stark divergence of these groupings from previous studies is the lack of genetic differentiation between Guam and extremely distant populations from Kingman Reef and Swains Island. These findings suggest potential long-range dispersal of COTS in the Pacific, and highlight the importance of ecological determinants in shaping genetic structure.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the Crown-of-Thorns seastar in the Pacific Ocean, with focus on Guam

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tusso ◽  
Kerstin Morcinek ◽  
Catherine Vogler ◽  
Peter J Schupp ◽  
Ciemon F Caballes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tropical Coral ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Western Pacific

Population outbreaks of the corallivorous crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS), Acanthaster ‘planci’ L., are among the most important biological disturbances of tropical coral reefs. Over the past 50 years, several devastating outbreaks have been documented around Guam, an island in the western Pacific Ocean. Previous analyses have shown that in the Pacific Ocean, COTS larval dispersal may be geographically restricted to certain regions. Here, we assess the genetic structure of Pacific COTS populations and compared samples from around Guam with a number of distant localities in the Pacific Ocean, and focused on determining the degree of genetic structure among populations previously considered to be isolated. Using microsatellites, we document substantial genetic structure between 14 localities from different geographical regions in the Pacific Ocean. Populations from the 14 locations sampled were found to be structured in three significantly differentiated groups: (1) all locations immediately around Guam, as well as Kingman Reef and Swains Island; (2) Japan, Philippines, GBR and Vanuatu; and (3) Johnston Atoll, which was significantly different from all other localities. The most stark divergence of these groupings from previous studies is the lack of genetic differentiation between Guam and extremely distant populations from Kingman Reef and Swains Island. These findings suggest potential long-range dispersal of COTS in the Pacific, and highlight the importance of ecological determinants in shaping genetic structure.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and kinship relationships in one of the largest South American fur seal ( Arctocephalus australis ) populations of the Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Gutiérrez ◽  
Mauricio Seguel ◽  
Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo ◽  
Gerardo Acosta‐Jamett ◽  
Claudio Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
South American ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals Oceanographic features and limited dispersal shape the population genetic structure of the vase sponge Ircinia campana in the Greater Caribbean

Heredity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Griffiths ◽  
Mark J. Butler ◽  
Donald C. Behringer ◽  
Thierry Pérez ◽  
Richard F. Preziosi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Mass Mortalities

AbstractUnderstanding population genetic structure can help us to infer dispersal patterns, predict population resilience and design effective management strategies. For sessile species with limited dispersal, this is especially pertinent because genetic diversity and connectivity are key aspects of their resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we describe the population structure of Ircinia campana, a common Caribbean sponge subject to mass mortalities and disease. Microsatellites were used to genotype 440 individuals from 19 sites throughout the Greater Caribbean. We found strong genetic structure across the region, and significant isolation by distance across the Lesser Antilles, highlighting the influence of limited larval dispersal. We also observed spatial genetic structure patterns congruent with oceanography. This includes evidence of connectivity between sponges in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of the United States (>700 km away) where the oceanographic environment is dominated by the strong Florida Current. Conversely, the population in southern Belize was strongly differentiated from all other sites, consistent with the presence of dispersal-limiting oceanographic features, including the Gulf of Honduras gyre. At smaller spatial scales (<100 km), sites showed heterogeneous patterns of low-level but significant genetic differentiation (chaotic genetic patchiness), indicative of temporal variability in recruitment or local selective pressures. Genetic diversity was similar across sites, but there was evidence of a genetic bottleneck at one site in Florida where past mass mortalities have occurred. These findings underscore the relationship between regional oceanography and weak larval dispersal in explaining population genetic patterns, and could inform conservation management of the species.

scholarly journals The state of mental health in the Philippines

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udgardo Juan L. Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The Philippines, known as the Pearl of the Orient, is an archipelago of 7107 islands, bounded on the west by the South China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Sulu and Celebes Sea, and on the north by the Bashi Channel. The northernmost islands are about 240 km south of Taiwan and the southernmost islands approximately 24 km from Borneo. The country has a total land area of some 300 000 km2. It is divided into three geographical areas: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. It has 17 regions, 79 provinces, 115 cities, 1495 municipalities and 41 956 barangays (the smallest geographic and political unit). It has over 100 ethnic groups and a myriad of foreign influences (including Malay, Chinese, Spanish and American).

scholarly journals Genetic characteristics of yellow seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Teleostei: Sparidae) after stock enhancement in southeastern China coastal waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puqing Song ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Zizi Cai ◽  
Shigang Liu ◽  
Jiali Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beibu Gulf ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Nucleotide Mismatch ◽  
Baseline Information

Yellowfin seabream is an important economic fish that is widely distributed in the East and South China seas. Many attempts to enhance stocks of yellowfin seabream have occurred in China, but a lack of genetic information for this species after stock release represents an obstacle to its management and conservation. To provide scientific guidance for sustainable germplasm resource development, we sequence the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) of 123 yellowfin seabream from 6 sample populations (Xiamen, Dongshan I, Dongshan II, Yangjiang, Fangchenggang, and Beibu Gulf). Populations of both wild and cultured yellowfin seabream have high genetic diversity, which we relate to their breeding habits and growth rate. A neighbor-joining tree of CR haplotypes reveals no specific phylogenetic structure corresponding to location of fish capture. Both neutral test and nucleotide mismatch distribution analyses suggest that yellowfin seabream have experienced population expansion events. Pleistocene glacial periods and recent stock releases have played important roles in the formation of present-day phylogeographical patterns. Our study provides baseline information which will assist future research on genetic structure, genetic diversity, and historical demography of yellowfin seabream after stock release in southeast China coastal waters. The use of exotic seeds should be avoided in stock breeding and release, and relevant follow-up surveys and genetic monitoring should be undertaken to clarify the genetic impact of exotic seed use on wild populations.

scholarly journals After Habitat Changed, Evaluation For Genetic Diversity And Secondary Metabolic Changes of Cultivated And Wild Populations of Medicinal Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Li ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Xianghua Zuo ◽  
Biao Ni ◽  
Jian You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Soil Environmental Factors

Abstract Background: With the increasing use of traditional herbal medicine, the issue of the genetic diversity of medicinal plants has received considerable critical attention. A high degree of genetic diversity is the basis for maintaining the stability and long-term survival of the population, so the changes in genetic diversity and genetic structure of cultivated medicinal plants caused by habitat changes can not be ignored; Meanwhile, the difference of secondary metabolism of medicinal plants caused by habitat change is also deserving of attention simultaneously. And It is also worth pondering whether the changes between them are consistent. Results: In this study, the wild and cultivated populations of Polygonatum odoratum, Dioscorea nipponica and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus were selected as the research objects. and the genetic structure and HPLC fingerprint between wild and cultivated populations were compared and analyzed by using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) marker and HPLC . The results demonstrated that the wild and cultivated populations of the three medicinal plants maintained higher genetic diversity, however, the genetic structure of wild populations of P.odoratum and D.nipponica is more similar. In addition, there was a great genetic differentiation between P.odoratum and D.nipponica populations. There were significant differences in HPLC fingerprints among different populations, in which the secondary metabolites of wild populations were more complex, nevertheless, there was less difference in HPLC fingerprints between wild and cultivated populations of P.odoratum and D.nipponica. Spearman correlation analysis implied that environmental factors (including soil environmental factors, rainfall, temperature) had significant effects on the secondary metabolites of the three medicinal plants, whereas, soil environmental factors had less effect on the genetic structure of the three medicinal plants. Conclusion: In conclusion, during the cultivation years, environmental factors only have a significant effect on the secondary metabolism of the three medicinal plants, their populations still maintain higher genetic diversity and stable genetic structure, what’s more, the secondary metabolites of the same medicinal plants with stable and similar genetic structure may still be different from each other when the habitat is changed. It indicated that there is no obvious consistency between them during the cultivation years.

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