scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Intervention on Peripheral Skeletal Muscle in Stable Patients With COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijun Li ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Yingqi Wang ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Xiaodan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Training Modalities

Objectives: Peripheral skeletal muscle dysfunction is an important extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that can be counteracted by exercise training. This study aimed to review the effect of three major exercise training modalities, which are used in pulmonary rehabilitation to improve on skeletal muscle mass, function, and exercise capacity in COPD.Methods: PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and the PEDro database were searched on April 25, 2020. Only randomized controlled studies published in English evaluating the effects of exercise interventions on peripheral skeletal muscle mass, strength, and exercise capacity in stable COPD patients were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The mean difference (MD) or the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI was calculated to summarize the results. Subgroup meta-analysis was used to investigate the effects of different exercise training modalities and different outcome measures. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines were used to rate evidence quality.Results: A total of 30 randomized controlled trials involving 1,317 participants were included. Data from trials investigating endurance exercise (EE), resistance exercise (RE), and combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE) were pooled into a meta-analysis, and the differences compared with the non-exercising COPD control were improvement in the muscle strength and exercise capacity in stable COPD patients. Subgroup meta-analysis for different exercise training modalities showed that RE significantly improved muscle strength (SMD = 0.6, 95% CI 0.35–0.84, I2 = 61%), EE and CE significantly increased VO2peak (EE: MD = 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.91, I2 = 92%; CE: MD = 1.66, 95% CI 0.22–3.1, I2 = 1%). Subgroup meta-analysis for different outcome measures showed that only isotonic strength was improved after exercise interventions (SMD = 0.89, 95% CI 0.51–1.26, I2 = 71%).Conclusion: Moderate evidence supports that exercise training in stable COPD patients has meaningful and beneficial effects on peripheral skeletal muscle strength and exercise capacity. Peripheral skeletal muscle shows a higher response to RE, and the isotonic test is relatively sensitive in reflecting muscle strength changes. The proportion of aerobic and resistance exercise components in a combined exercise program still needs exploration.Systematic Review Registration: The review was registered with the PROSPERO: (The website is https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, and the ID is CRD42020164868).

scholarly journals Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linqian Lu ◽  
Lin Mao ◽  
Yuwei Feng ◽  
Barbara E. Ainsworth ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Older People ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effects of different exercise modes (resistance training [RT], whole body vibration training [WBVT], and mixed training [MT, resistance training combined with other exercises such as balance, endurance and aerobic training]) on muscle strength (knee extension strength [KES]) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go [TUG], gait speed [GS] and the Chair Stand [CS]) in older people with sarcopenia. Method All studies published from January 2010 to March 2021 on the effects of exercise training in older people with sarcopenia were retrieved from 6 electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled analyses for pre- and post- outcome measurements were performed using Review Manager 5.4 with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and fixed-effect models. Result Twenty-six studies (25 randomized controlled trails [RCTs] and one non-randomized controlled trail) were included in this study with 1191 older people with sarcopenia (mean age 60.6 ± 2.3 to 89.5 ± 4.4). Compared with a control group, RT and MT significantly improved KES (RT, SMD = 1.36, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.71 to 2.02, p < 0.0001, I2 = 72%; MT, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.95, p = 0.0002, I2 = 56%) and GS (RT, SMD = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.97, p < 0.0001, I2 = 84%; MT, SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.09, p = 0.008, I2 = 81%). WBVT showed no changes in KES (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: − 0.02 to 1.31, p = 0.06, I2 = 80%) or GS (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: − 0.15 to 0.39, p = 0.38, I2 = 0%). TUG times were significantly improved with all exercise training modes (SMD = -0.66, 95% CI: − 0.94 to − 0.38, p < 0.00001, I2 = 60%). There were no changes in CS times with any of the exercise training modes (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI: − 0.36 to 0.57, p = 0.65, I2 = 87%). Conclusions In older people with sarcopenia, KES and GS can be improved by RT and MT, but not by WBVT. All three training modes improved TUG times, but not improved CS times.

scholarly journals Association between physical exercise interventions and functional capacity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinéia Orsolin Pfeifer ◽  
Angélica Trevisan De Nardi ◽  
Larissa Xavier Neves da Silva ◽  
Cíntia Ehlers Botton ◽  
Daniela Meirelles do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases with age and people with type 2 diabetes are more affected by reductions in functional performance. Although exercise interventions are recommended for people with diabetes, it is relevant to assess the effects of different training modes on the available functional outcomes. Objective: To summarize the effects of distinct modes of exercise training in comparison to non-exercise on the functional capacity of adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized (RCT) and non-randomized (NRS) controlled trials was conducted. Seven databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Eligible studies should last 8 weeks or longer, comparing structured exercise training and non-exercise control for one out of six pre-specified functional capacity outcomes (Timed Up and Go test, chair stands, walking performance, upper limb muscle strength, lower limb muscle strength, physical fitness parameter), in patients with type 2 diabetes, aged ≥45 years or older. The risk of biases was assessed with the Checklist Downs & Black. Pooled mean differences were calculated using a random-effects model, followed by sensitivity and meta-regression analyses. Results: Of 17165 references retrieved, 29 trials (1557 patients) were included. Among these, 13 studies used aerobic training, 6 studies used combined training, 4 studies used resistance training, 3 studies had multiple intervention arms and 3 studies used other types of training. Exercise training was associated with an increase in functional capacity outcomes, as reflected by changes in 6-minute-walk test (51.6 meters; 95% CI 7.6% to 95.6%; I2 92%), one-repetition maximum leg-press (18.0 kg; 95% CI 4.0% to 31.9%; I2 0%), and peak oxygen consumption (2.41 mL/kg min; 95% CI 1.89% to 2.92%; I2 100%) compared with control groups. In sensitivity and subgroup analyses using VO2max as outcome and stratified by for the type of study (RCT or NRS), duration of diabetes diagnosis, and sex, we observed overlapping confidence intervals. Meta-regression showed no association between HbA1C levels and VO2max (p = 0.34; I2 99.6%; R2 = 2.6%). Conclusion: Structured exercise training based on aerobic training, resistance training, combination of both, or composed by other types of training (i.e. Pilates, Tai Chi and Whole-body vibration) is associated with an improvement in functional capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes, except for the upper limb muscle strength. However, we could not identify potential effect predictors associated with directional summary estimates. Registration: This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020162467); date of registration: 12/15/2019. The review protocol is hosted at the Open Science Framework (OSF) (Preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/kpg2m). Funding: This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001; National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS) – FAPERGS/Brasil; National Council on Technology and Scientific Development (CNPq).

Abstract P270: Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Biomarkers of Cardio-metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Lin ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Guo ◽  
Christian K Roberts ◽  
Steve McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Context: Current guidelines recommend exercise for optimal cardiovascular health, although evidence from intervention trials linking exercise to cardiovascular health through intermediate biomarkers remains inconsistent. Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the impact of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and a variety of standard and novel biomarkers for cardio-metabolic health in adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1965 to March 2014. Study Selection: Two investigators (X. Lin and X. Zhang) selected 159 RCTs (7,282 participants) that evaluated the effects of exercise interventions on CRF and circulating CVD biomarkers. Data Extraction: Data were extracted by two researchers using a standardized protocol. Data Synthesis: In the primary analysis, DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models were used to compute weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing exercise groups to control groups. In addition, effect modifications were examined using meta-regression and subgroup analyses stratified by pre-specified potential modifiers, including age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle, health status, and trial duration. Exercise training significantly improved CRF, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, systematic inflammation, and hemostasis. ( Table ) We also found that exercise effects were modified by age, sex, and health status such that people under 50 years, men, and people with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or metabolic syndrome appeared to benefit more from exercise interventions. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that exercise training significantly improved CRF and some biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health. Significant effect modifications were also identified by age, sex, and health status.

scholarly journals Relationship Between METTL21C Gene Expression and Exercise in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Kyung-Wan Baek ◽  
Ji-Seok Kim ◽  
Jun-Il Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group

PURPOSE: Recently, METTL21C has been identified as a potential pleiotropic gene for osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to collect gene expression datasets of human skeletal muscle transcriptome and to determine their relationship to exercise through meta-analysis.METHODS: MetaMEx was used to determine whether METTL21C in human skeletal muscle was associated with age, sex, physical activity and obesity. In addition, the difference in gene expression of METTL21C according to exercise duration and exercise type was confirmed. Using MetaMEx, top 300 genes (positive and negative, respectively) with a high correlation with METTL21C were selected, and gene ontology analysis was performed to identify related pathways.RESULTS:The expression of METTL21C gene in human skeletal muscle was significantly lower in the elderly than in young subjects (p<.0001), and significantly lower in female than in male (p<.0001). Also, the obese subjects were significantly lower than lean subjects (p<.0001). However, subjects with high level of physical activity had significantly higher expression of METTL21C than subjects with low levels of physical activity (p<.0001). Acute resistance exercise (p<.0001) and acute high-intensity interval training (p<.05) were found to have significantly higher expression of METTL21C in the skeletal muscle of the exercise group compared to the control group. Aerobic exercise training (p<.0001) and resistance exercise training (p<.0001) showed significantly higher expression of METTL21C in the skeletal muscle of the exercise group compared to the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity and exercise is important to prevent and treat osteosarcopenia because it can increase the expression of METTL21C in human skeletal muscle and maintain bone and muscle homeostasis.

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