scholarly journals Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation on in vitro Fermentation Indices, Greenhouse Gas, Microbes, and Fatty Acid Profiles in the Rumen

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardar Muhammad Amanullah ◽  
Dong Hyeon Kim ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Hyuk Jun Lee ◽  
Young Hoo Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Gas Volume

This study estimated the effect of essential fatty acid (FA) supplementation on fermentation indices, greenhouse gases, microbes, and FA profiles in the rumen. The treatments used pure FAs consisting of C18:2n-6 FA (LA), C18:3n-3 FA (LNA), or a mixture of these FAs at 1:1 ratio (Combo). In vitro rumen incubation was performed in 50 mL glass serum bottles containing 2 mg of pure FAs, 15 mL of rumen buffer (rumen fluid+anaerobe culture medium = 1:2), and 150 mg of synthetic diet (411 g cellulose, 411 g starch, and 178 g casein/kg dry matter) at 39°C for 8 h with five replications and three blanks. In rumen fermentation indices, LA exhibited highest (P < 0.05) ammonia-N and total gas volume after 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, LA presented lower (P < 0.05) pH with higher (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (P = 0.034) than Combo, while LNA was not different compared with those in the other treatments. Additionally, Combo produced highest (P < 0.05) CO2 with lowest (P < 0.05) CH4. In the early hours of incubation, LA improved (P < 0.005) Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, while LNA improved (P < 0.005) Ruminococcus albus. After 8 h of incubation, LNA had lower (P < 0.05) methanogenic archaea than LA and Combo but had higher (P < 0.05) rumen ciliates than LA. R. albus was higher (P < 0.05) in LA than in LNA and Combo. It was observed that the rate of biohydrogenation of n-6 and n-3 FAs was comparatively lowest (P < 0.05) in Combo, characterized by higher C18:2n-6 and/or C18:3n-3 FA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentrations with lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18:0 and saturated FA and the ratio of saturated FAs to PUFAs. Therefore, this study concluded that dietary C18:2n-6 could improve populations of fibrolytic bacteria and rumen fermentation indices, but dietary mixture of pure C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 is recommended because it is effective in reducing enteric methane emissions and resisting biohydrogenation in the rumen with less effect on rumen microbes.

scholarly journals MINIMIZE THE HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID IN RUMEN WITH FORMALDEHYDE

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafly C. Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman Rusman ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Range Test

This research aimed to know the ability of formaldehyde to protect unsaturated fatty acid of CPO on the hydrogenation process by rumen microbes. In this experiment, the in vitro fermentation of rumen fluid was carrying out. It was taken from the rumen-trocar of female sheep. The unsaturated fatty acid source was from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) which encapsulated by formaldehyde 37% within 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%. The data was analyzed by Completely Random Design with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The difference of means the treatments were tested by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Result showed that oleic and linoleic resulting from fermenting CPO protected by formaldehyde was increase if it was compared with the unprotected CPO. It can be concluded that encapsulated CPO with formaldehyde was able to prevent hydrogenating of unsaturated fatty acid, mainly oleic and linoleic.

scholarly journals Reducing enteric methane production from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by garlic oil supplementation in in vitro rumen fermentation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Dey ◽  
Shyam Sundar Paul ◽  
Puran Chand Lailer ◽  
Satbir Singh Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Acetyl Esterase ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

AbstractEnteric methane production contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas emission globally. Although, buffaloes are integral part of livestock production in Asian countries, contributing milk, meat and draft power, the contribution of enteric methane to environmental pollution attracts attention. The present study investigated the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) oil in reducing enteric methane production from buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by in vitro rumen fermentation. Garlic oil (GOL) was tested at four concentrations [0 (Control), 33.33 µl (GOL-1), 83.33 µl (GOL-2) and 166.66 µl (GOL-3) per litre of buffered rumen fluid] in 100-ml graduated glass syringes and incubated at 39℃ for 24 h for in vitro rumen fermentation study. Supplementation of GOL-1 increased (p < 0.05) total gas production in comparison with GOL-3; however, it remained comparable (p > 0.05) with control and GOL-2. Graded doses of garlic oil inclusions reduced (p < 0.001) methane concentration (%) in total gas and total methane production (ml/g DM), irrespective of concentrations. The feed degradability, volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass production (MBP) were not affected (p > 0.05) by GOL-1, but these tended to decrease in GOL-2 with marked reduction (p < 0.01) in GOL-3. The decrease (p < 0.01) in NH3–N concentration in fermentation fluid in the presence of garlic oil, irrespective of concentration, suggests reduced deamination by inhibiting rumen proteolytic bacterial population. The activities of ruminal fibrolytic enzymes (CMCase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, acetyl esterase) were not affected by lower dose (GOL-1) of garlic oil; however, reduction (p < 0.05) of these enzymes activity in rumen liquor was evident at higher doses (GOL-2 and GOL-3) of supplementation. This study shows positive impact of garlic oil supplementation at low dose (33.33 µl/l of rumen fluid) in reducing enteric methane production, thereby, abatement of environmental pollution without affecting feed digestibility.

An initial investigation on rumen fermentation pattern and methane emission of sheep offered diets containing urea or nitrate as the nitrogen source

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
J. Nolan ◽  
R. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

The effects of dietary nitrate and of urea on rumen fermentation pattern and enteric methane production were investigated using 4-month-old ewe lambs. Ten lambs were allocated into two groups (n = 5) and each group was offered one of two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 1.5% urea (T1) or 3% calcium nitrate (T2). Methane production was estimated using open-circuit respiration chambers after 6 weeks of feeding. No difference in nitrogen (N) balance, apparent digestibility of N or microbial N outflow existed between treatments (P > 0.05). Animals offered the T2 diet lost less energy through methane than did those fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, and the molar ratio of acetate to propionate in rumen fluid were not affected by dietary N source. Compared with urea inclusion, nitrate inclusion caused a significantly higher acetate and lower butyrate percentage in rumen volatile fatty acid. Nitrate supplementation tended to lower methane production by ~7.7 L/day relative to urea supplementation (P = 0.06). Methane yield (L/kg DM intake) was reduced (P < 0.05) by 35.4% when 1.5% urea was replaced by 3% calcium nitrate in the diet. Emission intensity (L methane/kg liveweight gain) was ~17.3% lower in the nitrate-supplemented sheep when compared with urea-fed sheep; however, the reduction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This study confirms that the presence of nitrate in the diet inhibits enteric methane production. As no clinical symptoms of nitrite toxicity were observed and sheep receiving nitrate-supplemented diet had similar growth to those consuming urea-supplemented diet, it is concluded that 3% calcium nitrate can replace 1.5% urea as a means of meeting ruminal N requirements and of reducing enteric methane emissions from sheep, provided animals are acclimated to nitrate gradually.

Influence of ionophores on in vitro fermentation by rumen fluid from sheep receiving yeast culture (Yeasacc; YC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
I.M. Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of compounds has been described which have the potential to improve animal production by manipulating the rumen fermentation. Prominent among these rumen modifiers are the ionophores. Ionophores, such as monensin and tetronasin, improve feed efficiency, partly by increasing the flow of amino-N from the rumen and partly by stimulating the production of propionate in the rumen with an associated reduction in the production of methane (Russell and Strobel, 1988). Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of yeast culture (YC) and other fungal preparation to modify the rumen fermentation. These products have been shown to increase bacterial numbers within the rumen with an associated increase in the breakdown of fibre and supply of microbial protein (Williams and Newbold, 1990). YC has also been reported to increase the production of propionate in the rumen. Little appears to be known about the effect a combination YC and an ionophore would have on the rumen fermentation. This study describes the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the fermentation of hay by rumen fluid from sheep fed a basal diet with or without YC.

The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces methane production during in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Kinley ◽  
Rocky de Nys ◽  
Matthew J. Vucko ◽  
Lorenna Machado ◽  
Nigel W. Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Asparagopsis Taxiformis ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Dose Levels

Livestock feed modification is a viable method for reducing methane emissions from ruminant livestock. Ruminant enteric methane is responsible approximately to 10% of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. Some species of macroalgae have antimethanogenic activity on in vitro fermentation. This study used in vitro fermentation with rumen inoculum to characterise increasing inclusion rates of the red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis on enteric methane production and digestive efficiency throughout 72-h fermentations. At dose levels ≤1% of substrate organic matter there was minimal effect on gas and methane production. However, inclusion ≥2% reduced gas and eliminated methane production in the fermentations indicating a minimum inhibitory dose level. There was no negative impact on substrate digestibility for macroalgae inclusion ≤5%, however, a significant reduction was observed with 10% inclusion. Total volatile fatty acids were not significantly affected with 2% inclusion and the acetate levels were reduced in favour of increased propionate and, to a lesser extent, butyrate which increased linearly with increasing dose levels. A barrier to commercialisation of Asparagopsis is the mass production of this specific macroalgal biomass at a scale to provide supplementation to livestock. Another area requiring characterisation is the most appropriate method for processing (dehydration) and feeding to livestock in systems with variable feed quality and content. The in vitro assessment method used here clearly demonstrated that Asparagopsis can inhibit methanogenesis at very low inclusion levels whereas the effect in vivo has yet to be confirmed.

scholarly journals In vitro fermentation of corn silage using rumen fluid buffered or not and different sample amounts

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2229-2232
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽  
Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel ◽  
Henrique Leal Perez ◽  
Marco Tulio Costa Almeida ◽  
Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Sample Amount ◽  
Gas Volume

Methodological variations in the amount of sample incubated and the type of rumen fluid used are commonly observed. This study evaluated the effect of three sample amounts (0.6, 1.3 or 2.6g DM 100mL-1 of rumen fluid) incubated in rumen fluid buffered (BRF-buffered rumen fluid) or not (PRF-pure rumen fluid) on total gas volume (TV), methane (CH4) production, dry matter degradation (DM Deg) and final pH of corn silage incubated in vitro. The highest DM Deg was reached with the lowest amounts of sample (0.6 and 1.3g of DM 100mL-1 of rumen fluid). The sample amount of 2.6g associated with PRF reduced CH4 production (P<0.05), compared with the amounts of 0.6 and 1.3g DM 100mL-1, which had similar CH4 production (P>0.05). The use of BRF caused no effect on CH4 production (P>0.05), independent of the sample amount. Increasing the amount of substrate resulted in lower final pH of incubation in both fluids (P<0.05). Our results indicate that incubations should be performed with the smallest amount of sample (0.6g of DM 100mL-1 of rumen fluid), using fluid without buffer. Incubation without buffer solution overestimates the CH4 production of corn silage. Further studies should be conducted to verify the possibility of in vitro ruminal incubation of other ingredients using pure rumen fluid.

scholarly journals An in vitro study on the ability of tannic acid to inhibit methanogenesis and biohydrogenation of C18 PUFA in the rumen of goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisam S. Al-Jumaili ◽  
Yong M. Goh ◽  
Saied Jafari ◽  
Mohamed A. Rajion ◽  
Mohamed F. Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract An in vitro gas production technique, using rumen fluid from four Kacang × Boer crossbred adult goats was used to study the effects of commercial tannic acid (TA, a hydrolysable tannin) on methanogenesis, fatty acid composition and biohydrogenation (BH) of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the rumen. Treatments were control (CON, 50% alfalfa hay (AH) + 50% concentrate), 25 mg TA/250 mgDM (LTA, low TA) and 50 mg TA/250 mgDM (HTA, High TA), which were mixed with 30 mL of buffered rumen fluid and incubated for 24 h. The study revealed that TA supplementation had no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters such as pH, NH3N, acetic/propionic ratio and total volatile fatty acid (tVFA). Methane (CH4) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of TA. Greatest CH4 reduction (%) was recorded for MTA (20.30%) and LTA (13.00%) compared with CON. Supplementation of the diet with TA did not affect the rate of rumen BH (%) of C18:1n-9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and the concentration of fatty acids after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Based on this study, the addition of TA in vitro reduced rumen methanogenesis without negative effect of rumen fermentation characteristics, but in vivo studies need to be performed to determine if concentrations that inhibit methane are below toxic levels.

Fermentation in the Rumen of the Sheep

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
F. V. GRAY ◽  
A. F. PILGRIM
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Period

In an investigation of the intermediate stages of the rumen fermentation of wheaten hay in vitro, the proportion of propionic acid in the fatty acid products was shown to decrease during the first few hours, when the rate of production of acid was at a maximum. The composition and the rate of production were uniform over the rest of the fermentation period. Throughout the fermentation the proportion of propionic acid was considerably higher than in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals MINIMIZE THE HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID IN THE RUMEN WITH KAFFIR LIME (Citrus hystrix)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Nafly Comilo Tiven
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
The Difference

This research aimed to know the ability of citronella from C. hystrix to protect unsaturated fatty acid of Tropical cooking oil on the hydrogenation process by rumen microbes. The in vitro fermentation test used rumen fluid of local female sheeps as source of microbial, Tropical cooking oil as a source of unsaturated fatty acids and C. hystrix leaves as source of cironela. Tropical cooking oil was mixed with Preston skim milk (1:2). The mixture were added by C. hystrix leaves with the level of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (dry weight bases) from the weight of the mixture, then mixed evenly into protected Tropical cooking oil. The data was analyzed by Completely Random Design. The difference of means the treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Result showed that oleic and linoleic resulting from fermenting Tropical cooking oil protected by citronela in C. hystrix was increase if it compare to unprotected. It can be concluded that Tropical cooking oil protected with citronelal C. hystrix was reduced  hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid, mainly oleic and linoleic.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BIODELIGNIFIKASI DAUN SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN KAPANG Phanerochaete Chrysosporium YANG DISUPLEMENTASI DENGAN MINERAL CA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CAIRAN RUMEN SECARA In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Sri, Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Mineral Addition ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The aims of this research to see the effect of biodelignification of palm leaves using    Phanerochaete chrysosporium againts total VFA, NH3 and pH. This study used factorial randomized block design (4x3) with 3 replications. Factor A is a dose of mineral addition  in which A0 = 0 ppm Ca mineral, A1 = 1000 ppm Ca mineral, A3 = 1500 ppm Ca mineral, and A4 = 2000 ppm Ca mineral. Factor Y is the time of fermentation Y1 = 10 days, Y2 = 15 days, and Y3 = 20 days. Fermentation of palm leaves using Phanerochaete chrysosporium   at a dose of Ca 2000 ppm mineral with a fermentation time of 10 days showed a total of 121.25 mM VFA more than any other treatment, and the amount of NH3 produced 14.80 mg / 100 ml of rumen fluid,  and pH ranges from 6.79 to 6.86. The resulting pH is still in a condition where rumen microbes can grow optimally.Keywords: Biodelignification, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, NH3,  pH, Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document