scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Membrane-Targeting Mechanism of Aloe-Emodin Against Staphylococcus epidermidis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Ross C. Beier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Selective Permeability ◽  
Aloe Emodin ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) dwarfs the current antibiotic development and calls for the discovery of new antibacterial agents. Aloe-emodin is a plant-derived compound that holds promise to battle against these strains. This work reports the antimicrobial activity of aloe-emodin against S. epidermidis and other Gram-positive pathogenic species, manifesting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs) around 4–32 and 32–128 μg/mL, respectively. For Gram-negative bacteria tested, the MICs and MBCs of aloe-emodin were 128–256 and above 1024 μg/mL, respectively. Aloe-emodin at the MBC for 4 h eradicated 96.9% of S. epidermidis cells. Aloe-emodin treatment led to deformities in the morphology of S. epidermidis cells and the destroy of the selective permeability of the cell membranes. Analysis of the transcriptional profiles of aloe-emodin-treated cells revealed changes of genes involved in sulfur metabolism, L-lysine and peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and biofilm formation. Aloe-emodin therefore can safely control Gram-positive bacterial infections and proves to target the bacterial outer membrane.

scholarly journals Technologies to address antimicrobial resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (51) ◽  
pp. 12887-12895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Baker ◽  
David J. Payne ◽  
Rino Rappuoli ◽  
Ennio De Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane

Bacterial infections have been traditionally controlled by antibiotics and vaccines, and these approaches have greatly improved health and longevity. However, multiple stakeholders are declaring that the lack of new interventions is putting our ability to prevent and treat bacterial infections at risk. Vaccine and antibiotic approaches still have the potential to address this threat. Innovative vaccine technologies, such as reverse vaccinology, novel adjuvants, and rationally designed bacterial outer membrane vesicles, together with progress in polysaccharide conjugation and antigen design, have the potential to boost the development of vaccines targeting several classes of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, new approaches to deliver small-molecule antibacterials into bacteria, such as hijacking active uptake pathways and potentiator approaches, along with a focus on alternative modalities, such as targeting host factors, blocking bacterial virulence factors, monoclonal antibodies, and microbiome interventions, all have potential. Both vaccines and antibacterial approaches are needed to tackle the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and both areas have the underpinning science to address this need. However, a concerted research agenda and rethinking of the value society puts on interventions that save lives, by preventing or treating life-threatening bacterial infections, are needed to bring these ideas to fruition.

scholarly journals Protein–protein interactions in bacteria: a promising and challenging avenue towards the discovery of new antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2881-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carro
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Lead Discovery ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
New Antibiotics

Antibiotics are potent pharmacological weapons against bacterial infections; however, the growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is compromising the efficacy of the currently available pharmacotherapies. Even though antimicrobial resistance is not a new problem, antibiotic development has failed to match the growth of resistant pathogens and hence, it is highly critical to discover new anti-infective drugs with novel mechanisms of action which will help reducing the burden of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in a myriad of vital cellular processes and have become an attractive target to treat diseases. Therefore, targeting PPI networks in bacteria may offer a new and unconventional point of intervention to develop novel anti-infective drugs which can combat the ever-increasing rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review describes the progress achieved towards the discovery of molecules that disrupt PPI systems in bacteria for which inhibitors have been identified and whose targets could represent an alternative lead discovery strategy to obtain new anti-infective molecules.

scholarly journals Emerging Treatment Options for Infections by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Koulenti ◽  
Elena Xu ◽  
Andrew Song ◽  
Isaac Yin Sum Mok ◽  
Drosos E. Karageorgopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antimicrobial agents are currently the mainstay of treatment for bacterial infections worldwide. However, due to the increased use of antimicrobials in both human and animal medicine, pathogens have now evolved to possess high levels of multi-drug resistance, leading to the persistence and spread of difficult-to-treat infections. Several current antibacterial agents active against Gram-positive bacteria will be rendered useless in the face of increasing resistance rates. There are several emerging antibiotics under development, some of which have been shown to be more effective with an improved safety profile than current treatment regimens against Gram-positive bacteria. We will extensively discuss these antibiotics under clinical development (phase I-III clinical trials) to combat Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae. We will delve into the mechanism of actions, microbiological spectrum, and, where available, the pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and efficacy of these drugs, aiming to provide a comprehensive review to the involved stakeholders.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis ofViperidaeVenoms Antibacterial Profile: a Short Communication for Proteomics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Ferreira ◽  
Dilvani O. Santos ◽  
André Luis dos Santos ◽  
Carlos R. Rodrigues ◽  
Cícero C. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Important Health ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Lachesis Muta ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Bacterial infections involving multidrug-resistant strains are one of the ten leading causes of death and an important health problem in need for new antibacterial sources and agents. Herein, we tested and compared four snake venoms (Agkistrodon rhodostoma, Bothrops jararaca, B. atrox and Lachesis muta) against 10 Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug-resistant clinical bacteria strains to identify them as new sources of potential antibacterial molecules. Our data revealed that, as efficient as some antibiotics currently on the market (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1–32 μg mL−1),A. rhodostomaandB. atroxvenoms were active againstStaphylococcus epidermidisandEnterococcus faecalis(MIC = 4.5 μg mL−1), whileB. jararacainhibitedS. aureusgrowth (MIC = 13 μg ml−1). As genomic and proteomic technologies are improving and developing rapidly, our results suggested thatA. rhodostoma, B. atroxandB. jararacavenoms and glands are feasible sources for searching antimicrobial prototypes for future design new antibiotics against drug-resistant clinical bacteria. They also point to an additional perspective to fully identify the pharmacological potential of these venoms by using different techniques.

The Antibiotic Development Pipeline for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: Current and Future Landscapes

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
Early Clinical Development

Development of antibiotics to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli has lagged significantly behind development of antibiotics to treat infections with gram-positive pathogens. Although a few promising drugs have entered early clinical development, more must be done to preserve the utility of currently available antibiotics and to ensure a pipeline of efficacious, safe antibacterials.

scholarly journals Bacteriology of diabetic foot infections and their antibacterial susceptibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3276
Author(s):  
Alex Aiswariya ◽  
Kalagara Pavani ◽  
Bhanudas Surpam Rajendra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background: Diabetic foot infections are the most common bacterial infections encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus and remain the leading complication requiring frequent hospitalization.  Hence, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteria in diabetic foot infections and their antibiogram which can help to inform therapeutic choices.Methods: A prospective study conducted on clinical specimens taken from patients with diabetic foot infections, over 3 years duration. The clinical specimens were processed by using the standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was studied by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Among 103 cases studied, 97 were culture positive. Out of these specimens, 25 (25.77%) had monomicrobial flora and 72 (74.23%) had polymicrobial flora. A total of 176 bacteria were obtained which include 62 gram positive cocci and 114 gram negative bacilli. All gram negative bacilli showed good sensitivity to imipenem (97.30%), followed by cefaperazone sulbactam (81.98%), piperacillin-tazobactam (75.68%) and amikacin (72.97%). All gram positive cocci remained 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid followed by clindamycin (not tested for Enterococci Spp.) and gentamicin  in a range of  91.43 % to 72.88%. The prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms among aerobic isolates were 59.66%.Conclusions: Diabetic foot infections are polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus were the most common isolates. The most sensitive antibiotics are imipenem for gram negative bacilli while vancomycin and linezolid were effective for gram positive cocci. The antibiogram of isolates will be helpful in determining the drugs for the empirical treatment of diabetic foot infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document